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REYNOLDS   HISTORICAL 
GENEALOGY  COLLECTION 


ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  1833  01749  2635 


GENEALOGY 
974.8 
P3859 
1904 


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■-^r^it/^yf./ey r^yie^    ry^^iytc^c^-Ur.y/y .^i/^/^t^yy ^^a<i^e'//^/c?t.  Jll'.  S. 


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HISTORY  AET>  BIOSRAPHY. 


Vol.  XXVIII. 


PHILADELPHIA :  " 

PUBLICATION    FUND    OF 

THE    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY   OF   PENNSYLVANIA, 

No.    1300  LOCUST   STREET. 

1904. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  XXVIII. 


PAGE 

Tiie  Manufacture  of  Iron  and  Steel  Rails  in  Western  Pennsylvania. 

By  James  M.  Swank 1 

Journal  of  Lieutenant  Robert  Parker,  of  the  Second  Continental 

Artillery,  1779.     By  Hon.  Thomas  R  Bard.     (Conchukd.)         .       12 
Selectoil   Letters   from   the  Letter- Book  of    Richard   Plockley,   of 

Philadelphia,  1739-1742.     (Concluded.) 26 

Penasylvania  Soldiers  of   the  Revolution  entitled  to  Depreciation 

Pjiy.     (Onidudcd.) 45,  201 

Pinri'H  Projx.sais  for  a  Second  Settlement  in  the  Province  of  Penn- 

.sylvania.     { Facsimile.) 60 

Francis  Campbell.     By  CharUi  11.  Broivning 62 

Letters  of  Christopher  Marshall  to  Peter  Miller,  of  Ephrata     .         .       71 

The  Furniture  of  our  Ancestors 73   190 

Ship   Regi.^^ters   for   the   Port  of    Philadelphia,    172«3-1775.      {Con- 
cluded. ) 84,  218,  346,  470 

Notes  and  Queries 101,  236,  375,  508 

Book  Notices 12:3,  254,  383,  510 

Sketch  of  John  Inskeep,  Mayor,  and  President  of  the  Insurance 
Company  of  North  America,  Philadelphia.     By  H.  E.  Wallace, 

Jr.     (Portrait.) 129 

Ivett«r8  of  Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Penile,  1706-1825. 

By  Horace  W.  Sellers 136,  295,  403 

List  of  Penn  Manuscripts.     (Forhe.?  Collection.)  .         .         .         .155 

Pennsylvania    Gleanings    in    England.       By    Lothrop     Wthingion. 

{ Continued. ) 169^  456 

The  Alaska  Adjudication.     By  Thomas  Willing  Balch        .         .        .176 
Mrs.  iLary  Dewees's  Journal  from  Philadelphia  to  Kentucky,  1787- 

1788.     By  Samuel  P.  Cochran        .         .         ...         .         .         .182 

Alexander  Lawson.     By  Tomiaend  Ward 204 

^larriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  County,  .Alaryland,  1774-1815.     By 

Henry  Dovnes  Cranor 209.  320  428 

Two  Letters  of  Charles  Carroll  of  CarroIIton 216 

Heorge  Wa.«hingtr>n  in  Pennsylvania.     By  Hon.  Samuel  W.  Penny- 

P'Jcker 257 

(Hi) 


iv  Contents  of  Volume  XXVIIJ. 


rAOR 


A  Great  Philadelphian  :  Robert  Morris.     By  Dr.  Ellis  I'axson  Ober- 

holtzer.     {Portrait.) 273 

The  English  Ancestors  of  the  Shippen  Family  and  Edward 
Shippen,  of  Philadelphia.  By  Thomas  Willing  Balch.  {Por- 
trait.)       3S5 

Engraved  Works  of  David  Edwin.     (Not  naentioned  in  Mr,  Hilde- 

burn's  List. )     By  Mantle  Fielding 420 

Officei-s  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania    ....     513 

Index 517 


THE 


PENNSYLVANIA    MAGAZINE 


OP 


HISTORY   AND   BIOGRAPHY. 


Vol.  XX VIII.  1904.  No.  1. 


THE   MAXUFACTUEE    OF    lEOX    AXD    STEEL    EAILS 
IN   WESTEEN   PENNSYLVANIA. 

BY   JAMES    M.    SWANK. 

This  country  leads  all  other  countries  in  the  produc- 
tion of  iron  and  steel.  This  prominence  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  these  products  is  only  in  part  due  to  the  bounty 
of  nature  in  providing  liberal  supplies  of  the  raw  materials 
that  are  needed;  it  is  largely  the  result  of  friendly  legis- 
lation by  the  General  Government:  first,  in  more  firmly 
establishing  in  1861  the  protective  tarift'  policy,  v^'hich  has 
since  been  effectively  maintained  with  but  brief  interrup- 
tions, and,  second,  in  adopting  in  1850  and  in  subsequently 
maintaining  the  policy  of  liberal  grants  of  public  lands  to 
railroad  companies.  Through  the  operation  of  the  protect- 
ive policy  the  home  market  has  been  largely  preserved 
for  the  home  producers  of  iron  and  steel,  and  through  the 
operation  of  the  land-grant  system,  supplemented  by  the 
homestead  policy,  wdiich  first  became  eff"ective  in  18G2, 
during  the  civil  war,  thousands  of  miles  of  railroad  have 
been  built  in  the  Western  States  and  Territories  that  would 
not  otherwise  have  been  built.  With  the  building  of  these 
roads  and  of  other  railroads  in  the  Eastern,  Middle,  and 

VOL.  XXVIII.— 1  (  1  ) 


2  Iron  and  Steel  Bails  in  Western  Pcnns^/Ivania. 

Southern  States  the  population  of  all  sections  of  tlie  coun- 
try has  been  greatly  increased,  the  consumption  of  iron 
and  steel  and  of  other  manufactured  products  has  been 
greatly  enlarged,  vast  mineral  resources  have  been  dis- 
covered and  developed,  and  the  whole  country  has  been 
phenomenally  enriched.  Thousands  of  new  farms  have 
been  opened,  our  agricultural  products  have  been  many 
times  multiplied,  and  both  home  and  foreign  markets  for 
the  sale  of  our  surplus  crops  and  of  all  other  products  of 
the  farm,  the  forest,  the  fishery,  the  mine,  and  the  flictory 
have  been  quickly  and  cheaply  reached. 

It  is  the  exact  truth  to  say  that  many  of  these  rail- 
roads could  not  have  been  built  if  our  protective  tarift 
policy  had  not  built  up  our  iron-rail  industry  in  the  third 
quarter  of  the  nineteenth  century  and  our  steel-rail  indus- 
try in  the  fourth  quarter.  Until  we  began  to  make  our 
own  iron  rails  and  afterwards  our  own  steel  rails  foreign 
manufacturers  charged  us  excessive  prices  for  such  rails  as 
we  could  aftbrd  to  buy.  Both  of  the  rail  industries  men- 
tioned had  at  the  first  to  struggle  for  their  very  existence 
against  foreign  competition,  the  early  duties  on  foreign  iron 
rails  and  afterwards  on  foreign  steel  rails  not  being  suffi- 
ciently protective,  but  in  the  end  the  control  of  the  home 
market  was  gained,  the  production  of  rails  increased  enor- 
mously, and  the  prices  of  both  iron  and  steel  rails  to  rail- 
road companies  were  steadily  reduced.  Before  we  began  to 
make  our  own  steel  rails  English  manufacturers  charged 
us  more  than  three  times  as  much  per  ton  for  the  steel  rails 
we  bought  from  them  as  American  manufacturers  have  since 
charged  for  millions  of  tons.  These  millions  of  tons  have 
also  been  sold  at  lower  prices  than  were  previously  charged 
for  iron  rails,  either  of  home  or  foreign  ftianufacture. 

The  resisting  and  wearing  qualities  of  a  steel  rail  being 
far  superior  to  those  of  an  iron  rail,  it  is  capable  of  support- 
ing a  much  hea^'ier  weight  of  cars,  locomotives,  freight,  and 
passengers,  and  it  permits  trains  to  be  moved  at  much 
higher  speed ;  hence  the  carrying  capacity  of  our  railroads 


Iron  and  Stcd  Baib  in  Western  Fennsi/lvania.  3 

lias  been  increased  many  times,  while  the  cost  of  operating 
them  per  ton  of  freight  or  per  passenger  has  been  greatly 
reduced.  The  life  of  a  steel  rail,  notwithstanding  the  greater 
service  it  is  called  on  to  perform,  being  many  times  greater 
than  that  of  an  iron  rail,  the  cost  to  our  railroad  companies 
for  track  renewals  is  many  times  less  thali  if  iron  rails  were 
still  used.  The  immense  agricultural  crops  of  the  country 
in  the  last  thirty  or  thirty-five  years,  if  they  had  been  pro- 
duced, never  could  have  been  transported  to  either  home 
or  foreign  markets  if  only  iron  rails  had  been  continued  in 
use.  The  attempt  to  transport  them  upon  iron  rails,  even 
with  lighter  cars  and  locomotives  than  are  now  used,  would 
liave  so  worn  out  the  rails  that  the  tracks  would  have  been 
constantly  torn  up  for  repairs,  and  this  condition  would 
have  resulted  in  a  continual  interruption  to  all  traffic,  while 
tlie  heavy  cars  and  locomotives  of  the  present  day  could  not 
have  been  used  at  all. 

In  ten  years  after  we  began  the  manufacture  of  steel  rails 
in  commercial  quantities,  which  was  in  1867,  the  charge  for 
transporting  a  bushel  of  wheat  by  railroad  from  Chicago 
to  Xew  York  was  reduced  from  44.2  cents  a  bushel  to  20.3 
cents,  and  it  has  since  been  further  reduced  to  8.75  cents. 
In  1860,  with  only  iron  rails,  the  charge  for  mo\dng  a  ton 
of  freight  one  mile  on  the  Xew  York  Central  Eailroad 
was  2.065  cents;  in  1870,  after  we  had  commenced  to  use 
steel  rails,  the  charge  was  reduced  to  1.884  cents ;  in  1880, 
when  steel  rails  were  in  more  general  use  on  our  trunk 
railroads,  the  charge  was  further  reduced  to  8.79  mills, 
and  in  1901  it  was  still  further  reduced  to  7.4  mills.  In 
the  decade  from  1870  to  1880  the  charge  for  transporting 
a  barrel  of  flour  from  Chicago  to  Xew  York  by  rail  fell 
from  §1.60  to  86  cents.  In  1903  the  freight  rate  over  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  system  in  car-load  lots  from  Chicago 
to  Xew  York  was  36  cents  per  barrel. 

But  for  our  cheap  steel  rails  flour  and  meat,  lumber  and 
coal,  and  numerous  other  heavy  products  could  not  have 
been  cheaply  distributed  to  consumers,  the  necessaries  of 


4  Iron  and  Siccl  Rails  in  Western  Pennsyhania. 

life  would  have  been  largely  enhanced  in  price  through  the 
high  cost  of  transportation,  and  the  whole  country  would 
have  had  a  much  less  rapid  growth  than  it  has  experienced. 

The  benefits  which  this  country  has  derived  from  cheap 
steel  rails  of  home  manufacture  are  so  numerous  and  enter 
so  largely  into  the  daily  life  of  all  our  people  that  they  have 
ceased  to  excite  special  comment,  like  the  natural  blessings 
of  light,  air,  and  water. 

In  the  manufacture  of  iron  rails  Western  Pennsylvania 
was  prominent  in  the  early  days  of  xVmerican  railroads. 
At  Brady's  Bend,  on  the  Allegheny  River,  in  Armstrong 
County,  the  Great  Western  Iron  Works,  embracing  four 
furnaces  and  a  rolling  mill,  were  commenced  in  1840  by 
the  Great  Western  Iron  Company,  composed  of  Philander 
Raymond  and  others.  The  rolling  mill  was  built  in  1841 
to  roll  bar  iron,  but  it  afterwards  rolled  iron  rails,  which 
were  at  first  only  flat  bars,  with  holes  for  spikes  countersunk 
in  the  upper  surface,  and  in  1846  and  afterwards  it  rolled 
T  rails.  In  1856  it  made  7,533  tons  of  rails.  It  was  one 
of  the  first  mills  in  the  country  to  roll  T  rails,  our  first  rails 
of  this  pattern  having  been  rolled  in  1844  at  the  Mount 
Savage  Rolling  :Mill,  in  Maryland.  The  Brady's  Bend  mill 
continued  to  make  rails  until  after  the  close  of  the  ci^il 
war.  In  October,  1873,  it  ceased  operations.  Shipments 
of  rails  were  made  by  the  Allegheny  River.  In  1849  the 
Great  Western  Iron  Company  failed  and  the  Brady's  Bend 
Iron  Company  took  its  place.  The  mill  and  the  furnaces 
have  long  been  abandoned  and  have  gone  to  decay.  In 
the  RaHu:ay  Age,  of  Chicago,  for  April  3,  1903,  there  ap- 
peared the  following  interesting  reminiscence  of  the  Brady's 
Bend  enterprise,  contributed  by  Mr.  G.  W.  P.  Atkinson. 

The  Allegheny  Valley  Railroad  in  1865  operated  only  44  miles  from 
Pittsburgh  to  Kittanning.  It  is  now  part  of  the  Pennsylvania  system. 
At  that  time  steamers  ran  up  the  Allegheny  River  from  Pittsburgh  to 
Franklin  when  there  was  water  enough.  There  was  a  rail  mill  at 
Brady's  Bend  in  18G5,  with  which  the  writer  was  connected,  and  which 
during  the  war  made  a  great  deal  of  railroad  iron.     William  B.  Ogden, 


Iron  and  Steel  Bails  in  Western  Fe))i>s>/h-ania.  5 

Chicago's  first  mayor,  was  president  of  it,  and  the  writer  had  charge 
of  its  sales.  If  the  river  was  not  navigable  for  steamers  we  had  to 
take  the  stage  from  the  Kittanning  end  of  the  Allegheny  Valley  Railroad 
to  Brady's  Bend,  and  a  tough  ride  it  was.  The  writer  and  William 
B.  Ogdeu  made  the  trip  several  times  together.  Rails  were  shipped 
by  river  in  barges  to  Pittsburgh  or  Cincinnati.  In  the  fall  of  1SG5  the 
writer  shipped  2,000  tons  of  rails  for  the  Xashville  and  Chattanooga 
Railroad  (which  was  run  by  the  government  during  the  war)  from  the 
Brady's  Bend  mill  in  barges  down  the  Allegheny  and  the  Ohio  Rivers 
and  up  the  Cumberland  River  to  Nashville.  It  took  about  six  weeks 
to  reach  Nashville.  As  one  passes  East  Brady  Station  to-day  on  the 
Allegheny  Valley  Railroad  the  tall  stack  of  the  rolling  mill  is  visible 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  all  that  is  left  of  the  once  busy  town  of 
Br.ndy'8  Bend,  with  3,000  people.      [The  stack  was  torn  down  in  1903.] 

In  1853  the  Cambria  Iron  A^^orks  were  built  at  Johns- 
town, in  Cambria  County,  by  the  Cambria  Iron  Com- 
pany, expressly  to  roll  T  rails,  George  S.  King  being  the 
loading  member  of  the  company  and  the  originator  of  the 
enterprise.  Within  a  year  the  works  were  making  rails. 
Several  charcoal  and  coke  furnaces  were  connected  with 
these  works.  In  1856,  under  new  management,  they  made 
13,206  tons  of  rails,  and  their  production  was  afterwards 
increased.  For  almost  twenty-nine  years,  beginning  with 
1855,  Daniel  J.  Morrell,  who  died  in  1885,  was  the  suc- 
cessful general  manager  of  these  works.  In  1871,  through 
his  persistent  advocacy  of  steel  rails,  their  manufacture 
was  added  to  that  of  iron  rails,  in  which  branch  of  the 
steel  industry  these  w^orks  have  ever  since  been  prominent. 
John  Fritz,  the  distinguished  engineer,  is  entitled  to  the 
credit  of  having  made  the  manufacture  of  iron  rails  at 
these  w^orks  a  conspicuous  success,  accomplished  chiefly 
through  his  introduction  of  three-high  rolls  in  1857;  while 
his  brother,  George  Fritz,  also  distinguished  as  an  engineer, 
successfully  superintended  the  introduction  at  the  same 
works  of  the  Bessemer  process  and  the  manufacture  of 
Bessemer  steel  rails.  In  1898  the  works  were  leased  to  the 
Cambria  Steel  Company,  which  now  operates  them. 

In  1865  the  Superior  Iron  Company  built  the  Superior 


6  Iron  and  Steel  Hails  in  Western  Pennsylvania. 

Rolling  Mill  at  Manchester,  in  Allegheny  County,  to  mak^ 
iron  rails.  Connected  with  this  mill  were  two  coke  furnaces, 
built  in  1SG3.  The  company  operated  the  works  until  Sep- 
tember, 1867,  when  they  were  leased  by  Springer  Harbaugh. 
On  January  1, 1870,  Harbaugh,  Mathias  &  Owens  took  pos- 
session as  owners,  and  on  August  1,  1874,  they  failed,  when 
the  manufacture  of  rails  was  abandoned.  The  works  them- 
selyes  haye  long  been  abandoned  A  few  other  iron-rail 
mills  in  Western  Pennsylyania,  including  those  which  were 
equipped  for  the  manufacture  only  of  mine  rails  and  other 
light  rails,  need  not  be  mentioned.  Of  these  mills  those 
which  made  rails  of  heayy  sections  neyer  at  any  time  pro- 
duced any  considerable  tonnage.  It  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that 
Allegheny  County,  with  all  its  enterprise  in  the  manufacture 
of  iron  and  steel,  did  not  begin  to  make  rails  of  hea\y  sec- 
tions until  the  Superior  Eolling  Mill  was  built  in  1865. 

Iron  rails  are  not  now  made  in  Western  Pennsylyania, 
except  occasionally  a  yery  few  tons  of  light  rails  for  lum- 
ber and  mine  roads. 

The  Bessemer  process  for  the  manufacture  of  steel,  which 
has  giyen  us  the  steel  rail,  dates  from  1855,  in  which 
year  Henry  Bessemer,  of  England,  obtained  his  first  pat- 
ent for  this  process.  Other  patents  followed  in  1856,  but 
the  important  inyention  was  not  perfected  until  1857,  in 
which  year  Robert  Forester  Mushet,  also  of  England,  added 
his  essential  spiegeleisen  improyement.  In  1856  Mr.  Besse- 
mer obtained  patents  in  this  country  for  his  inyention, 
but  he  was  immediately  confronted  by  a  claim  of  priority 
of  invention  preferred  by  William  Kelly,  of  Eddyyille, 
Kentucky,  but  a  native  of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  which 
claim  was  approved  by  the  Commissioner  of  Patents.  Ex- 
periments were  made  with  Mr.  Kelly's  process  at  the 
Cambria  Iron  Works  in  1857  and  1858,  and  in  September, 
1864,  steel  was  successfully  made  by  this  process  at  experi- 
mental works  which  were  erected  at  Wyandotte,  Michigan, 
by  the  Kelly  Pneumatic  Process  Company,  of  which  Daniel 
J.  Morrell,  of  Johnstown,  and  William  M.  Lyon  and  James 


Iron  and  Steel  Rails  in  Western  Pennsylvania.  7 

Park,  Jr.,  of  Pittsburgh,  as  well  as  Mr.  Kelly,  all  Western 
Pennsjlvauians,  were  members.  Success,  however,  was  at- 
tained only  by  the  use  of  the  Mushet  improvement,  the  con- 
trol of  which  for  this  country  the  company  had  secured. 
In  February,  1865,  the  firm  of  Winslow%  Griswold  &,  Holley 
was  successful  at  Troy,  ISTew  York,  in  making  steel  by  the 
Bessemer  process  with  the  Mushet  improvement,  the  firm 
having  obtained  the  control  for  this  country  of  the  Besse- 
mer patents  but  not  the  right  to  use  the  Mushet  improve- 
ment. In  1866  the  ownership  of  all  the  above  patents 
was  consolidated,  and  soon  afterwards  the  manufacture  of 
Bessemer  steel  in  this  country  in  commercial  quantities  was 
commenced.  At  first  and  for  many  years  afterwards  only 
rails  were  made  from  Bessemer  steel,  and  to-day  nearly  all 
the  rails  that  are  in  use  in  this  country  were  so  made. 

Steel  rails  have  almost  entirely  supplanted  iron  rails  on 
American  railroads.  Poor's  3Lmual  of  the  Railroads  of  the 
United  States  for  1901  contains  a  statement  which  shows 
the  number  of  miles  of  steam  railroad  track,  exclusive  ot 
elevated  city  passenger  railway  tracks,  that  were  laid 
with  iron  and  steel  rails  respectively  in  each  year  from 
1880  to  1901.  In  1880  there  were  81,967  miles  laid  with 
iron  rails  and  33,680  miles,  or  29.1  per  cent.,  laid  with  steel 
rails.  In  1901  there  were  19,181  miles  laid  vrith  iron  rails 
and  246,811  miles,  or  92.7  per  cent.,  laid  with  steel  rails. 
In  both  years  side  tracks  and  double  tracks  are  included. 
The  length  of  the  steam  railroads  completed  in  the  United 
States  at  the  close  of  1901,  without  regard  to  the  number 
of  their  tracks,  and  excluding  all  elevated  city  passenger 
railways,  was  198,787  miles. 

Much  of  the  progress  of  this  country  in  the  manufacture 
of  Bessemer  steel  rails  has  been  due  to  the  enterprise  dis- 
played by  Andrew  Carnegie  at  the  Edgar  Thomson  Steel 
Works,  at  Braddock,  near  Pittsburgh,  the  site  of  Braddock's 
defeat  in  1755,  the  construction  of  which  works  was  un- 
dertaken in  1873  and  completed  in  1875  by  a  company  of 
which   Mr.  Carnegie  was  the  leading  spirit  and  of  which 


8  Iron  and  Steel  Rails  in  Western  Pennsylvania. 

his  brother,  Thomas  M.  Carnegie,  who  died  in  1886,  was  a 
member.  Andrew  Carnegie  was  the  leading  stockholder  in 
the  company.  These  works  were  built  expressly  to  make 
Bessemer  steel  rails.  The  iirst  Edgar  Thomson  steel  rail 
was  rolled  on  September  1,  1875.  At  first  only  a  Bessemer 
plant  and  a  rolling  mill  were  built,  but  in  1879  the  erec- 
tion of  large  blast  furnaces  was  commenced.  Until  these 
furnaces  were  built  the  Edgar  Thomson  steel  plant  was 
largely  sup[)lied  with  pig  iron  from  the  two  near-by  Lucy 
Furnaces,  built  respectively  in  1872  and  1877,  and  owned 
in  1875  and  subsequently  by  Carnegie  Brothers  &  Co. 

From  year  to  year  Mr.  Carnegie  steadily  increased  the 
capacity  of  the  Edgar  Thomson  "Works  and  thus  cheap- 
ened the  cost  of  producing  rails.  From,  the  first  he  had 
unbounded  faith  in  the  future  of  the  steel  rail ;  he  knew^ 
that  its  general  substitution  for  the  iron  rail  on  American 
railroads  was  sure  to  come  at  an  early  day.  He  foresaw 
this  evolution  and  fully  prepared  for  it  when  experienced 
manufacturers  and  even  many  railroad  ofiicials  continued 
to  praise  the  iron  rail.  Hence,  when  others  were  timid  or 
neglectful  of  their  opportunities,  he  introduced  at  the  Edgar 
Thomson  "Works  from  time  to  time  the  best  and  most 
economical  methods  of  manufacture ;  the  blast  furnaces  at 
these  works  were  the  best  in  the  country,  the  Bessemer 
converters  were  the  largest,  and  the  rail  mill  was  the  swift- 
est; so  that,  when  an  extraordinary  demand  for  steel  rails 
would  come,  as  it  often  did  come,  he  was  fully  prepared 
to  meet  it  and  at  a  lower  cost  than  that  of  his  competi- 
tors. He  had  business  foresight  in  an  eminent  degree ;  he 
had  unfaltering  courage ;  and  more  than  all  his  cotempo- 
raries  he  believed  in  tearing  out  and  making  a  scrap  heap 
of  even  modern  machinery  when  better  could  be  found. 
The  best  engineering  talent  in  the  country  was  engaged  to 
bring  the  Edgar  Thomson  Works  up  to  the  highest  possible 
state  of  efficiency. 

These  characteristics  were  again  illustrated  when  Mr. 
Carnegie  and  his  partners  in  the  firm  of  Carnegie,  Phipps 


Iron,  and  Sted  Bails  in  Western  Penns>jlrania.  9 

A"  Co.  succeeded  to  the  ownership  of  the  Iloiiicstead  Steel 
Works  in  1SS3,  and  again  in  1890  when  Carnegie  Brothers 
iV  Co.,  then  operating  the  Edgar  Thomson  Works,  succeeded 
to  the  ownership  of  the  Duquesne  Steel  Works,  with  the 
result  that  steel  in  other  forms  than  rails  has  been  greatly 
cheapened  to  all  consumers.  This  lowering  of  prices  was 
accomplished  through  the  use  of  the  best  mechanical  appli- 
ances and  the  production  of  the  largest  possible  tonnage. 
At  the  Edgar  Thomson  Works  Mr.  Carnegie  set  the  pace 
for  a  large  annual  tonnage  of  steel  rails,  and  this  policy  was 
afterwards  applied  to  the  production  of  pig  iron  and  other 
products.  His  American  competitors  were  soon  compelled 
to  abandon  their  conservative  ideas  and  to  enlarge  the 
capacity  and  increase  the  efficiency  of  their  works.  And 
lie  has  compelled  Europe  to  revise  in  a  large  measure  its 
metallurgical  practice  and  also  to  cheapen  its  prices  for 
all  steel  products.  It  has  freely  copied  the  devices  and 
processes  which  his  engineers,  with  his  encouragement,  had 
introduced  or  perfected.  Of  the  engineers  referred  to,  Mr. 
Carnegie's  first  superintendent  at  the  Edgar  Thomson  Steel 
Works,  Captain  William  R.  Jones,  whose  tragic  death  oc- 
curred in  1889,  is  entitled  to  special  mention.  To  these 
engineers  and  to  his  "  young  partners"  Mr.  Carnegie  has 
always  acknowledged  that  he  was  under  great  obligations. 

Mr.  Carnegie's  distinguished  and  remarkable  career  as 
an  iron  and  steel  manufacturer,  which  conspicuously  began 
on  the  threshold  of  the  fourth  quarter  of  the  nineteenth 
century,  when  the  Edgar  Thomson  Works  were  first  put  in 
operation,  although  he  had  pre\iously  been  identified  %vith 
our  iron  industry,  may  be  said  to  have  ended  immediately 
after  the  close  of  the  century,  in  February,  1901,  when  he 
transferred  the  ownership  of  all  the  iron  and  steel  proper- 
ties and  auxiliary  enterprises  in  which  he  had  a  control- 
ling proprietary  interest  to  the  United  States  Steel  Corpo- 
ration. Soon  afterwards,  in  1902,  he  was  chosen  president 
of  the  Iron  and  Steel  Institute,  whose  membership  is  not 
restricted  by  political  or  geographical  lines,  but  which  has 


10  Iron  and  Sled  Eails  in  Western  Penns>/lvania. 

its  home  in  Great  Britain,  and  he  presided  over  its  deliber- 
ations at  the  spring  and  autumn  sessions  of  1903,  at  Lon- 
don and  Barrow  respectively,  on  each  occasion  delivering  an 
address.  Mr.  Carnegie  was  the  first  American  to  receive 
this  honor.  Xo  higher  honor  can  be  conferred  upon  any 
iron  and  steel  manufacturer,  wherever  his  home  may  be, 
than  to  be  elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  Iron  and  Steel 
Institute. 

The  great  success  of  the  Edgar  Thomson  Steel  Works 
and  of  other  Bessemer  steel  plants  in  the  United  States 
led  to  the  erection  in  Allegheny  County  of  two  competing 
steel  works,  noticed  above :  the  Homestead  Steel  Works, 
which  were  completed  and  put  in  operation  in  1881,  and 
the  Duquesue  Steel  Works,  which  were  undertaken  in  1886 
and  put  in  operation  in  1889.  Both  these  works  were 
built  to  make  Bessemer  steel,  but,  while  the  Homestead 
Works  were  erected  to  make  miscellaneous  steel  products, 
including  rails,  the  Duquesne  Works  were  built  to  make 
rails  only.  The  Homestead  Works  rolled  their  first  steel 
rail  on  August  9,  1881,  and  the  Duquesne  Works  rolled 
their  first  steel  rail  in  March,  1889.  Down  to  their 
absorption  by  Carnegie,  Phipps  &  Co.  in  1883  the  Home- 
stead Works  rolled  in  all  about  125,000  tons  of  rails,  and 
down  to  their  absorption  by  Carnegie  Brothers  &,  Co.  in 
1890  the  Duquesne  Works  rolled  in  all  about  the  same 
number  of  tons,  all,  or  nearly  all,  of  the  rails  rolled  by 
both  w^orks  being  of  heavy  sections.  Since  the  changes 
in  ownership  above  noted  these  works  have  not  made 
many  rails.  The  Homestead  Works  have  not  made  any 
rails  since  1894  and  the  Duquesne  Works  have  not  made 
any  since  1892.  The  Homestead  Works  were  built  by  the 
Pittsburgh  Bessemer  Steel  Company  and  the  Duquesne 
Works  by  the  Allegheny  Bessemer  Steel  Company. 

The  prominence  of  Western  Pennsylvania  in  the  manu- 
facture of  steel  rails  to-day  is  best  shown  by  a  reference 
to  the  statistical  record.  In  1902  the  whole  country  made 
2,935,392  tons  of  Bessemer  steel  rails,  and  of  this   large 


Iron  and  Steel  Hails  in  We^lern  Penns>/lcania.  11 

production  "Western  Pennsylvania  made  950,266  tons,  or 
nearly  one-third  of  the  country's  total  production.  This 
large  tonnage  was  almost  entirely  rolled  at  the  two  works 
above  mentioned,  the  Edgar  Thomson  and  the  Cambria 
AVorks,  operated  respectively  by  the  Carnegie  Steel  Com- 
pany and  the  Cambria  Steel  Company,  less  than  three 
thousand  tons  having  been  rolled  by  the  Jones  &  Laughlin 
Steel  Company,  which  has  never  made  the  manufacture  of 
rails  a  leading  specialty. 

The  first  thirty-foot  rails  ever  rolled  in  this  country  are 
chiimed  to  have  been  rolled  at  the  Cambria  Iron  Works  in 
1855.  These  rails  were  perfectly  made,  but  there  being  no 
demand  for  them  they  were  used  in  the  company's  tracks. 
In  1876  these  works  rolled  the  largest  aggregate  tonnage 
of  rails  that  had  been  rolled  in  one  year  by  one  mill  in  this 
country  up  to  that  time.  Their  production  of  rails  in  that 
year  was  103,743  net  tons,  of  which  47,643  tons  were  iron 
rails  and  56,100  tons  were  steel  rails. 

The  first  sixty-foot  rails  ever  rolled  in  this  country  were 
rolled  at  the  Edgar  Thomson  Steel  TVorks  in  the  fall  of 
1875  and  were  made  of  steel.  At  the  Centennial  Exhibi- 
tion at  Philadelphia  in  1876  the  Edgar  Thomson  Steel 
Company  exhibited  a  steel  rail  which  at  that  time  was  the 
longest  steel  rail  that  had  ever  been  rolled.  It  was  120  feet 
long  and  weighed  62  pounds  to  the  yard. 


12  Journal  of  Lieutenant  Bobert  Parker,  1779. 


JOrRNAL    OF    LIEUTEXA^'T    EGBERT    PARKER,    OF 
THE   SECOND   COXTIXENTAL  ARTILLERY,  1779. 

CONTRIBUTED    BY    HON.    THOMAS    R.    BARD.  '' 

(Concluded  from  Vol.  XXVII.  page  420.) 

September  7ih. — Marched  at  9  o'clock,  the  kind  low  & 
very  rich,  the  woods  open.  Arrived  at  the  outlet  of  the 
lake,  about  3  o'clock,  P.  M.  Here  we  waited  until  5  gi^^ng 
time  for  Gen.  Hand  &,  Maxwell  to  arrive  at  the  Town  of 
Canadesaga,  which  they  did  bj  a  circuitous  march  &  by  dif- 
ferent Route,  judging  the  enemy  were  still  in  possession  of 
it — two  pieces  of  cannon  were  kept  in  the  rear  lest  an 
attack  should  be  made  on  that  quarter ;  we  then  crossed  the 
outlet  which  was  about  40  yards  wide  &  proceeded  round 
to  the  i^T.Yr.  Corner — our  march  was  detained  until  dark 
when  we  were  oblidged  to  drag  our  pieces  over  Logs, 
^forasses  &c,  and  arrived  at  the  town  about  10  o'clock, 
where  the  rest  of  the  army  were  encamped — Canaugoe  is 
situated  about  two  miles  from  the  lake  (&  three  from  the 
outlet)  on  a  rising  piece  of  ground  &  contained  about  fifty 
houses.  It  appears  to  be  a  very  old  settlement,  there  are 
a  great  number  of  apple  &  peach  trees  here,  which  w^e  cut 
down  &,  destroyed — a  great  quantity  of  corn  was  also  de- 
stroyed, Tliis  lake  is  called  Seneca  Lake,  &  is  about  36 
miles  long  &  from  3  to  6  wide — Exceedingly  beautiful  & 
aiFords  the  most  delightful  prospect.  The  banks  in  many 
places  are  high,  but  without  rocks,  the  land  on  each  side 
rising  gradually  &  exceeding  fertile  on  all  sides.  At  about 
8  miles  distance  on  the  East  side  lies  the  Cayuga  Lake, 
nearly  parallel,  of  the  same  dimensions,  tho'  not  quite  so 
beautiful.  The  waters  of  the  Seneca  lake,  falling  into  the 
Cayuga,  about  two  miles,  above  the  outlet  afterwards  makes 
part  of  the  Trois  Reveres  or  Three  Rivers — The  land  be- 


Journal  of  Lieutenant  Bobert  Parker,  1779.  13 

tween  these  lakes  near  the  head  is  pretty  high,  but  falls 
:,'radually  towards  the  outlet  into  a  flat  &  low  Country  all 
the  way  intersperced  with  purling  streams  and  well  calcu- 
lated for  every  species  of  Agriculture  &  no  doubt  but  it  will 
one  day  become  no  inconsiderable  part  of  the  western  em- 
pire— Dist,  to-day  13  miles — 

September  Sth. — Lay  by — a  Detachment  was  sent  about  6 
miles  up  the  Seneca  Lake,  where  they  destroyed  a  town  of 
about  twenty  houses.  Likewise  a  number  of  fruit  trees  & 
a  groat  quantity  of  corn,  in  the  evening  another  detach- 
ment was  sent  to  assist  in  destropng  the  corn  &c — 

S(-ptL)nber  9th. — This  morning  all  the  sick  k.  invalids  were 
eent  back  to  the  garrison  at  Tioga — Marched  at  12  o'clock, 
the  road  continued  good  and  pretty  clear  for  3  miles — then 
we  entered  into  a  very  thick  and  deep  swamp  that  con- 
tinued the  remainder  of  the  day.  Encamped  on  an  emi- 
nence, that  was  clear  of  timber  &  filled  with  high  grass — 
Dist.  7  miles — 

September  10th. — ^larched  at  9  o'clock,  the  swamp  con- 
tinued for  5  miles  further,  then  we  entered  into  an  open 
country,  that  was  free  from  timber  &  plenty  of  grass — next 
we  came  to  the  side  of  a  lake  that  appeared  to  be  10  or  12 
miles  long  &  IJ  wide  but  very  shallow — ^ye  then  proceeded 
along  the  east  side  of  it,  about  a  mile  to  the  N.  end  where 
we  crossed  the  outlet  that  made  a  considerable  brook — 
about  from  this  outlet  we  entered  the  Town  of  Veruneu- 
daga  which  contained  about  thirty  Houses,  very  good  and 
lately  built — these  we  immediately  burnt  &  then  encamped 
about  a  mile  from  there  near  several  cornfields,  which  we 
likewise  destroyed — Dist.  12  miles. 

September  11th. — Marched  at  6  o'clock,  the  land  low  but 
very  thick  of  young  timber  for  3  miles.  Then  we  asscended 
some  rising  ground  that  was  clear  of  timber  in  many 
places  &  full  of  grass — passed  several  deep  hollows,  next  we 
descended  a  long  hill,  passed  through  a  meadow  &  crossed 
a  brook  which  we  supposed  came  out  of  a  lake  at  some  dis- 
tance on  our  left,  the  land  continued  pretty  clear.     Arrived 


14  Journal  of  Lieutenant  Robert  Porter,  1779. 

at  Eannanyaveu  about  4  o'clock.  There  was  an  old  town 
that  confmnod  a  number  of  bouses.  This  place  is  situated 
on  a  large  plain  between  two  lakes-hero  was  also  a  num- 
ber of  fruit  trees  &  a  large  cornfield— Dist.  13i  miles 

Scptemher  7^M._Rai„  in  the  morning  p;evented  our 
marchmg  unt.1 12_we  then  drew  4  days  provision  &  leavin. 
one  p.eee  ot  artillery,  all  our  Baggage,  pack  horsed 
dnvers  &  Invalids  proceeded.  Crossed  th:  ;uf;et  of  a  lak^' 
that  appeared  to  be  about  5  miles  Ion?  k  \  broad-  en 
camped  at  sunset  in  the  woods,  dist.  10  miles  " 

September  75rt.-Marehed  at  6  o'clock,  the  mornin<.  very 
cold   n,  about  3  miles  we  arrived  at  a  small  Town,  siuuted 
m  a  large  plain  called  Egitsa,  here  was  a  great  quantity  of 
corn  &c-At  this  place  we  halted  until  10,  in  order  to  de- 
stroy the  corn  &  build  a  bridge  over  a  brook  &  morass  about 
half  a  mile  in  front  k  otherwise  impassible,  previous  to 
which  Lieut  Boyd  (of  the  Rifle  corps)  was  Jetached  with 
25  men  to  a  town  about  6  miles  further,  where  he  arrived 
about  daylight  this  morning-here  he  killed  &  scalped  an 
Indian  &  wounded  another-.hen  returned  towards  camp, 
after  having  made  all  the  discoveries  he  could.     After  they 
had  trave  led  about  2  miles  they  agreed  to  lay  by  A  wail 
the  arrival  of  the  army,  but  in  the  meantime  sent  t,vo  of 
the  party  to  carry  the  Intelligence  to  the  General.     After 
tt  "t^K f  *T"''  ^^-'-™i'e.they  saw  Indians  on 

ba  -k  f  the  1'  r'"°  "'"*  *^y  imn^ediately  retired 

back  to  their  mam  body,  they  then  all  set  out  in  order  to 
return  to  the  main  army  &  if  possible  to  come  across  the  five 
Indians ;  after  they  had  got  within  about  a  [?]  of  the  army 
fteysawanotherlndian,  whom  they  killed Vscalped  hke- 
w^e,  but  before  done,  they  were  all  at  once  surrounded  by 
a  arge  body  of  Indians-Eleven  of  the  party  have  returned"^ 
L,eu.  Boyd  with  the  remainder  have  not  yet  returned,  &  i 
la  to  be  feared  have  fell  a  sacrifice  to  their  barbarity-Upon 
hearing  the  firing  the  light  Infantry  were  immediately ^or- 
deredto  reinforce;  after  this  the  bridge  being  completed 
the  army  marched  over  the  morass  &  asseended  a  very  high 


Journal  of  Lieutenant  Fobcrt  Parker,  1779.  15 

hill.  Just  as  our  advance  parties  k  Eiglit  flunk  were  at  the 
top  of  the  hill,  they  discovered  the  Indians  retreating, 
which  they  did  with  such  precipitation  as  to  leave  the 
greatest  part  of  their  knapsacks  &  baggage  behind,  which 
fell  into  the  hands  of  our  men — On  this  hill  we  found  the 
bodies  of  four  of  our  men,  that  had  been  butchered  by  the 
enemy.  ^NlcLodge,  the  Surveyor,  &  his  party  hax-ing  ad- 
vanced some  distance  in  front  of  the  army  were  tired  at  & 
one  of  the  party  shot  through  the  body,  who  died  the  next 
morning.  We  then  proceeded  on  through  an  exceeding 
hi<^h  country  to  Cassawalaughlin  about  6  miles ;  on  our 
arrival  there  we  expected  to  meet  the  enemy.  Accordingly 
we  drew  up  in  front  of  the  town  with  our  artillery  where 
we  halted  some  time,  expecting  to  see  the  enemy  with  our 
ri"-ht  &  left  wrings  on  the  flanks  k  after  some  time  advanced 
into  the  town,  which  we  found  evacuated ;  fired  three  can- 
non, pitched  our  tents  k  lay  till  morning — dist.  9  miles. 

September  14.th. — Got  up  at  3  o'clock  k  lay  upon  our  arms 
until  day  in  order  to  prevent  a  surprize.  Large  parties  were 
detached  to  cut  down  the  corn  kc.  Marched  at  12  o'clock, 
crossed  a  large  brook  near  the  town,  then  entered  into  a 
most  beautiful  &  -extensive  plain,  which  afforded  an  un- 
bounded prospect ;  here  was  almost  a  perfect  level  &  nothing 
to  obstruct  the  sight  but  a  few  spreading  Oaks  beautifully 
Intersperced  &  plenty  of  grass  that  grew  spontaneous  on 
every  part  k  full  six  feet  high.  This  plain  is  called  the 
great  Genesee  plains  k  where  we  cross  it  was  about  3  miles 
wide  k  runs  to  a  great  length.  Xear  the  west  side  runs  the 
Seneca  River  about  80  yards  wide  &  is  a  most  beautiful 
plain.  We  then  crossed  it  &  proceeded  by  a  X.  course  to 
the  Genesee  Town,  w^hich  is  about  3  miles  down  the  river, 
&  entered  it  about  5  o'clock ;  found  it  also  evacuated.  This 
town  is  situated  near  the  river  on  a  large  fruitful  plain  k 
contained  about  eighty  houses,  some  of  which  were  very 
good.  At  this  place  we  found  the  bodies  of  Lieut.  Boyd 
and  another,  (mentioned  yesterday)  in  a  putrified  &  man- 
gled condition.     Lieut.  Boyd  was  found  with  his  head  cut 


16  Journal  of  Lieutenant  Robert  Parker,  1779. 

ofi'  &  skinned  all  over,  his  eves  torn  out,  his  nails  pulled 
off,  his  body  bruised  k  beat  all  over,  &  every  other  cruelty 
exercised  upon  him  that  malice  &  savage  barbarity  could 
invent,  some  of  which  are  too  shocking  to  relate.  The 
greatest  part  of  their  cruelties  appears  to  have  beeu  com- 
mitted upon  him  while  he  was  alive,  in  order  to  heighten 
his  misery  k  satisfy  their  revenge.  Thus  died  a  good  citi- 
zen, an  agreeable  friend  &  a  gallant  soldier — Inspired  with 
every  Ileroe's  \"irtue  he  fell  a  victim  to  their  savage  bar- 
barity in  defence  of  the  injured  rights  of  mankind.  At 
dark  he  was  inter'd  with  the  Honors  of  war  &c. — Dist.  to- 
day, 5  miles, 

September  loth. — At  6  o'clock  the  whole  army  was  ordered 
to  destroy  the  corn,  which  grew  in  amazing  quantities  in 
this  place,  with  almost  every  kind  of  vegetables — which  we 
entirely  destroyed,  first  by  collecting  it  &  carrying  it  to  the 
Houses,  which  we  filled  &  then  set  on  fire,  &  gathering  large 
quantities  of  wood,  mixed  the  corn  with  it  in  a  pile  &  burnt 
it  to  ashes.  At  12  we  finished  the  destruction  of  the  corn 
&  likewise  the  business  of  the  Expedition,  when  receiving 
the  General's  thanks,  we  set  out  on  our  return.  At  3  we 
began  our  march  almost  in  the  same  order  reversed  that 
we  advanced  in  when  repassing  the  river  at  same  place  we 
passed  it  the  day  before,  entered  on  the  plain  and  encamped 
on  the  Little  Genesee. 

September  16th. — Thus  had  we  advanced  140  miles  in  the 
Enemy's  country  from  Tioga  and  carried  fire,  sword  and 
destruction  in  every  part,  that  we  could  possibly  find  out  or 
approach,  in  the  prosecution  of  which,  we  had  to  encounter 
many  and  almost  insurmountable  ditiiculties,  such  as  forcing 
a  march  all  the  way,  cutting  a  Road  for  the  Artillery,  in 
many  places  a  continued  swamp  for  several  miles,  want  ot 
provisions,  hard  marches,  and  fatigue. 

But  here  let  us  leave  the  busy  army  for  a  moment  and 
suffer  our  imaginations  to  Run  at  large  through  these  de- 
lightful wilds,  &  figure  to  ourselves  the  opening  prospects 
of  future  greatness  which  we  may  reasonably  suppose  is  not 


Journal  of  Lkutcnant  Robert  Parker,  1779.  17 

far  distant,  &  that  we  may  yet  behold  with  a  pleasing  admi- 
ration those  deserts  that  have  so  long  been  the  habitation  of 
beasts  of  prey  &  a  safe  asylum  for  our  savage  enemies,  con- 
verted into  fruitful  fields,  covered  with  all  the  richest  pro- 
ductions of  agriculture,  amply  rewarding  the  industrious 
husbandman  by  a  golden  harvest;  the  spacious  plains 
abounding  with  flocks  &  herds  to  supply  his  necessary 
wants.  These  Lakes  k  Rivers  that  have  for  ages  past 
rolled  in  sacred  silence  along  their  wonted  course,  unknown 
to  Christian  nations,  produce  spacious  cities  &  guilded  spires, 
rising  on  their  banks,  affording  a  safe  retreat  for  the  vir- 
tuous few  that  disdains  to  live  in  affluence  at  the  expense 
of  their  liberties.  The  fish  too,  that  have  so  long  enjoyed 
a  peaceful  habitation  in  these  transparent  regions,  may  yet 
become  subservient  to  the  inhabitants  of  this  delightful 
country. 

Large  detachments  were  sent  out  early  this  morning  to 
destroy  the  remainder  of  the  corn.  Marched  at  12  o'clock, 
Repassed  the  Little  Genesee  River,  where  we  halted  until 
the  whole  army  crossed,  then  proceeding  by  the  same  route 
we  had  advanced,  found  the  bodies  of  14  of  the  party  men- 
tioned the  13th  inst.  They  were  all  found,  tomahawked 
scalped  &  butchered  in  the  most  cruel  manner ;  buried  them, 
halted  at  Egitsa  (mentioned  the  13th),  to  destroy  the  re- 
mainder of  the  corn,  encamped  there  &c. 

September  17th. — Marched  at  6  o'clock,  passed  the  en- 
campment &  lake  mentioned  the  12th  Inst,  Arrived  at 
Kennagaugus,  where  we  found  our  baggage  &  provisions 
safe,  which  gave  us  great  satisfaction,  as  we  were  under  ap- 
prehensions that  the  enemy  might  take  advantage  of  the 
weakness  of  the  garrison  &  attempt  to  take  possession  of  it, 
encamped  there. 

September  18th. — The  General  ordered  us  to  be  up  at  5  but 
the  great  deficiency  of  Pack  horses  prevented  our  marching 
until  7,  met  by  two  Indians  from  Fort  Schuyler,  passed 
Keunandaga  &  encamped  on  the  bank  of  the  lake  men- 
tioned on  the  11th  inst. 

VOL.  XXVIII. — 2 


18  Journal  of  Lieutenant  Robert  Parker,  1779, 

September  19th. — ^[arched  at  9,  passed  the  encampment 
of  the  9th  &  the  swamp,  encamped  at  Canasago  about  sun- 
set— Dist.  16  miles.  This  day  we  were  met  by  three  men, 
who  came  express  from  Tioga,  with  dispatches  for  the 
General,  they  likewise  gave  acc'ts  that  there  was  plenty  of 
provisions  at  that  place,  &  that  they  had  sent  a  quantity  up 
the  Kiver  as  far  as  Xewtown. 

September  20th. — A  detachment  of  100  men  &  the  com- 
mand being  ordered  to  force  a  march  to  Fort  Schuyler,  I 
agreed  to  go  with  them  k  accordingly  we  set  out  at  3  o'clock 
P.M.,  leaving  the  army  encamped  passed  the  end  of  the 
Seneca  Lake  to  the  outlet  at  the  place  we  had  crossed  as  we 
advanced,  then  proceeding  down  the  river  encamped  at 
Scharoyos.  This  has  been  an  Indian  village  &  contained 
about  twenty  houses,  which  were  burnt  previous  to  our 
coming  by  a  detachment  of  the  army,  it  is  situated  on  the 
bank  of  the  Seneca  outlet  which  at  this  place  forms  a  beau- 
tiful River  of  about  50  yards  vdde.  Here  we  got  plenty  of 
vegetables  of  almost  every  kind,  potatoes  in  particular,  &  as 
we  had  now  plenty  of  fresh  beef  &  flour  with  us,  we  made 
an  elegant  repast,  such  as  for  a  long  time  before  we  had 
been  strangers  to.  About  dark  Coll.  Butler  arrived  with  a 
detachment  of  600  men  on  an  Expedition  against  the 
Cayuga  settlements — dist.  9  miles. 

Septembei^  21st. — Marched  at  sunrise,  the  country  open  & 
free  from  hills  &  withal  very  fertile  for  6  miles — then  we 
crossed  some  low  land  &  deep  swamps,  arrived  at  the 
Cayuga  lake,  10  o'clock,  dist.  10  miles.  Crossed  the 
mouth  of  the  lake,  which  was  about  400  yards  wide  &  in 
most  places  4  feet  deep  w^ith,  at  least,  a  foot  of  mud  in  the 
bottom,  then  proceeding  about  a  mile  up  the  lake  struck 
off  near  a  K  E.  corner.  The  country  continued  open  for 
10  miles  &  the  timber  cliiefly  oak,  then  we  entered  thick 
beech  and  Elm  land,  crossed  the  outlet  of  it  &  encamped 
on  the  bank.  This  lake  is  about  a  mile  &  a  half  in  width 
and  the  length  uncertain, — some  say  30  miles, — there  is  a 
beautiful  beach  here  of  a  great  extent,  the  outlet  forms  a 


Journal  of  Lieutenant  Robert  Parker,  1779.  19 

considerable  stream  of  a  gentle  descent.  Dist.  to-day  30 
miles. 

S^ytember  22d. — Marched  at  sunrise.  The  land  &  timber 
the  same  as  yesterday.  Arrived  at  the  outlet  of  a  lake, 
that  appeared  nearly  of  the  same  dimensions  of  the  TVasco, 
halted  a  few  minutes  &  then  descended  into  a  very  deep 
valley,  where  there  was  a  considerable  brook,  then  as- 
cended a  very  high  hill,  &  the  land  &  woods  nearly  the 
same  as  before.  Arrived  at  Onandaga  about  sunset ;  this  was 
the  capital  of  the  Onandaga  nation  &  was  destroyed  last 
Spring  by  a  detachment  of  our  array  from  Fort  Schuyler, 
uiHier  the  command  of  Coll.  Vanschaick — Dist.  30  miles. 

H'litrml'er  23d. — Marched  a  little  after  sunrise,  crossed  the 
Onandaga  Kiver  k  ascended  the  hill ;  The  woods  continued 
ojicn  for  five  miles.  Our  advance  parties  discovered  two 
Indians  on  the  path  before  them,  who  immediately  fled  & 
left  one  of  their  packs.  The  woods  then  was  thick,  &  the 
land  very  good  in  most  places  &  filled  with  a  number  of 
crystal  rivulets,  halted  at  Sunken  Spring  in  the  road. 
Arrived  at  Canaseraga,  a  handsome  village  k  Capital  of  the 
Tuscarora  Tribe — The  Inhabitants  appear  very  hospitable  & 
presented  us  with  boiled  corn  k  eels,  with  every  other 
thing  their  town  afiorded,  they  likewise  congratulated  us 
on  the  success  of  our  arms  &  insisted  on  our  tarrying  with 
them  all  night.  After  staying  with  them  sometime,  we 
marched  about  six  miles  further  &  encamped  in  an  old 
field.     Dist.  31  miles. 

September  2^th. — Marched  at  sunrise,  the  land  very  good. 
Arrived  at  the  Oneida  Castle,  about  9  o'clock,  the  inhab- 
itants received  us  very  kindly,  made  a  genteel  apology  for 
tlieir  not  being  apprised  of  our  coming  and  also  congratu- 
lated us  on  our  success.  Halted  a  short  time  k  then  marched 
for  Fort  Schuyler,  where  we  arrived  at  3  o'clock,  met  with 
a  genteel  reception  from  the  garrisons — dist.  26  miles.  This 
18  a  regular  work  with  four  Bastions,  in  which  are  several 
pieces  of  cannon,  is  beautifully  situated  about  400  yards 
from  the  Mohawk  River  on  the  west  side,  the  wall  is  high, 


20  Journal  of  Lieutenant  Robert  Parker,  1779. 

the  ditch  \\nde  &  well  picketed,  a  strong  gate  &  draw-bridge 
with  one  sally  port,  it  was  built  by  Stanwix,  last  war,  but 
is  now  greatly  improved  &  has  changed  its  name  to  Fort 
Schuyler,  fomous  for  the  noble  defence  that  was  made  in  it 
by  Col.  Gansewoort  in  1777.  At  present  it  is  garrisoned 
by  the  First  X.  York  Regt.  under  the,  command  of  Col.  Van 
Dyke. 

Se])tembcr  25th. — ^larched  at  4  o'clock  P.M.,  ha^dng  de- 
tached an  othcer  \y\i\\  some  men  in  two  batteaux,  which 
contained  our  baggage  and  provisions,  ^vith  orders  to  meet 
us  in  the  evening  at  our  encampment.  The  roads  muddy, 
passed  the  place  where  Gen.  Herkimer's  battle  happened ; 
the  skulls  &  bones  of  many  of  the  unfortunate  xictims  are 
still  to  be  found.  Encamped  at  Arisca — the  extreme  dry 
season  prevented  our  boats  from  arriving.  Rain  in  the 
evening — dist.  8  miles. 

September  26(h.. — Marched  before  sunrise.  Crossed  the 
Eiver  at  old  Fort  Schuyler,  dist.  8  miles,  then  we  arrived 
near  Germantow^l — here  was  the  first  inhabitants  we  had 
seen  for  three  months — the  people  very  inhospitable — ar- 
rived at  Fort  Dayton  on  the  beautiful  German  Flats — then 
proceeded  over  the  River  to  Fort  Hackeman  (about  a 
mile),  where  we  were  well  received  by  Colonel  Van  Rensse- 
lear,  Comd.  of  the  Garrisons,  where  we  tarried  all  night. 

Septembo'  27th. — Marched  at  9  o'clock,  (having  pre\dously 
detached  some  men  in  batteaux  to  carry  off  the  remainder 
of  the  Mohawk  tribe  that  lived  on  Schohare  Creek),  sent 
our  baggage  in  batteaux.  Crossed  the  River  at  Col.  Clock's, 
a  little  rain,  lodged  at  Col.  Wormwood's. 

September'  28th. — Rain  in  the  morning.  Marched  at  8 
o'clock.  Arrived  at  the  old  Fort  at  Johnston  Hall  at  sunset, 
dist.  26  miles. 

September  29th. — Marched  at  8  o'clock — Arrived  at  Schan- 
ectady  at  1  o'clock — Arrived  in  Albany  at  dark,  very  dirty 
and  tired,  dist.  39  miles. 

Remained  in  Albany  until  the  7th  of  October,  when  we 
shipped  our  Baggage  on  board  a  sloop  bound   for  iSTew 


Journal  of  Lkutcnant  Bc^crt  Parker,  1779.  21 

Windsor,  then  set  out  in  company  with  Capt.  Machin — 
Rode  to  Conines,  where  we  lodged,  dist.  20  miles. 

0.-(ober  Sth. — Continued  our  journey,  arrived  in  Esopus  at 
tiunset,  from  there  we  went  to  "  Green  Hill"  where  we 
lodged — dist.  44  miles. 

G-(obcT  9th. — Lay  by  to  day — Treated  very  politely  by  the 

family. 

October  10th. — Set  out  this  morning  towards  ^ew  Wind- 
sor, parted  \\\l\v  Capt.  Machin,  arrived  at  Little  Britain. 

Ckioher  11th. — Set  out  for  Xew  AVindsor,  where  I  met 
jH»me  gentlemen  of  our  party,  with  whom  I  went  for  orders 
to  Head  Quarters  at  West  Point.  Returned  in  the  evening, 
hard  r.Vm. 

Qt'Jnr  12th. — Encamped  with  the  detachment  of  artillery 
that  was  encamped  there,  who  treated  me  very  politely. 

October  loth. — Saw  several  Gentlemen  from  Gen.  Sulli- 
van's Army. 

October  16th  .{-  17th. — Nothing  material  happened. 

October  18th. — Went  to  tlie  Park  at  Chester,  staid  there 
two  days  &  then  returned. 

October  27th. — Xothing  worthy  of  notice  happened  until 
the  27th,  when  I  went  to  West  Point,  where  I  saw  a  number 
of  old  acquaintances,  staid  there  two  days  &  then  returned. 

O-'tober  30th. — Received  a  number  of  letters  from  several 
gentlemen  arrived  from  diiFerent  parts — Ordered  to  hold, 
ourselves  in  readiness  to  join  our  corps. 

October  31st. — Waited  for  further  orders. 

November  7th. — Set  out  for  Xew  Windsor  with  our 
baggage,  in  company  with  Capt.  Machin  &  St.  Cebra  (the 
detachment  from  the  York  line  having  marched  the  day 
before  to  join  the  western  army  in  the  Clove),  lodged  in 
the  Clove.  Met  Capt.  Porter  who  informed  us  the  army 
had  marched  for  Pompton. 

November  Sth. — Marched  at  9  o'clock,  lodged  near  Ring- 
wood,  dist.  22  miles. 

November  9th. — Marched  at  10,  arrived  at  Pompton  about 
1  o'clock  P.M.,  where  we  found  the  army. 


22  Joimial  of  Lieutenant  Robert  Parker,  1779.      -••■ 

November  10th. — Lay  by;  in  the  afternoon  we  shifted 
our  ground  &  encamped  in  the  woods,  very  cold  in  the 
evening, 

November  1.2th. — The  army  put  on  half  allowance  of  flour. 

November  loth. — Capt.  McClure  arrived  from  Head  Quar- 
ters. 

Received  at  Pomptou  of  Lieut.  Robt.  Parker,  our  pay  for 
the  months  of  May,  June,  July  k  August  last: 

dolls 


Michal  Royall,  Sergt. 

.     40 

Archd.  McFair,  Sergt.       . 

.     40 

John  Kelly,  Bomb'r, 

.     36 

John  Johnston,  " 

.     36 

John  McGreiTor,  Sergt.     . 

.     40 

Arthur  Gillas,  . 

.     33  1/3 

George  Stewart, 

.     33  1/3 

Saml,  Laughlan, 

.     33  1/3 

lac,  Bennington, 

.     33  1/3 

Jas.  Ryburn,     . 

.     33  1/3 

John  Mark, 

.     33  1/3 

Robert  Jeff,      . 

.     33  1/3 

Alex.  Martin,   . 

.     33  1/3 

Reuben  Benjon, 

.     33  1/3 

Benj.  Phipps,   . 

.     33  1/3 

Jas.  Wilson, 

.     33  1/3 

John  Dunn, 

.     33  1/3 

Received  at  Pompton  of  Lieut.  Parker,  the  sums  annexed 
to  our  names  as  part  of  our  pay  &  subsistence  for  the 
months  of  May  June  July  &  August  last : 

Andrew  Porter,  Capt.  Art'y, .         .         .     348  2/3 


Jas.  McClure,  Capt.  Lieut.  Art'y, 
Ezra  Patterson, 
Ezekiel  Howell,     . 
Robt.  Parker,  Lieut. 


207  2/3 
207  2/3 
207  2/3 
207  2/3 


November  17th. — Capt.  Porter  returned  from  Head  Quai 
ters. 


Journal  of  Lieutenant  Robert  Parker,  1770.  23 

S<K(.rd>er  19th. — Capt.  Porter  set  out  for  Philadelphia; 
orilerod  to  hold  ourselves  in  readiness  to  march. 

Xu-cmber  22d. — No  Hour  to  be  had  for  the  Troops. 

yovember  24.th. — Marched  at  2  o'clock.  Encamped  on 
Pompton  plains,  near  the  Church,  dist.  6  miles. 

Xortinber  25th. — Marched  at  8  o'clock.  The  roads  verj 
bad  k  the  Nveather  cold,  encamped  near  Hanover,  dist.  14 
milctJ. 

November  26th. — I  went  to  Morris  Towti  ;  about  11  o'clock 
it  began  to  snow  &  continued  all  day,  at  night  it  cleared  up 
very  cold. 

Suvciaber  30th. — The  First  Maryland  Brigade  arrived 
to  day. 

Dtirmber  1st. — His  Excellency  arrived  at  Morristo\\Ti  to 
day ;  very  severe  storm  of  hail  &  snow  all  day. 

Dicembcr  Sd. — This  morning  we  marched  through  Mor- 
ri?town  k  encamped  near  Kembles.  Great  part  of  the  Army 
arrived  to  day. 

Divonber  4-th. — Marched  back  within  two  miles  of  Morris- 
t.nvn  k  encamped  there;  the  army  continued  to  move  to 
their  ground. 

Dceember  5th. — Snow  all  day  and  the  weather  very  cold. 

December  6th. — ^larched  this  morning  to  Morristowu  & 
joined  the  Grand  Park,  which  lay  about  a  mile  west  of  that 
place — encamped  there,  the  snow  knee  deep  &  the  weather 
very  cold. 

Head  Quarters — New  "Win-dsor 

Jan'y  Ist  1781 
The  non  Commissioned  Officers  &  Matrosses  of  the  Inde- 
pendent Companies  of  Artillery,  lately  commanded  by 
Capt.  Coran,  are  to  be  added  to,  &  incorporated  with  the 
company  lately  commanded  by  Capt.  Porter  now  in  the  2d 
Reg't  of  Artillery — And  the  non  Commissioned  Officers  & 
Matrosses  of  the  Company  Commanded  by  Capt.  Freeman, 
are  to  be  added  to  &  incorporated  vrith.  Capt.  Simonda' 
Company  in  said  Reg't.  Capt  Porter's  and  Capt  Simonda' 
Companies  are  to  be  levelled  with  the  men  of  the  two  com- 


tor' 


24  Journal  of  Lieutenant  Robert  Parker,  1779. 

panies  which  are  incorporated  with  them  &  being  raised  by 
Pennsylvania,  are  to  be  added  to  Coll.  Proctor^'s  Pe^'t  of 
Artillery.  ° 

The  Officers  of  the  two  Companies  com'd.  by  Capt.  Por- 
ter k  Capt.  Simonds,  are  to  be  arraingned  in  Col.  Proct( 
Regt.  agreeable  to  the  rank  they  now  hold. 

Comucallis'  Soliloquy} 

Indulgent  Fortune,  by  whose  hand, 
I've  led  mv  chosen  British  band 
To  conquest,  through  all  war's  alarms. 
And  victory,  hovering  round  my  arms  ; 
Of  my  success,  Great  Britain  rung, 
And  echoed  with  the  feats  I'd  done. 
Ambitious,  whou'd  excel  in  praise 
They  offer  up  their  tuneful  lays. 

Successive  I  had  roli'd  along 
While  British  bards  repeat  the  song 
^  But  wild  ambition  fired  my  breast. 
And  dreams  of  honor  broke  my  rest ; 
With  pompous  speech  &  great  parade, 
Some  converts  to  my  arms  I  made 
But  dire  distress  I  kept  for  th(^e 
Who  dare  my  vig'rous  arms  oppose. 

But  now,  alas  I  all  joys  are  fled, 
And  laurel  wreaths  that  crowned  my  head. 
Their  native  hue  have  quickly  lost, 
While  I'm  on  Fortune's  billows  tossed  ; 
York's  narrow  sphere  points  to  my  bounds 
Contracted  lines  describe  my  rounds. 
United  arms  ray  works  oppose 
While  raging  fire  my  bosom  glows. 

Mark !  how  in  circling  eddies  rise,     • 
The  smoke  sulphurious  to  the  skies. 
Hark  !  how  the  cannon  shakes  the  pole 
And  speaks  loud  terror  to  my  soul  ; 


'  Composed  by  Lieutenant  Robert  Parker,  who  witnessed  the  surrender 
of  Cornwalhs's  army  to  the  American  army. 


Journal  of  Lieutenant  Robert  Parker,  1779.  25 

See  yonder  shot  spread  carnage  round, 
And  angry  shells  tear  up  the  ground, 
Bellona's  thunder  sounds  afar. 
Ye  Gods  !  are  these  the  scenes  of  war  ? 

Such  toils  as  these  I  can't  endure, 
My  cause  no  longer  is  secure, 
I'll  straight  resign  my  tarnished  arms, 
Nor  wait  another  night's  alarms  ; 
Safe  from  the  terrors  of  a  storm. 
Or  fierce  assault  of  rising  morn, 
Quickly  embark  for  Albion's  shore 
Nor  ever  drea.m  of  conquest  more. 


26     Letters  from  Letter-Book  of  Richard  Ilocklej,  1739-1 710. 


SELECTED    LETTERS    FEOM    THE   LETTER-BOOK    OF 
RICHARD  HOCKLEY,  OF  PHILADELPHLl,  1739-1742. 

(Concluded  from  Vol.  XXVIL  page  435.) 

PiilLADA  July  9'^  1742 

M«  Tiio^  Hyam     -^ 
Sir 

This  is  to  desire  you  ^vill  insure  on  the  Value  of  £350 
this  Currancey  for  some  flower  that  will  be  Shipt  in  a  few 
days  on  board  y'  Snow  George  Cap'  Joseph  Falkner  bound 
to  Jamaica  on  Acco*  of  tlie  Proprietors.  The  Vessel  I  expect 
\Ndll  Sail  y'  Latter  end  of  this  month,  at  Farthest. 

I  reced  a  Letter  last  week  from  John  "Watson  who  in- 
form's  me  has  remitted  Some  Small  matter  to  you  on  my 
acco'  last  Februa-''  and  expected  to  remitt  the  Ballance  in  a 
Short  time  due  to  me  from  him,  whatever  you  may  receive 
from  him  on  my  acco'  which  ^^'ill  be  but  trifling  I  must  begg 
you  will  pay  unto  Mess"  Dawson  &  Samuel  without  any 
further  order  as  I  am  indebted  to  them  for  Goods  &  please 
to  favour  me  ^\'ith  an  ace'  of  it.  Wq  have  the  Greatest 
Crop  this  year  that  has  Ever  been  known  and  Abundance 
of  the  old  Crop  Left  so  that  'tis  expected  wheat  and  flower 
■\vill  be  very  low  this  Fall,  wheat  at  Present  is  at  -4  S. 
Flower  at  11/6  as  theres  a  Little  Demand  for  it  in  Jamaica 
and  Little  brought  to  Town  it  being  now  the  heighth  of  the 
harvest,  but  when  thats  over  it  will  fall  very  Considerably 
whenever  there's  a  prospect  of  Advantage  in  making  any 
remittances  in  our  Produce  on  the  Proprietors  ace'  I  hope 
you  will  keep  M""  Lardner  or  my  Self  advis'd  of  it.  Ex- 
change is  now  at  60  and  65.  I  hope  this  will  find  you 
■with  M"  Hyam  and  your  family  in  perfect  Health  to  whom 
please  to  pay  my  Compliments.  I  have  sent  M"^  Hyam  two 
Dryed  rattle  Snakes '  pack'd  up  in  a  box  sent  to  the  Pro- 


IxiUrs  from  Lf'Jtr-Book  of  Hichard  RocUey,  1739-17^2.    27 

priot'^r  with  Some  things  belonging  to  him  ^vhicli  I  begg 
Ji«  r  acoopUince  oti'  tliey  are  Very  Scarce  at  present  y*  Season 
for  them  being  not  yet  Come  in,  they  must  be  pounded  in  a 
ui'Ttor  k  you  may  mix  them  Either  with  wdne  or  Eum, 
Snaking  it  two  or  three  times  a  day  for  four  or  five  days 
together  then  tis  lit  for  use.  She  is  ah-eady  acquainted 
with  their  Yahiable  Qalitys.  I  am  with  regard  S'  y'  Ob** 
llmnb*  Servant 

RlCH°    IIOCKLEY. 


Philada  July  10'"  1742 

Two'  Pexn  Esq« 
D"  Sir 

Above  is  copy  of  my  hast  and  on  y»  5""  Instant  recedyour 
Very  kind  letter  which  gave  me  great  pleasure  and  am  very 
glad  to  hear  of  M"  Penns  recovery  and  of  y*  health  of  the 
rest  of  the  Family  which  Ace'  will  be  always  most  pleasing 
of  any  I  can  hear  from  England.  I  have  wrote  you  several 
letters  by  different  conveyances  since  my  Arrival,  I  am  in 
Some  doubt  whether  too  many  or  not  shou'd  they  all  come 
to  hand  and  have  given  you  an  Ace*  what  success  I  have 
hitlierto  had  and  what  appears  in  view  to  come,  Since  I 
wrote  y  above  letter  I  have  not  sold  any  thing  at  all,  and 
y  being  confined  from  morning  'till  night  without  ha\dng 
any  thing  to  do,  you  may  imagine  can't  but  be  a  disagrea- 
blo  Life ;  and  am  resolv'd  not  to  be  out  of  the  way,  that  I 
mayn't  blame  my  self  for  want  of  attendance,  I  lodge  at 
your  house  w""  M'  Lardner  and  gett  a  sight  of  him  once 
or  twice  in  a  Week  as  it  happens  to  fall  out.  I  board  at 
M^^  Ellis's  &  keep  Store  in  y"  AVater  Street  under  Charles 
killings  but  what  with  one  disappointment  or  other  I 
don't  enjoy  life  with  any  sort  of  satisfaction  but  only  endure 
It,  the  Ace'  you  give  of  my  brother  Tom  is  but  what  I 
treaded  to  hear  and  makes  me  more  uneasy  than  I  can  ex- 
I-ress  my  self,  but  as  you  are  still  so  good  as  to  turn  your 
thoughts  on  him  a  smart  chide  from  you  would  I  hope  have 
»  good  Efiect.     I  must  have  some  body  or  other  to  be  with 


28    Letta's  from  Letter-Book  of  Bich ard  Hockley,  1730-17^2. 

me  in  y'  Store  for  I  can  never  hold  this  way  of  Life  long, 
and  plainly  see  I  shall  never  be  able  to  make  any  great 
hand  of  selling  European  goods  nor  any  quantity,  so  that  I 
am  doubtfull  ^vllether  I  cou'd  keep  him  employed,  I  shoud 
be  glad  to  have  him  over  here,  but  whether  or  not  your 
thoughts  of  placing  him  in  Lisbon  wou'd  not  be  more  to 
his  advantage  than  any  he  can  reap  from  me  I  shall  entirely 
leave  to  your  Self,  and  as  I  am  very  sensible  you  will  en- 
deavour to  do  y*  best  for  him,  your  determination  will  I 
assure  you  Sir  be  perfectly  agreable  to  me.  Gap'  Wright 
poor  man  dyed  on  his  Passage  hither  and  ten  of  the  Pala- 
tines with  y'  same  disorder  as  y*  Palatines  brought  in  last 
year,  and  infected  y*  whole  ships  Company,  on  her  arrival 
the  Governour  order'd  y'  Ship  below  Wicaco  to  be  ex- 
amin'd  by  a  Doctor,  they  are  all  pretty  well  recover'd  but 
some  very  weak  still,  this  Ship  has  brought  a  vast  quantity 
of  Goods,  and  how  they  will  vend  them  I  can't  conceive 
unless  at  little  more  than  y*  first  Cost,  I  thank  you  for  get- 
ting y*  Bill  Accepted  I  wrote  to  y'  Gentlemen  about  it  on 
my  arrival  I  have  sent  you  nine  rattle  snakes  1  gott  of  an 
Indian  trader  with  five  more  of  your  own  that  was  in  y* 
Closett  pack't  up  in  a  Box  w""  y'  Model  of  a  Ship  you  de- 
sired M'  Lardner  to  send  you,  two  of  y'  Snakes  I  must  beg 
as  a  favour  you  v/ill  be  pleased  to  send  to  M"  Ilyam 
which  I  promised  her. 

I  have  given  James  your  directions  about  the  Garden  and 
he  vr\\\  observe  them  and  has  promised  me  he  will  give  you 
an  Ace'  of  what  is  done  by  letter,  and  y*  Ginseng  shall 
be  sent  if  'tis  possible  to  be  had,  I  have  told  my  Sister 
about  her  spelling  and  she  has  promised  to  mend  and  is 
a  little  ashamed  of  her  self  but  as  you  have  been  so  kind 
as  to  mention  it  in  so  affectionate  a  manner  she  says,  she  is 
indispensibly  bound  to  obey  your  orders  and  y*  next  letter 
will  be  more  intelligible.  The  Indians  have  reced  their 
Goods  and  y  Conferences  had  with  them  concerning  y*  re- 
newing of  y*  Chain  and  their  friendly  promises  to  stand  by 
us  and  give  us  isotice  when   occasion    oifers  of  what  \* 


T^^ticrs  from  Letter-Book  of  Bichard  Ilockloj,  1739-17^2.    29 

French  are  doing,  has  been  verj  satisfactory  to  the  Gov- 
ernour,  and  they  are  well  pleased,  but  as  you  will  have  a 
more  particular  account  of  it  from  the  Goveruour  and  M' 
Peters  I  need  say  no  more,  the  Guns  and  Cloth  are  sold 
and  carried  to  y'  proper  Ace"  as  order'd.  I  hope  Sir  you 
v,-ill  be  so  good  as  to  favour  me  with  a  Line  and  let  me 
know  what  letters  you  receive  from  me,  and  be  so  kind  as 
to  give  me  your  opinion  freely  on  any  thing  that  I  have 
wrote  to  you  about,  for  vour  friendlv  advice  will  be  of  crreat 
Service  to  me,  I  realy  am  a  good  deal  confused  and  can't 
for  my  life  help  it,  I'm  afraid  you  can't  be  expected  here  so 
soon  as  you  intended  from  what  M'  Peters  has  told  me  you 
wrote  to  him,  and  if  you  knew  how  acceptable  a  line  from 
you  is  to  me,  I  shall  not  be  disappointed  of  having  an 
Ace'  of  your  wellfare  from  under  your  own  hand. 

I  liave  wrote  to  ]\P  Ilyam  for  Insurance  on  three  hundred 
k  fifty  Pounds  this  Currency  which  I  am  going  to  ship  for 
your  Ace'  in  Flour  to  Jamaica  and  in  all  probability  will 
make  a  fine  remittance  'tis  to  be  consigned  to  M""  Edwards 
\vho  goes  in  y*  Yessell  and  I  am  very  certain  he  will  not 
omitt  making  the  remittance  by  the  first  opportunity  after 
his  Arrival.     I  am  vriih.  an  unfeigned  regard 

Hon-^  Sir 
Your  most  afl:^'*  &  obliged  Fr* 
and  hum  Serv* 

K.  H. 


Philada  Julv  IS'^  1742 

Tho"  Penn  Esq"^ 
l)"^  Sir 

The  preceeding  is  coppy  of  what  I  wrote  you  three  days 
^'^o^  and  send  this  Via  Liverpool.  I  can't  help  mentioning 
my  brother  Tom  again,  I  shou'd  be  very  glad  to  have  him 
over  if  I  can  manage  him,  and  will  take  as  much  pains  with 
uini  as  'tis  possible,  but  am  anxious  whether  he  will  do  so 
well  with  me,  as  wdth  a  Stranger,  however  I  shall  leave  it 


30     Letters  from  Letter-Book  of  Bichard  Ilocklei/,  1739-17^2. 

intirely  to  you  as  I  wrote  before.  M"'  Peters  has  given  you 
a  full  Ace*  of  what  has  been  done  in  the  Indian  Atiair, 
they  are  still  in  town,  and  the  Country  has  made  a  present 
to  them  of  three  hundred  Pounds,  and  all  sides  seem  to  be 
very  well  satisfied  which  is  very  lucky  at  this  juncture. 
the  Grapes  at  Springetsbury  is  intirely  demolished  and  can't 
conceive  the  meaning  of  it,  the  Orange  trees  some  of  them 
are  full  of  little  flatt  Insects,  and  James  does  not  know  what 
to  do  with  them,  y*  trees  on  each  side  y*  long  walk  wants  to 
be  shrowded  very  much,  and  hope  you'l  order  it  to  be  done 
in  y'  fall. 

Dear  Sir  my  best  Wishes  for  your  health  and  success  in 
your  Atlairs  are  frequently  repeated,  that  you  may  be  able  to 
come  over  in  the  time  you  proposed  (for  I  am  very  certain 
you  are  much  wanted  here)  and  with  satisfaction  to  your- 
self in  every  respect.  I  am  as  ahvays 
Hon^  Sir 

Yours  most  afiect'^ 

K  H. 

Philada  July  24^^  1742 

Tho"   Penn  Esq 
Hon"  Sir 

Above  is  copy  of  my  last  to  you  Via  Liverpool,  since 
which  I  have  shipt  to  Jamaica  409  Casks  of  Flour  amount* 
to  £423.1.0  which  in  all  probability  will  come  to  a  very 
good  markett.  I  wish  the  Yessell  had  been  intirely  loaden 
on  your  Account,  but  M''  Plumsted  is  very  timorous  for  y' 
reasons  I  mentioned  to  you  in  some  of  my  former  Letters, 
the  Harvest  is  all  gott  in  exceedingly  well  and  the  greatest 
cropp  that  has  been  known,  so  that  Wheat  &  Flour  is  ex- 
pected to  be  very  low  this  Fall  unless  some  considerable 
orders  shoud  be  sent  from  home  for  Exportation,  but  as 
they  have  had  a  fine  harvest  in  England  perhaps  that 
mayn't  be  y'  Case  and  then  I  believe  we  shall  be  able  to 
ship  it  off  much  cheaper  from  hence.  I  can't  help  inform- 
ing you  Sir  how  I  go  on  and  hope  you'l  not  think  it  trouble- 


[Miers  from  Ldtcr-Booh  of  liichard  Hockley,  1739-17 4 2.     31 

pome  UB  there's  realy  some  necessity  for  it.     I  have  not  sold 
;M!V  thinic  to  speak  on  for  this  month  past  and  sitt  several 
i\:'i\6  toLrc'lher  without  having  one  Person  to  ask  a  question, 
that  in  short  I  am  almost  dull  k  stupid,  the  vast  quantity  of 
CJuods  and  number  of  hands  they  are  in  makes  every  one 
tV-el  V  Eflects  of  it  in  some  shape  or  other  and  when  there's 
ho  great  plenty  and  variety  the  People  will  not  buy  Init  just 
a.-;  they  want  to  be  supply'd  and  where  a  shop  keeper  used 
to  lay' out  one  hundred  Pounds  at  a  time  they  don't  now 
ton.  'M'  Jn' White  has  sent  over  a  very  considerable  Cargo 
to  -Nfess"  Hamilton  &  Coleman  to  the  Astonishment  of  all 
Ills  Friends,  and  y*  Gentlemen  themselves  'tis  true  they  will 
draw  Commissions  let  them  be  sold  never  so  low,  and  I 
cou'd  at  this  time  buy  four  hundred  pounds  Sterling  worth 
of  Goods  at  5  p  Cent  less  than  they  cost  in  England  and 
they  must  be  sold  and  will  be  at  vendue  in  a  few  days — 
from  this.    S'  you  may  judge  what  a  prospect  I  have  before 
mc  and  I  am  sure  no  honest  Factor  wou'd  advise  any  of 
their  Employers  to  send  any  more  Goods  yet  awhile,  and 
know  this  to  be  the  case  of  several  here  who  have  wrote 
to  several  of  their  correspondents    not  to  send  them  any 
more  Goods  'till  they  give  them  encouragem'  and  should 
not  things  take  a  turn  a  different  way  I  don't  know  what  I 
must  do,  and  indeed  I  am  differently  circumstanced  from 
others  who  are  old  Traders  and  have  a  regular  sett  of  Cus- 
tomers though  I  have  used  all  the  means  that's  possible  to 
invite  People  to  my  Store  and  do  assure  you  not  one  Quaker 
comes  anear  me  that's  w^orth  dealing  with,  and  you  can't 
conceive  the  difficulty  that  attends  selling  a  few  Goods  for 
now  Storekeeping  is  downright  pedling  &  I  have  heard  sev- 
eral of  y'  Principle  traders  say  that  if  it  was  not  for  Ship 
building  &  house  building  that  they  cou'd  not  vend  the 
quantity  they  used  to  do,  and  if  they  complain  well  may  I, 
for  I  never  cou'd  meet  with  greater  discouragem*  than  at 
present.     I  must  now  trouble  you  about  ]VP  Vickris's  affair 
w'*  Tunnecliff  he  has  sold  part  of  y'  Land  to  a  person  that 
6old  it  to  a  third  and  y'  poor  Man  has  paid  in  Money  & 


32    Letters  from  Letter-Book  of  Richard  Hocldcii,  1730-171^2. 

bond  two  hundred  Pounds  ct  y*^  Person  to  whom  he  paid  the 
Money  is  not  able  to  make  him  restitution.  ^P  Langhorne 
drew  y*  Conveyances  &  "W""  Peters  tells  me  they  are  badly 
done  &  M''  Langhorne  said  he  woud  write  to  you  about  a 
Claim  that  Tunnecliit'  has  to  1000  Acres  to  know  if  you 
wou'd  let  that  be  appropriated  on  vacant  land  belonging  to 
you  equal  to  y*  Value  of  Tunncclitis  place,  this  will  be  in- 
tirely  in  your  breast  k  M'  Yickris's  k  shoud  be  glad  you 
wou'd  be  pleased  to  mention  it  to  him.  I  don't  write  to 
him  by  this  conveyance  having  already  wrote  twice  to  him 
since  my  Arrival  &  have  nothing  to  communicate  to  him 
at  present  but  shall  write  him  in  y^  Fall  as  I  expect  to 
remitt  him  y'  ballance  due  for  y*  Land  sold  by  Eobinsons 
Mill,  I  have  heard  of  no  purchasers  for  his  other  Lands  as 
yet  and  indeed  it  will  be  a  hard  matter  to  gett  Money  for  it 
immediately  upon  y'  Sale  for  money  is  very  scarce  and 
there's  not  currency  enough  for  y*  People's  necessary  occa- 
sions for  since  they  lower'd  the  Pennys  several  thousands 
of  Pounds  have  been  sent  to  jSTew  York  as  they  pass  there 
twelve  to  ye  Shilling  to  purchase  Goods  withall  so  that  we 
have  lost  so  much  running  Cash  in  reality.  I  have  sent  M' 
Freames  silver  laced  Furniture  to  Jamaica  k  wrote  to  Cap* 
M'Kiiight  about  Cagers  Xote  whom  I  hear  is  dead  but 
expect  to  be  serv'd  in  the  affair  by  Cap'  M'Knight  as  he  ia 
paymaster  to  y*  Northern  Forces,  my  brother  Sam  is  not 
yet  gone  to  York  he  writes  to  you  by  this  Conveyance  k 
will  give  y*  reason  for  it.  I  have  wrote  you  several  long 
letters  and  am  concern'd  they  are  such  complaining  ones 
and  shall  think  y'  time  long  untill  I  have  answers  to  them, 
but  I  think  you  wou'd  excuse  them  if  you  cou'd  realy  know 
y'  Scituation  I  am  in  at  present  and  y*  just  cause  of  com- 
plaint in  being  disappointed  in  my  first  outsett  in  this  Way 
and  not  having  it  in  my  Power  to  do  the  thing  that's  right, 
and  that  I  have  no  Person  in  y'  world  to  complain  to  but 
your  self  and  'tis  \^'ith  great  reluctance  least  I  shou'd  tire 
you  quite  out. 

Be  pleased  Sir  to  give  my  humble  respects  to  M""  Jn' 


iMtcrs  from  Lcitcr-Book  of  Fichard  irockhy,  17S9-1 7^2.    3 3 

Pt'iin  M"  Freame  k  M'  Kich"*  Peim  and  his  Family  and 
believe  me  to  be  with  the  greatest  aiiection 

D'Sir 
Your  most  obliged  Fr**  k  h  Serv* 
Rich"  Hockley. 

PHiLAD^Aug'  22°*  1742 

Tiio^  Bishop  Yickris  Esq. 
D"-  Sir 

Since  my  Arrival  I  have  wrote  to  you  three  different 
ways  which  hope  have  come  to  your  hand,  and  in  my  last 
advised  you,  that  I  expected  soon  to  send  you  an  Ace* 
Sales  and  ballance  for  y*  Land,  sold  in  "Roxbury  township 
which  I  now  do,  and  inclosed  is  Robert  Strettle's  draught 
on  Geo.  Fitzgerald  &  Comp''  for  £70.17.  St  which  ballances 
y*  Ace'  as  you  will  see  by  the  Ace*  inclosed.  I  have  not 
yet  reced  all  ye  money,  but  have  advanced  forty  pounds 
tijis  Currency  in  order  to  close  ye  Account  and  as  I  thought 
it  might  be  acceptable  to  you,  for  y'  Person  M'ho  remains 
indebted  cannot  discharge  it  till  the  Fall  Fair  which  is  y* 
middle  of  November  next  and  then  often  happens,  that  we 
cant  make  remittances  'till  y'  next  spring.  I  have  not  as 
yet  liad  any  oifers  for  your  other  Lands  as  y'  Country 
l^eople  have  been  busy  about  their  harvest  and  now  'tis  seed 
time  60  that  they  don't  come  to  town  but  in  the  Fall  I  hope 
to  liave  some  Persons  make  application  for  them,  the  500 
Acres  in  right  of  Roger  Drew  is  not  yet  laid  out  though 
the  Surveyors  have  orders  from  y*  Proprietor  for  y*  Execu- 
tion of  it,  and  have  spoke  to  several  of  them  desireing  their 
Care  in  finding  out  a  good  peice  which  will  be  done  as  it 
was  M'  Penns  particular  order  that  it  shoud.  I  am  a  little 
at  a  los3  what  to  do  with  Tannecliff  who  is  seated  on  400 
k  odd  Acres  of  your  Land,  he  has  sold  part  of  it  to  a 
person  that  sold  it  to  a  third  and  he  has  paid  t^vo  hundred 
pounds  for  it  and  y*  Seller  is  not  worth  one  shilhng  now,  so 
that  y  poor  Man  &  his  Family  who  purchased  it  wull  be 
intirely  ruined   shou'd  you  insist  on  that  Tract.     Tunne- 

VOL.  XXVIII. — 3 


34    Letters  from  Letter-Book  of  liichard  Hockley,  1739-1743. 

cliff  has  a  right  to  1000  Acres  which  he  told  y*"  Lawyer  I 
Bent  to  him,  he  woiul    make   over  to  you,  and  I  helieve 
wou'd  be  most  to  your  Interest  if  ^['  Penu  will  order  it  to 
be  laid  out  in  a  good  place  whieli  I  make  no  doubt  he  will, 
I  wrote  to  him  on    y"  6'^  Instant  Via  Cork  and  desired  him 
to  speak  to  you  concerning  it,  so  that  you  both  may  come  to 
a  resolution  that  by  the  next  ship  I  may  know  what  to  do  in 
J'  aftair  and  if  you  approve  of  the  proposition,  to  gett  M* 
Penn  to  write  very  particularly  about  it  to  M'  Peters  liis 
Secretary  that  necessary  orders  may  be  given  and  y'  Affair 
finish'd  with  dispatch.     I  hope  Sir  this  Ace'  Sales  of  your 
Land  will  give  you  satisfaction  for  I  am  very  sure  no  other 
Persons  wou'd  have  given  any  thing  like  the  Sum  but  those 
who  were  seated  on  it  &  had  land  adjoyning  to  it,  W""  Rit- 
tenhausen  is  the  person  that  still  owes  £40  and  by  agree- 
ment w^as  to  pay  no  Interest,  Michael  k  Peter  Ruyter  are 
the  Persons  from  whom  I  reced  part  of  the  money  that 
purchased  this  Bill  and  in  order  to  induce  them  to  pay  it 
directly  I  offer'd  to  forgive  them  y*  Interest  which  was  but 
48/  this  currency  that  I  might  not  miss  this  opportunity  of 
Bending  it  home,  and  as  they  had  frequently  complained  of 
their  hard  bargain,  the  other  money  was  reced  before  and 
sent  you  before  my  Arrival  here.     I  have  no  agreable  iSTews 
to  write  you  from  this  part  of  the  world,  as  our  Fleet  in 
the  West   Indies  seems  to  be  in  a  Lethargy  and  you    in 
Europe  the  only  active  People  from  whom  we  expect  ex- 
traordinary matters.     Georgia  is  attack'd  by  the  Spaniards 
and  twelve  hundred  of  their  Men  landed  on  Cumberland 
Harbour,  and  'tis  fear'd  they  will  take  it,  but  we  have  had 
no  News  from  thence  since  y*  Urst,  but  wait  with  impa- 
tience to  hear  how  it  will  go  with  them,  and  no  doubt  this 
is  old  news  to  you.     In  this  place  we  are  in  the  disposition 
as  when  I  left  it,  or  rather  worse  for  the  Spirit  of  Party, 
Equivocation  and  Lying  seems  to  have  gain'd  strength  by 
their  being  long  accustomed  to  it,  and  ye  Breach  between 
y*  Gov'  &  Assembly  I  am  afraid  will  never  be  closed  till 
either  the  one  or  other  of  them  are  removed,  you  are 


\ 


- '  :jt,^ 


f^-'Jcrsfrom  Letlcr-Book  of  liichard  IlocJdcy,  1739-17^-2.     35 

i6cn«ible  I  believe  from  wheuce  our  discord  arises,  and  am 
jii'r.sid  we  are  too  mut-li  of  y'  disposition  of  the  Froggs  in 
y"  Fable  that  pray'd  to  Jupiter  for  a  King.  Be  pleased  Sir 
to  pay  my  Compliments  to  my  Friends  in  Bristol  and 
wishing  this  may  meet  you  in  Health  am  with  much 
Kstcem 

D'Sir 
Your  obliged  Fr**  k  hum.  Serv* 
RH. 

Philada  9*"  IS"'  1742. 
Honoured  Sir 

The  preceeding  is  copy  of  my  Last  to  you  Via  Cork  since 
wliich  I  reced  your  kind  Letter  of  the  6""  of  Sepf  k  am  Glad 
yi;u  are  returned  in  health  from  your  Journey  &  as  that  was 
wrote  chiefly  to  make  me  more  Easy  I  can't  find  words  to 
Express  the  Greatfull  Sentiments  of  my  heart  for  your 
Goodness  &  though  you  blame  me  for  my  Uneasiness  and 
tliink  I  had  done  pretty  well  considering  the  Short  time  of 
luy  arrivall,  yet  I  assure  you  Sir  what  I  have  done  since  is  but 
trililing  &  as  I  wrote  you  then  the  Greatest  Sale  was  on  the 
opening  of  a  Cargo  &  had  I  not  been  Carefull  in  Choise  of 
it  as  to  quality  &  next  Packages  I  shou'd  have  fared  much 
worse,  &  notwithstanding  all  my  Diligence,  I  have  gott 
Scverall  things  that  ^^^ll  Stick  Long  on  my  hands,  your 
unruumitted  Orders  for  flaxseed  came  too  Late  to  gett  any 
Quantity  and  it  was  gott  up  to  Seven  Shillings,  had  it  been 
not  so  I  cou'd  not  have  complyed  w'^  your  orders  as  M' 
Lardncr  very  Justly  had  Engaged  all  the  money  he  had  or 
cou'd  gett  for  Bills  of  Exchange  by  M'  Plumsteds  direction 
which  he  has  done  at  a  very  low  advance.  I  have  reced  a 
L<-ttcr  from  M'  Edwards  in  Jamaica  by  whom  I  sent  409 
bb*  Flour  on  your  Joint  Ace'  it  bears  a  tolerable  price  25/ 
from  30/  a  barrel  but  y'  Sale  is  Slow  it  Stands  you  in  about 
is;  a  barrel,  as  he  is  a  Skillfull  Industrious  young  man  & 
w:;!!  acquainted  with  that  Island  I  know  he  will  peak  him- 
ecif  on  doing  the  best  he  can  as  he  knows  'tis   on  your 


36    Letters  from  Letter-Book  of  Biehard  Hoehley,  1739-17^2, 

account.     Cap'  Budden  &  Cap'  Elvis  in  tlie  Constantine  sails 
miicli  about  tlic  same  time.     I  have  sent  by  the  former  a 
dozen  Rattle  Snakes,  some  Gensing  k  Seneca  Rattle  Snake 
root  for  you  with  the  Coppys  of  M"  Penu's  k  ^P  Freame's 
pictures  with  the  owl  they  are  allowed  to  be  exceeding  Good 
coppys  k  according  to  my  Judgment  they  are  the  best  I 
ever  saw  of  Ilesseliu's  Painting,  by  the  Latter  I  have  sent 
six  Rattle   Snakes   &   some  more  gensing  with  four  wild 
Turlcey's   3  hens  k  a  cock  w'*'  a   large  pott   of  preserved 
Ginger  which  I  luckily  met  with  the  other  day  for  you.     I 
have  made  all  the  enquiry  I  possibly  couVl  for  Snakes  and 
cou'd  not  for  my  life  get  more.  Hams  are  very  Scarce  k  not 
to  be  had  k  we  have  little  Porke  in  the  Country  this  year. 
W  Peters  gott  six  from  M'  Allen  k  sent  them  by  Cap*  Davis 
for  you  but  through  mistake  the  captain  gave  them  to  M' 
Aliens  correspondents  in  London.     I  have  done  all  I  pos- 
sibly can  to  procure  you  Bear  Hams  but  am  yet  unsuccessful!. 
In  my  last  I  gave  you  a  just  ace'  of  that  unhappy  fray  that 
happened  on  y«  1='  of  October  but  not  so  full  a  one  as  I 
intend  to  do  when  I  shall  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you 
in  Person,  since  which  I  have  been  called  before  the  As- 
sembly vnih  many  others,  but  as  I  was  fearfull  what  use 
they  might  make  of  what  I  cou'd  say  on  the  oecation  I  took 
great  care  of  what  I  said  for  we  were  all  on  our  qualifica- 
tions they  wanted  much  to  know  what  I  had  Heard  in 
private   Conversation  relating  to  it  in  answer  to  which  I 
told   them  as  I  was   acquainted  with  both   Party's  which 
gave  me  a  Good  deal  of  Uneasiness  y'  it  was  not  totally 
Extinguished  I  thought  it  not  Just  in  me    to  relate  any 
thing  I  heard  in  the  Houses  of  my  friends  k  on  my  Qualifi- 
cation Shou'd  only  relate  what  I  personally  saw  transacted 
this  I  cou'd  not  refuse  them  k  took"  M^  Plumsteds  ad\ice 
about  it.     I  was  desired  to  Sign  a  Petition  by  M'  Pember- 
ton  to  the  house  request^  them  to  examine  who  vrere  the 
abettors  of  the  Riot  but  I  told  him  as  I  was  no  party  Body 
I  desired  to  be  excused,  he  used  many  arguments  but  in 
Vain  k  thought  by  this  I  shou'd  escape,  but  was  at  last 


Jytla-s  from  Ldtcr-Booh  of  Bichard  IIocJdc>/,  1739-1742.     37 

o!)li^'c(i  to  go  thoiigli  they  sent  their  Serjant  at  arms  three 
th;ic3  for  me  before  I  wou'd  I  must  confess  I  was  horridly 
confiised  when  I  found  I  was  obhged  to  go,  phick'd  up 
Courage  &  disappointed  them  much,  notwithstanding  Isaac 
N'orris,  Sam'  Bkmston  &  James  Morris  got  up  three  several 
times  to  desire  the  Speaker  to  ask  me  several  Impertinent 
fjue^itions  as  I  thought,  the  former  in  his  Sly  artful!  manner 
said  y'  I  ought  to  declare  to  the  House  what  I  had  Heard 
in  conversation  in  honour  to  clear  up  the  Characters  if  I 
cc'u'd  of  some  Gentlemen  they  had  reason  to  Suspect.  I 
told  I  look'd  upon  the  action  with  as  much  abhorrence  as 
they  cou'd  &  consequently  ought  to  be  very  cautious  whom 
we  Suspected  without  just  foundation,  that  whilst  he  &  ray 
Self  kept  our  Suspicions  to  ourselves  no  Gentleman's 
Character  cou'd  Suffer,  made  them  a  Low  bow  &  march'd 
oif,  they  have  sent  four  Citations  to  ^less"  Plumsted,  Allen, 
Taylor,  and  Turner  to  appear  before  them  if  they  please  to 
clear  up  their  Conduct  w'^  they  have  reason  to  Suspect  from 
gome  Depositions  they  have  taken,  they  make  very  hght  of 
it  &  what  they  intend  to  do  I  make  no  doubt  but  one  or 
other  of  them  will  acquaint  you  with  it.  M^  Peters  I 
know  writes  you  a  very  long  Letter  w'''  a  particular  ace'  of 
all  PubHckBussiness  worth  your  notice  as  does  M'"Lardner. 
James  has  wrote  to  you  about  his  affairs  &  has  sent  you  by 
tlje  Constantine  all  you  wrote  for.  I  have  Sent  you  3  dos°  of 
oranges  &  Lcamons  from  Springettsbury  pack'd  up  in  a  Box 
directed  for  you.  M""  Lardner  &  James  were  afraid  they 
W'ou'd  not  keep,  however  I  have  run  the  risque,  the  Gov- 
crnour  has  had  a  doz'^  Already  &  am  afraid  the  Trees  have 
been  Pilfer'd.  They  are  in  very  good  order,  &  every  thing 
K.-se  except  the  fences  round  Springettsbury  &  am  Sorry  to 
find  Jacob  not  the  Person  I  cou'd  wish  &  think  him  blame 
^vorthy  in  Several  respects,  all  your  Xegroes  are  well  I  have 
I-ronded  'em  with  a  few  things  &  assure  none  but  what  is 
&1  iolutely  necessary.  Cap*  Stevenson  is  not  yet  arrived  & 
t'tir  weather  is  very  cold  so  that  I  am  afraid  poor  Tom  will 
be  pinch'd  with  the  cold. 


38    Letters  from  Letter-Book  of  Blehard  Hockley,  1739-17^2. 

Be  pleased  to  pay  my  true  regards  to  Mess"  Penns  I  have 
wrote  to  M'^  Freame  and  wishing  you  a  Merry  Xtmas  & 
many  happy  Years  k  I  am — 

Seut  a  Coppy  of  this  by  Cap'  Budden. 

P.S.  M"  Steel  has  gott  the  Goods  and  Given  Bond,  the 
volume  of  Prideaux's  History  is  in  your  Closett. 

Philad*  Nov'  1"'  1742 

Tuo^  Penn  Esq^ 
D'^  &  HoN^  Sir 

I  have  reced  both  your  kind  and  Affect**  Letters  which 
gave  me  great  pleasure,  as  they  brought  me  an  Account  of 
your  AYellfare  with  that  of  your  worthy  Pamilys,  your 
Journey  into  the  iSTorth  I  hope  has  been  agreable  and  wish 
every  thing  may  be  conducive  to  give  you  pleasure  when 
your  troublesome  Afiairs  doth  not  require  your  immediate 
attendance  and  flatter  myself  with  hopes,  they  are  by  this 
time  finish'd  agreable  to  your  wishes,  and  with  great  truth 
can  say  nothing  else  can  give  me  greater  pleasure.  Wlien 
I  mentioned  M'  Kinseys  uneasiness  I  knew  it  was  Avithout 
foundation  but  thought  it  my  duty  to  let  you  know,  the 
Affair  has  been  finished  a  long  while  of  which  ]\P  Peters 
has  ^\Tote  you  very  particularly  about.  M''  Kiusey  has  paid 
the  money  to  3kP  Lardner  due  from  the  Assembly  notwithst^ 
you  left  no  particular  order  for  it  to  be  reced.  Flaxseed 
was  at  5/  when  I  reced  your  orders  &  is  now  sold  at  6/2  and 
I  suppose  ^^^ll  reach  7/  before  they've  done  y*  first  price 
exceeded  what  I  gave  when  I  bought  last,  so  have  bought 
none,  I  reced  a  letter  from  John  Barclay  that  gives  but  a 
poor  account  of  our  Commoditys  except  Flaxseed  and  there 
was  no  price  sett  there  being  none  to  sell,  swingled  Flax  as 
Im  inform'd  by  all  the  Dutch  is  never  brought  to  town  to 
sell,  and  they  tell  me  such  a  quantity  as  3  or  400  is  not  to 
be  had,  unless  notice  is  given  to  the  people  before  hand  and 
then  it  must  be  gott  from  a  number  of  People  as  they  use 
great  quantitys  themselves,  as  to  Potash  I  wou'd  have  com- 
plyed  with  your  orders  but  old  &  young  M'  pemberton  told 


filters  from  Letter-Book  of  liichard  IlocJdey,  1739-1 7Jf2.     39 

)ne  tlioy  liad  made  several  tryals  and  it  wou'd  never  answer, 
M^  Armstrong  from  Bellfast  lias  sent  to  tliem  two  Casks  of 
potaeli  for  a  sample  one  of  them  is  for  you  k  they  say  we 
cannot  make  that  sort  for  want  of  some  ingredient  not  yet 
found  out,  ^P  Eogers's  receipt  I  left  with  you  as  he  was  on 
the  S])ott  and  I  coming  away,  but  as  Sam  Carpenter  is  now 
here  I  have  talk'd  with  him  on  y'  Affair  and  he  assures  me 
he  never  charged  any  Commiss"  on  that  note  left  in  Rogers's 
liands  and  that  he  ought  to  receive  Commiss"'  for  paying  it 
to  you,  when  the  Eum   arrives  from  Jamaica  I  shall  take 
particular  care  of  it.     As  to  the  things  belonging  to  James 
he  will  take  care  about,  there's  no  turkeys  at  Springetsbury 
but  I  have  had  the  good  luck  to  gett  four  of  the  wild  breed 
which  Cap'  Elvis  Master  of  the  Constantine  has  promised 
to  take  particular  care  of,  what  rattle  Snakes  I  can  possibly 
gett  I  will  send  by  him,  he  will  sail  in  about  ten  days,  as 
to  Ginseng  I  know  not  what  to  say  about.     ]\P  Lardner  has 
v.-rote  to  M'  Cookson  k  Smout,  k  it  seems  a  difficulty  to 
get  any  thing  like  the  quantity  tis  grown  quite  out  of  date 
k  scarcely  ever  mentioned,  [N'anny  sent  to  M"  Freame  a 
large  pott  of  Ginger  by  Cap'  Da\ds  she  believes  20'^"  but  I 
liave  order'd  12'"  more  notwiths"^  from  Barbadoes.     Bills  of 
Exchange  are  now  at  50  per  Cent  but  M^  Lardner  is  ad\'ised 
not  to  buy  yet,  expecting  they  will  be  still  lower,  as  to  my 
own  Aflairs,  they  are  not  so  well  as  I  cou'd  wash,  but  think 
I  have  done  better  than  I  expected  considering  the  very 
dull  times  and  such  vast  quantitys  of  T\"oolens  &  Linnens 
imported   from    Ireland,    and    have    wrote    to    my    Corre- 
spondents for  some  things  in  the  Spring  that  I  must  have  if 
I  intend  to  sell  what  remains  on  hand  which  is  a  consider- 
able part  for  notwithst«  trade  is  so  dull  I  see  no  way  to 
mend  myself  but  by  involving  myself  -still  more  which  I 
know  you  will  think  a  paradox,  coud  I  receive  my  money 
in  any  reasonable  time  I  should  think  myself  pretty  well 
otV,  and  hope  I  shall  have  some  instructions  from  you  about 
selling  my  Land  k  Lott,  or  else  I  shall  not  be  able  in  any 
rciisonable  time  to  discharge  yours  and  M""  Fells  Debt. 


40     Letters  from  Letter-Book  of  JRicheird  Hockley,  17S9-174J. 

Tho'  Mcrriott  desired  me  to  write  to  you  about  the  Ferry 
y*  lease  expiring  sometime  next  Spring  be  is  willing  to  give 
ten  pounds  a  year  for  it,  one  "Walton  wants  it  and  M*"  Lard- 
ner  tells  me  be  believes  be  can  gett  twenty  pounds  a  year 
for  it.  M'  Merriot  says  be  is  well  provided  witb  Servants 
&  Boats  &  bas  been  at  a  considerable  expence  for  them,  I 
gave  him  my  promise  I  wou'd  mention  it  to  you  and  hope 
you'l  excuse  my  freedom,  as  I  coud  not  refuse  him  this 
favour.  I  am  now  agoing  to  enter  on  a  Subject  w'*"  some 
reluctancy  as  I  know  the  relation  of  it  cannot  be  agreable 
to  you,  and  as  I  know  you  \vi\\  have  some  account  of  it 
from  other  bands  soften'd  and  glossed  over  I  thought  it  my 
duty  to  inform  you  of  the  real  truth  without  prejudice  to 
either  party,  the  Law  for  chusing  inspectors  by  the  Consta- 
bles in  the  different  AVards  being  elaps'd,  and  the  Partys 
not  agreeing  amongst  themselves,  tho  that  of  the  Gov- 
ernours  made  some  fair  Offers  to  the  other,  the  Inspectors 
were  to  be  chosen  the  old  way,  of  that  by  view,  on  the  day 
of  Election  a  great  number  of  Dutch  appeared  for  the 
Quakers,  said  not  to  be  properly  qualified  they  carried  all 
the  Inspectors  to  a  man,  upon  this  a  number  of  Sailors  in 
all  I  believe  sixty  came  up  to  the  ^[arkett  Street  with  Clubs 
in  their  bands  knock'd  down  all  that  stood  in  their  way  or 
did  not  fly  before  them  and  blood  flew  plentifully  about. 
M'  Morris  as  a  Magistrate  went  to  command  peace,  and  he 
was  knock'd  down  had  two  severe  Wounds  on  bis  head  & 
had  he  not  crept  under  the  stalls  I  believe  he  would  have 
been  kill'd,  old  M'  Pemberton  had  several  smart  blows  that 
lamed  his  hand  for  sometime,  Tom  Lloyd,  young  Fish- 
bourne,  Rakestraw,  Shad  the  barber  and  one  Evans  of  Xorth 
"Wales  an  old  Quaker  of  upwards  of  60  years  were  all 
knock'd  down  and  the  last  has  lost  his  Senses  as  I  am  in- 
formed by  the  wounds  he  reced  on  bis  head,  and  number 
of  other  persons  to  me  unknown  shared  the  same  Fate, 
I  never  saw  such  havock  in  my  life  before  the  Streets  & 
Court  house  Stairs  were  clear'd  in  a  few  Minutes,  and  none 
but  the  Sailors  crying  out  down  with  the  plain  Coats  & 


Uticrs  from  Leiicr-Book  of  Jxlchard  Hockkj,  1739-17 i2.    41 

broad  T3riins  then  they  took  up  great  Stones  &  Bricks  from 
the  Lott  you  sokl  by  the  Meeting  where  the  people  had 
beguu  tobuikl  and  broke  the  Court  liouse  AVindows  all  to 
pieces  and  those  that  were  in  the  house  gott  several  Smart 
blows,  at  last  the  Dutch  and  other  Country  people  being 
inraged  return'd  in   a  Body  with   Clubbs,  and  the  Dutch 
were  for  getting  guns  but  were  prevented  drove  the  Sailors 
before  them  they  took  to  the  Shipping  and  with  the  assist- 
ance of  M'  Lawrence  who  was  very  active    and    Charles 
AVilling  they  took  40  of  them  and  sent  'em  to  Goal,  old 
Sam'  Preston  would  have  been  certainly  killed  had  it  not 
been  for  Cap'  Harry  Hodge  who  feuded  olt'  the  blow  and 
gott  much  hurt  himself  and  I  can't  help  making  the  same 
observation    that   some    others   have    done,    that   not    one 
Magistrate  of  the  Governours  appointment  Stirr'd  one  inch 
to  oppose  the  rioters  but  walk'd  off  the  ground  this  gives 
the  people  an  opportunity  and  they  publickly  said  that  M' 
Plumsted  M'  Allen  and  others  of  the  Governours  friends 
were  at  the  bottom  of  all  tliis  though  I  believe  unjustly 
accused,  M'  Allen  woud  certainly  have  gott  into  the  house 
had  this  Affair  not  happened  he  had  336  Votes  notwithst^ 
and  none  of  his  friends  voted  for  him  in  the  town  k  Benj° 
Shomaker  said  numbers  came  &  alter'd  their  ticketts  in  his 
house  &  Rob'  Moore  told  me  above  300  ticketts  had  his 
name  dash'd  out  in  his  Shop,  I  realy  pitty  M'  Allen  he  has 
suffer'd  much  as  to  popularity,  these  things  I  assure  you 
Sir  has  occasioned  me  many  a  tear,  for  I  can't  help  say 
though  I  have  no  judgment  in  Politicks  that  such  proceed- 
ings as  these  shou'd  be  guarded  against  and  can  say  nothing 
in  favour  of  the  other  side  who  to  gain  their  point  have 
told  many  scandalous  lyes  &  used  many  \Hle  Insinuations 
of  which  no  doubt  you  will  have  some  ace*  of,  but  I  realy 
look  upon  this  to  be  an  attack  upon  the  Liberty  of  the 
province  in  general  notwithstanding  acted  by  a  particular 
party  who  think  they  are  doing  their  Country  a  piece  of 
Service,  when  I  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing  you  I  shall 
be  more  particular  and  perhaps  (with  truth)  can  give  you 


42    Letters  from  Ldttr-Book  of  Richard  Hochlcj,  1739-17.^3. 

such  an  Account  as  you  little  expect  to  hoar,  through  the 
wholo  I  have  kept  myself  perfectly  cool  and  was  at  neither 
of  their  Meetings  in  order  to  pitch  upon  representatiyes, 
and  have  had  a  good  many  hard  things  said  on  me  upon 
the  occasion,  but  I  %vas  fully  determined  to  have  nothing  to 
do  v.'ith  them  as  I  was  informed  by  some  of  the  Gov" 
friends  v.diat  was  intended  k  the  consequences  I  dreaded 
have  happen'd,  I  must  inform  you  they  are  not  residents  in 
this  place,  but  well  esteemed  by  all  the  Gentlemen  and 
frequently  at  the  Governours,  and  though  botli  the  Gov- 
ernour  and  y"  other  Gentlemen  of  the  place  might  have 
been  ignorant  of  this  Affair,  or  that  it  wou'd  not  come  to 
such  a  heighth  yet  I  cant  see  how  they  can  escape  the  Cen- 
sure of  the  People  in  general  as  you  know  and  are  sensible 
they  were  not  on  any  good  terms  before.  I  don't  blame 
eitlier  y'  Gov^  or  his  friends  but  if  please  God  I  live  to  see 
you  I  will  tell  you  the  whole  I  know  of  the  ^Matter,  Cap* 
Kedmond  who  is  one  supposed  to  sett  the  people  on,  is  a 
strict  roman  Catholick  publickly  professes  his  religion  and 
is  often  at  the  Governours  club,  we  have  two  Priests  in 
town  beside  the  old  one,  and  two  young  German  Jesuits 
that  live  in  Conestogoe  one  I  have  been  in  company  with, 
they  won't  have  it  here  that  they  are  priests,  I  know  it  for 
a  Certainty  for  my  friend  M''  R^'an  as  you  was  pleased  to 
call  him  told  me  so,  and  am  complaisant  to  those  people 
and  in  time  shall  make  a  good  Jesuit  myself,  there's  two 
familys  arrived  from  the  West  Indies  said  to  be  of  very 
good  fortunes,  I  am  sure  they  make  an  appearance  as  if 
they  had,  and  Ryan  told  me  twelve  more  substantial 
Familys  were  expected  next  Summer  from  the  West 
Indies,  and  other  places,  but  the  latter  I  cou'd  not  gett  out 
of  him  though  if  possible  I  will,  I  was  told  they  grew  a 
little  insolent  at  their  Chappell  and  assure  you  a  young 
gentleman  of  my  acquaintance  a  Stranger  from  Carolina 
told  me  he  went  there  and  they  insisted  on  his  kneeling 
down  at  the  Elevation  of  the  host,  and  as  he  wanted  to  see 
the  Ceremonys  he  complyed  with  it,  I  went  after  this  my  self 


Lclicrs  from  Lcticr-Book  of  Bichard  JIockle>/,  1 739-1742.    4  3 

with  young  M'  Willing  to  see  bow  they  wou'd  behave,  but 
n^  they  knew  me  we  Avere  bad  into  one  of  the  uppermost 
Scats,  I  see  their  Congregation  is  greatly  increased  they  have 
built  an  handsome  pulpit  and  have  a  crimson  Velvet  cushion 
k  Cluth  w""  gold  fringe,  I  thought  I  wou'd  just  drop  this 
hint  to  you  for  they  are  become  a  groat  Bugg  bear  to  several 
peo}tle,  and  wliether  or  no  tis  true  policy  to  suffer  these 
[•eople  to  go  on  and  flourish  in  the  manner  they  do  if  it 
coud  be  prevented,  when  I  was  there  two  Priests  officiated 
raid  a  third  was  in  the  inner  room  where  we  satt  with 
gliding  shutters  that  look'd  into  the  Chappel.  Dear  Sir  I 
believe  I  need  not  make  any  apology  for  my  giving  you 
these  hints  nor  repeat  the  obligations  I  am  under  to  inforce 
my  sincerity  and  truth,  for  if  I  know  my  own  heart  your 
Interest  with  that  of  your  familys  is  become  inseperable 
with  my  own,  and  my  affection  for  you  cannot  be  shewn  in 
any  other  way,  than  by  giving  you  a  just  and  true  ace'  of 
what  comes  under  my  knowledge  relating  to  your  family 
during  your  absence,  and  am  well  com^inced  from  some 
hints  that  has  been  dropt  if  one  of  the  family  was  to  govern 
it  would  be  more  agreable  to  the  people  and  things  would 
go  on  in  a  smoother  Channel,  for  Government  though  in  a 
high  Sphere  may  be  compared  to  a  family,  which  cannot 
live  in  Unity,  unless  some  small  failures  are  overlooked  and 
winked  at,  for  Love  covers  a  multitude  of  faults,  but  when 
there's  no  true  regard  I  am  afraid  there's  no  true  forgive- 
ness, and  however  the  Interest  of  the  Country  may  be  cryed 
up  I  wish  self  Interest  mayn't  be  at  the  bottom.  I  have 
lately  seen  a  book  called  M"  Rowesworks  Friendship  in 
Death  with  letters  Moral  &  Entertaining,  the  Stile  is  Ele- 
gant and  some  of  the  Subjects  Xoble  and  well  worth  pe- 
rusing according  to  the  little  taste  I  havefor  reading  I  shall 
I'C  obliged  to  you  for  it  and  woud  not  have  given  you  this 
trouble  coud  I  have  sent  to  any  one  else  that  knows  anything 
<'f  books.  ;My  true  regards  wait  on  M'  J.  Penn  M"  Freame 
A  her  little  ones  M'  Penn  &  his  family  and  am  D'  &  llon^  Sir 
Your  most  Aff''  k  obliged  &c. 


44    Letters  from  Letter-Book  of  Bichard  Ilocklei/,  1 739-174  2. 

Phii.ada  Nov'  20'"  1742 
My  Pear  master  Freame 

I  coud  not  be  easy  Avithout  giving  you  the  trouble  of  a 
few  Lines  in  Order  to  bear  me  in  your  remembrance,  k 
what  Shall  I  say  to  a  young  Gentleman  of  your  Age,  having 
no  business  to  write  you  ab',  &  my  affairs  have  taken  up 
my  time  so  much  that  I  know  little  about  your  young  ac- 
quaintance, and  as  to  other  Persons  in  your  knowledge  I 
shall  refer  you  to  your  Mama's  Letter. 

I  hope  you  will  bear  with  me  if  I  take  upon  me  to  give 
you  a  little  advice  in  the  best  manner  I  am  capable,  &  that 
ia  as  you  are  at  y*  same  School  w""  your  Cozen  Jackey  Penn 
k  will  I  hope  have  the  same  Education  you  will  on  your 
part  endeavour  to  Live  in  Strict  Unity  &  Friendship  w"" 
him  k  desire  a  Spirit  of  Emulation  may  arise  in  your  Breast 
to  ec^ual  him  in  all  his  Study's  k  Exercises.  I  have  a  very 
great  regard  to  you  Both  as  Descendants  of  a  Worthy 
Honourable  Family  to  whom  I  am  under  the  greatest  Obli- 
gations k  hope  you  \d\\  Both  Endeavour  to  imitate  their 
"Worthy  Examples,  but  you  must  claim  a  greater  Share  of 
my  Affections  as  I  have  pass'd  away  a  many  pleasing 
Hours  in  your  Innocent  company,  k  I  cant  bear  to  think 
that  you  Shou'd  be  Eclips'd  in  any  one  Virtue  or  Qualifica- 
tion that  becomes  a  Gentleman  k  a  Descendant  of  the 
Family  to  which  you  belong.  Be  pleased  to  give  my 
humb*  Ser\-ice  to  your  little  Cozens  &  a  thousand  Kisses  to 
Dear  Miss  Phil  whom  I  can  truly  say  I  much  Long  to  see, 
my  Sister  Joyns  w'''  me  in  wishing  you  many  happy  years 
&  a  merry  Xtmas,  I  suppose  you  %vill  keep  it  at  Happy 
Feens,  &  cou'd  I  gett  Pacoletts  Horse  I  Shou'd  intrude  as 
one  of  your  Company,  when  you  have  leisure  I  shall  take 
it  very  Kind  if  you  will  please  favour  me  w'^  a  line  k  if 
you  can  think  of  any  thing  from  this  part  of  the  world 
that  will  be  agreable  to  you  write  to  me  for  it  with'  any  sort 
of  Ceremony  &  you  will  oblige  me,  who  am  with  great 
Esteem  D""  master 

Yours  &c. 


rmnsi/lvania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreciation  Pay. 


45 


PENNSYLYAXIA   SOLDIERS   OF  THE   REVOLUTIOX 
ENTITLED   TO    DEPRECIATION   PAY. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  XXVII.  page  471.) 

Monies  paid  by  John  Kicholson,  Comptroller  General,  on  account 
of  Depreciation  of  Pay  of  the  Pennsylvania  Line. 

1789. 

Matthew  Bennett,  Lieut.  Flying  Camp 
Daniel  Godshalk,  private  Second      Regiment 
Thomas  Slattery.         "      Eleventh         " 
Charles  Deckerj,  drummer     "  " 

John  Crawford,  Lieut.  Flying  Camp 
Christopher  New,  private  Second  Eegiment 
John  Craig,  Lieut.  Flying  Camp 
Robert  Sample,  Capt.  Tenth  Regiment 
John  Helm,  "      Fifth  " 

John  Johnston,  Adjutant  Flying  Camp 
Henry  Tritt,  private  Seventh  Regiment 
Iluronimus  Bridgham,  private  Tenth  Regiment 
Daniel  Brodhead  Jr.,       Capt.      Third         " 
Thomas  Collins,  Serg*  Third  Regiment 
James  "Wilson,  Matross  Artillery  Artificers 
David  Son,  private    First         Regiment 

John  Xotestein,      "         Second 
James  Winter,        "         Eleventh 
Simoii  Traynor,      "  Second 

Michael  Dinger,      "         Tliird 
John  Guthrie,      Ensign  Eighth 
Peter  Ilackenbergh,  Ensign  Flying  Camp 
Joseph  Welsh,  Lieut.  " 

John  M'Kee,  private  Eighth  Regiment 

Benjamin  Kinnard,         "       Third  " 

Batrick  Campbell,  "  "  " 


46        Pcnusi/Icania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreeiation  Pay. 

"William  Cummins,  Matross  Capt.  Coreu's  Co. 

Peter  KoUholFer,  Musician  Proctor's  Artillery 

John  Parke,  Lieut.  Second  Pegiment 

Robert  Pobiiison,  Surgeon's  Mate  Flying  Camp 

Daniel  M'Intire,  private  Second  Kegiment 

James  Edgar,  . "  "  <' 

George  Richardson,  Matross  Artillery  Artificers 

John  Murpliy,  private  Second      Regiment 

Israel  Austin,        "        Eleventh  " 

Thomas  Glewa,     "        Fifth  " 

Christian  Byerly, 

John  Harris,  private     Third  " 

James  Richards,  Serg'  Fourth  " 

Abraham  Casserie,  private  Tenth        " 

John  Bugh,  "        First  " 

Adam  Musquetness, 

Joseph  Murphy, 

Abraham  Wood,         "        Eleventh   " 

^lichael  Ring, 

Nathaniel  Irish,  Captain  of  Artillery 

James  Martin,  private  Second  Regiment 

Jacob  Snell,  gunner  Proctor's  Artillery 

Solomon  Townsend,  private  Tenth  Regiment 

James  Scott,  Matross  Artillery  Artificers 

John  Vaughan,  private  Tenth  Regiment 

^Yi^iam  Barrett,    "        Third        " 

John  Walker,         "        Fifth         " 

John  Mapsham,     "  "  « 

Robert  Campbell,  Capt.  Invalid     " 

James  Thompson, 

Duncan  M-^Kinley,      private  Third  Regiment 

Alexander  Williams,       "       i^inth         " 

John  Gordon,  Adj'  Lee's  Legion 

John  Tool,  private  Third  " 

James  Byrnes,  Corp'  Eleventh  " 

Samuel  Porter,  private  Third  " 

Jacob  Warner,  gunner  Artillery  Artificers 


Pennst/lvania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreciation  Pay. 

Christopher  Patterson,  private  Third  Regiment 
Cliristopher  Mingle,  "        Fifth  " 

Michael  Regan,  "        Seeond      " 

William  Stevenson,  ''        Eleventh  " 

Alexander  Gerre,  "       Fifth         " 

Daniel  Armstrong,  *'       Third        " 

David  Einfighter,  Matross  Artillery  Artificers 

Januari/,  17S3. 

Thomas  Jenny,  Lieut.  Fifth  Regiment 

Daniel  Brodhead,  Colonel  Eighth       Regiment 

Jacob  Shively,        private    Second  " 

Edward  Thomas,  dragoon  Cavalry  " 

Joseph  Quality,  Lieut,  of  Xavy 

Alexander  Benstead,  Paymaster  Tenth     " 

John  Green,  Ensign  of  Militia 

John  Priestly,  Capt.  Fifth  Regiment 

Jedidiah  Lippincott,  private  Third  Regiment 

John  Richardson,       Capt.      Fifth  " 

John  Thompson,  Ensign  of  Militia 

Thomas  Jones,  Serg'  Fourth  Regiment 

William  Heilbert,  Matross  Artillerj'  Artificers. 

Christopher  Stewart,  Lieut.  Col.  Third  Regiment 

John  Xice,  Capt.  Sixth  Regiment 

John  King,  Corp^  Fifth         " 

Abner  Everett,  Lieut.  Flying  Camp 

Jacob  Abraham  Crape,  p»rivate  Fifth  Regiment 

Jeremiah  Talbot,  Major    Sixth  " 

James  Morgan,  Serg'     Fifth  " 

Asher  Carter,  Lieut,  of  Militia 

William  ^Maypowder,      private  Eleventh  Regiment 

John  Beatty,  Major   Fifth-  " 

John  Ilolliday,  Lieut.  Flying  Camp 

Daniel  Topham,  Capt.  Thirteentli  Regiment 

John  Johnston,  Adj'  Flying  Camp 

Thomas  Murray,  private  First         Regiment 

AVilliam  Douglass,  "       Eleventh  " 


48 


Pennsi/lvania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Dejyreeiation  Pay. 

James  G.  Heron,  Capt.     Ilazen's     Regiment 

James  Leech,  private  Second  " 

Samuel  Smiley,  "        Fifth  " 

John  Cobea,  Capt.      Second  " 

Matthew  Jones,  private  Fifth  " 
James  McFarlane,  Lieut,  Flying  Camp 

Jeremiah  Jackson,      Capt      Eleventh  " 

Joseph  Lyons,  private  Third  " 


John  Chigney, 

(( 

Fourtli 

William  Fowler, 

<( 

Sixth 

Robert  Cochran, 

a 

Fifth 

Christian  Linn, 

a 

Tenth 

Christopher  Berntheisel,  private  Tenth  Regiment 
Henry  Ilargood,  private  German  Regiment 
John  Stone,  "      Eleventh         " 

John  M^Bride,  "      Tenth  " 

John  Stoy,  Capt.  Second  " 

Joseph  Knowles,  private  Eleventh         " 
John  Berntheisel,      "      Fifth  " 

William  M'Farlane,  Capt  Flying  Camp 
Stout  Branson,  private    Second    Regiment 
Conrad  Shire,  "         Third  " 

John  Ivlinger,     Corp^  "  " 

Peter  Paull,  Ensign  Flpng  Camp 
Hugh  Quea,  Corp'  " 

James  Buchanan,  Serg*  Third  Regiment 
Wilham  Prosser,      "      Fourth      " 
Andrew  Rourke,      " 

AVilliam  "Williams,  Matross  Artillery  Artificers 
Peter  Felix,  -  private  First         Regiment 
Samuel  Hunter,  Corp'  Fourth         *  " 
John  Adams,  private         "  " 

William  Hastings,  private  Eleventh  Regiment 
AVilliam  Falconer,  Corp'     Sixth  " 

William  Byrnes,     Serg*      Eleventh        " 
William  Houston,      "         Tenth 
George  Williams,   private       "  " 


J*awsi/!ra)ua  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreciation  Pay.         49 

]>aiiicl  Council,        Serg'     Eleveutli  Regiment 

.TariKS  nalfpenny,    private  German  " 

James  Moore,  Major   First  " 

William  Entriclien,  late  private  Seventh  Regiment 

Alexander  King,       Corp'  Fourth  Regiment 

Matthew  Hamilton,      "  "  " 

John  Smith,  private  Tenth  " 

John  M'Elhatton,  Capt.  Flying  Camp 

James  Borass,     private  Sixth     Regiment 

William  Welsh,      "        Fourth         " 

John  Marr,  "        Third  " 

John  C.  Latour,  Lieut.  Capt.  Schott's  Company 

Daniel  Brodhead,  Colonel 

John  Cobea,  Capt.  Second  Regiment 

John  Stoy,  "  "  " 

Levi  Griffith,  Lieut.    Fifth  " 

Jonathan  llatton,  private  First  " 

Henry  Piercy,         Lieut.    Second      " 

John  M^Clellan,     Capt.     First  " 

Edward  Crawford,  Lieut.       "  " 

Caleb  Xorth,  Lieut.  CoL  Second         " 

Gibb  Jones,  Capt.  Artillery 

Samuel  Wharton,  private  Second      " 

John  Mackey,  Corp'  Fourth      " 

Jeremiah  Freeman,  Captain  of  Artillery 

Gibb  Jones,  "  " 

John  Minor, 

Robert  Xelson,  Matross  Artillery  Artificers 

John  M'Clellan,  drummer  Third  Regiment 

John  Kerney,  private  "  " 

John  Boyd,  "        Capt.  Wallace's  Co.  Flying  Camp 

Barnabas  Kain,    "  .  «4 

Ignatius  Keating,  Matross  Artillery 

William  JelTeries,  private  Second  Regiment 

Samuel  M^Elhatton,  Ensign  Flying  Camp 

William  Tenant,  private  Fifth  Regiment 

^Villiam  Kirkpatrick,  Corp^  Third  Regiment 

VOL.  XXVIII. — 4 


60        Peroisi/lvayua  Soldiers  entitled  to  JDepreciation  Pau, 

Isaac  Broom,  Serg*  Fonrt]!  Regiment 

Jolin  Crciger,  private  Third  " 

George  Dolling,  Sorg'  Coren's  Company 

James  Yanosten,    "       Artillery 

George  Stewart,  private  Tenth  Regiment 

John  ^Plvown,         "        Second        " 

John  Forger,  "        Eleventh     " 

Andrew  Mullan,      "        Third  " 

Robert  "Wilson,        "  "  " 

Morgan  0 Connor,  Lieut.  Col.  Seventh  Regiment 

Peter  Doyle,  private         Sixth  " 

John  Ford,  "  Third  " 

Charles  Miller,  "  Fourth  " 

John  McGregor,  Serg'  Artillery 

Archibald  M'Xair, 

William  Marnes,  private  Second  Regiment 

William  Xeice,         "        Fifth  " 

Christian  ]Moyer,      "         First  " 

John  Reece,  "         Third  " 

George  M'Cord,       "        Fifth  " 

Samuel  Blackburne,  private  First       " 

John  M^Cullough, 

James  Campbell,  private  Fourth         " 

Andrew  Hoge,  "       Tenth  " 

Timothy  Burns,        "        Third  " 

Philip  Jones,  "       Second  " 

John  Marshall,  Corp'  Artillery  Artificers 

George  Brice,  private  Fifth  Regiment 

Laban  Bowgar,     "       Fourth      " 

George  Biddleson,  private  Second  Regiment 

John  Hutchinson,        "        Fourth         " 

George  Campbell,        "       Third  " 

David  Hall,  «        Fifth  " 

Benjamin  Stagg, 

John  Johnston, 

James  Greer,  private  Flying  Camp 

George  Donnelly,  Serg'  Fourth  Regiment 


J*cn/iS}/lva7ua  Sold  ins  entitled  to  Dcpreciatio)}  ray.        51 

Jaine3  Paiilliill,  Serg'  Artillery  Artificers 

A<lara  Coogler,  Dragoon  Lee's  Legion 

Patrick  Cohen,  Matross  Artillery  Artilicera     ■ 

Tliomas  Vernon,  private  Sixth  Regiment 

Luke  Harper,  "        jS^inth 

Geo.  Will  ^PXott,  farrier  Penna.  Cavalry 

Peter  Rice,  private  Second  Regiment 

Robert  Bready,  Serg'  Fifth        " 

James  Arthurs,  private  Third  Regiment 

Peter  Sides, 

Jacob  Dovenberger,  private  Tenth  Regiment 

Thomas  Collins,  "        Third 

John  Graham, 

Samuel  M'Ellhatten,  Lieut.  Flying  Camp 

Adam  Shafter,  private  " 

Gottlieb  Iletlinger,  private  " 

George  Foster,  "      Eleventh  Regiment 

Joseph  Lewis, 

Jacob  Steinebagh,         "      Second  " 

John  Armstrong,  Serg'       First  " 

Richard  Hutchinson,  private  Eleventh     " 

William  Johnston,      filer        Second       " 

Patrick  Donahue, 

Matt.  Weidman,  Lieut.  Atlee's  Regiment 

John  Rose,  Matross  Artillery  Artificers 

Cornelius  G'w^^'er,   private  Third      Regiment 


Benjamin  Ashton 

> 

Second 

William  Hanna, 

Corp^ 

(( 

John  Ryan, 

private 

Seventh 

George  Helm, 

(< 

Second 

William   Barber, 

(( 

u 

Peter  Dick, 

Edward  Stone, 

« 

(( 

John  Dougherty, 

<( 

i( 

James  M'^Litire, 

<i 

Fourth 

Joseph  Fletcher,  Bombardier  Artillery 
Ludwig  Doamoen,  private  Tenth 


52 


Pennsylvania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreeiation  Poii. 


Fourth  Rt 

^gimcnt 

Second 

(( 

Magaw's 

" 

(( 

(( 

Second 

u 

First 

u 

Second 

" 

" 

u 

Fifth 

(( 

Kinth 

(( 

Ilazeu's 

'' 

Sixth 

u 

Sylvanus  Brown,    private 

AVilliam  Bowman,       " 

Thomas  Dougliertj,    " 

Jacob  Doughty,         Corp' 

John  M'llroy,         private 

Peter  M^Bride,  " 

Barney  Hasson,  " 

Henry  Weiss,  " 

Bernard  Dougherty,  " 

John  M'Griff,  Serg* 

Hugh  Barnet,  Corp' 

John  Ne^Tuan,        Serg' 

Samuel  Fisher,  Capt.  Militia 

John  English,         private    Second         " 

Anthony  Holman,      "         iSTinth  " 

William  Gray,  dec'd,  his  widow 

"William  Douglass,  private  Tenth  " 

John  Craven,  "         Fifth  " 

John  Stout,  "         Second  " 

Thomas  Leister,         <'  "  " 

James  Ashton,        Serg*      Ninth  " 

Charles  Lewis,  Dragoon 

^fartin    Heydler,  private    German         " 

Jacob  Fegan,  Matross  Artillery  " 

Andrew  McKinney,        "  "         Artificers 

John  Kincade, 

John  Thomas, 

Jacob  Stone, 

John  Baker, 

Michael  Joyce, 

Jacob  Peters, 

Patrick  Deady,     private     Second        Regiment 

Robert  McDonald,      "        Fifth  " 

John  Albert,  "         Cadwalader's    " 

Thomas  Alexander,  Bora.  Artillery  Artificers 

John  Ilimebright,  private       Fifth      Regiment 

Morris  Casey,  "  Hazen's       " 


Pams>/lvania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreciation  Pay. 


53 


John  M'Glanghlan, 

William  Killan,  Matross  Artillery  Artificers 
John    Sullivan,  private     Eleventh  Eegiment 
James  Bell,  "  "  " 

Edward  Denny,  Serg*  "  " 

Thomas  Connor,     "  "  " 

David  Alsbaugh,  private    Second  " 

Michael  Hess,  "         German  " 

James  Carter,        Matross    Artillery     " 
Adam  Garlick,  "  "       Artificers 

Michael  Goodman,      "  "  " 

William  Simms,  "  "  " 

private  First     Regiment 
Corp'     Eleventh      « 
private 


Yost  Berger, 
James  Robinson, 
Caspar  Wagoner, 
Patrick  Lafferty, 
Richard  Colgan, 
James  M'Castillon, 
William  Rodman, 
Matthew  Horner, 


German 
Tenth 


Ninth 
Second 


Drum   Major  German 
Fifth 
German 


John  Hart, 

Robert  Fleming,    private 

Henry  Shoub,  " 

Thomas  Vaughan,     "  First             " 

John  M-^Quade,          "  Second         " 

Philip  Saverman,       "  German        " 

Roger  Stayner,      Capt.  Second         " 

John  Abbott,        private  "               " 

William  Bonfar,        "  Tenth           " 

Edward  M'Kellen,    "  Seventh        " 

James  Dunavon,        "  "               " 

William  Roarke,       " 

Alexander  Varner,    "  Fifth             " 

Matthew  Irvine,  Surgeon  Lee's  Legion 

Archibald  Gordon,  private    Eleventh    " 

John  Earhart,                «  Tenth         " 

John  Plass,  " 


54 


Pennsf/lvania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Dcpreeiation  Pay. 


Ileniy  Swetrgaj, 
Andrew  Travis, 
Robert  Coilc, 
George  Whibble, 
John  Anderson, 
John  Grosgill, 
Thomas  Fletcher, 
Thomas  Gilkej, 
Patrick  Iliggins, 
John  Smith, 
Matthew  Ljon,  [?] 


private  German  Regiment 

"         Second  '- 

Third 

"         Second  '' 

"         Sixth  '' 

"         Eleventh  '< 

"         First  " 

"         Tenth  " 

"         German  " 

"         Second  " 

"         First  " 


Mark  Bingley  Worrell,  Sergt  Invalid         " 
Geo.  Jacob  Grinder,  Dragoon  Lee's  Legion 

(To  the  foregoing  officers  and  soldiers  £8112.10.0  was 
paid  on  acconnt.) 


Paid  hy  oi'der  of  the  Council  on  account  of  Bounties  granted  to 
the  Pennsylvania  Line,  per  Pesolution  of  General  Assembly 
March  <?,  1781. 


June-November  y  17S3. 

Dennis  Morarity,       private     First     Regiment 

John  Blakeney, 

"William  ISTicholsen, 

Matthew  Organ, 

Hugh  Stewart, 

Christopher  Ilight, 

William  Reed, 

Robert  Wilson, 

William  Murray,  Corporal 

John  Donavan,  private  Third  Regiment 

Thomas  Kelly,  per  A.  McLean  Esq. 

James  Devett,  private  First  Regiment 

Patrick  Leonard,    "     Artillery 


u 

Second 

u 

First 

u 

(( 

a 

« 

u 

u 

Hazen's 


Pamsylvonia  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreciation  Pay. 


55 


Areount  of  C<Ji>h  paid  to  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  First 
rennsylvania  liegimcnt  at  York  Town  in  part  of  their  pay. 

Paid  Archibald  M°Lcan  Esq"  for  the  purpose  of  paying 
tliu  residue  of  the  Gratuity  and  Bounty  money,  on  account. 

Lieut.  James  ]\PFarlane 
"      William  M^'Dowell 
"       Eobert  ^Martin 


Capt  John  Da\^s 

"  Jacob  Stahe 

"  John  Marshall  (3d) 

«  E.  Burke 

"  John  Steel 

"  John  M'Clellan 

"  Ebenczer  Carson 

"  "SVilliam  Wilson 

Lieut.  James  Campbell 
"      James  Milligan  (4th) 

Surgeon  John  B.  Rodgers 
Q.  M.  Serg'  David  Marshall 


"  Francis  White 

"  Andrew  Johnston 

"  Joseph  Collier 

"  Edward  Cra^^-fo^d 

"■  ]slicliael  Everly 

"  Robert  Alison 

"  William  M°Curdy 

"  William  Feltmau 

Surg.  Mate  John  Rague 


Drummers. 

William  Mitchell  George  M'=Gihigan 

Jacob  Tanner 

Fifers. 

Fife  Major  William  Ferguson 
Robert  Campbell  Andrew  Bird 


Sergeants. 


John  Griffey 
George  Dalton 
Patrick  Preston 
Thomas  Welsh 
John  Winn 
Thomas  Burns 
Thomas  Fanning 
William  Dousrlas 


James  Berry 
Nicholas  Burney 
Michael  Lochery 
Simon- Digby 
Daniel  Humphreys 
Jeremiah  Connell 
Thomas  Scotland 
William  Broadley 
Andrew  Sands 


56 


Powsi/Ivania  Soldins  entitled  to  Depreciation  Pay. 


Corporals. 


Adam  Rupert 
Hugh  Grier 
William  Greenliill 
John  Gower 


George  Lindersmith 
Edward  Blake 
Barney  M'^Guire 


Privates. 


Edward  O'Xeil 
John  McCartney 
Thomas  Shehon 
Samuel  Gorman 
Barney  Rudey 
Philip  Kagle 
James  M'Credy 
Richard  Francis 
Ahraham  Gerhart 
William  M=Connell 
Philip  Mandeville 
Hugh  Henderson 
John  M°Xair 
Thomas  Hamilton 
James  O'Xeal 
Matthew  Hughes 
Thomas  Collins 
Edward  Lardner 
James  Brown 
Felix  M-^Glaughlin 
Martin  Reynolds 
Edward  Beeby 
Michael  Ealey 
Thomas  Rush 
Patrick  Connelly 
John  Ward 
Henry  McCartney 
Christopher  Finnegan 
Thomas  Brown 
Abraham  Boyd 
Thomas  ^Sloore 


Thomas  Rock 
Joseph  Johnston 
Isaac  M^Ilholse 
Timothy  Dunovon 
Matthew  Dougherty 
Michael  Kildea 
Felix  M^Carty 
Philip  Henry 
Richard  Collier 
Richard  Jameson 
James  Filgate 
Robert  M°Gee 
Aaron  Penton 
James  Siggersoll 
Stephen  Cook 
George  Wasselman 
Henry  Mooney 
Isaac  "Willis 
Thomas  Hervey 
Isaiah  M'^Cord 
Charles  Boyles 
Thomas  Boyd 
James  Coulter 
Roger  Casey 
James  M'^Kinzey 
Murdoch  Patterson 
Edward  Kelly 
Samuel  Harmar 
Jonathan  Hutton 
George  B  rani  gen 
Christian  Reiley 


rt^ins^h'ania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreciation  Pay. 


hi 


Samuel  Kline 
Thomas  Hamilton  Jr 
John  M'Carron 
Robert  Squires 
"William  Sparrow 
DaN-id  :NPCarter 
Daniel  Campbell 
Koger  Griffin 
Mathias  Crout 
Mark  ^PCord 
James  M'Clane 
William  Fitzpatrick 
AVilliam  Morris 
Daniel  Quinn 
Charles  Irwin 
Samuel  Lyles 
John  Reynolds 
Jacob  Okerman 
Xicholas  Guiger 
Michael  Gamble 
John  Dunovon 
John  Jameson 
Samuel  Fox 
William  Fox 
Arnold  Peters 
Francis  Enos 
John  Moast 

Col.  Thomas 


Daniel  M-'Mullen 
Peter  Lesk 
Robert  Stubbs 
Wilham  Mullen 
Joseph  Blancher 
^Matthew  Campbell 
James  ^Nfoon 
Patrick  Quinn 
Roger  Leonard 
Thomas  Stewart 
John  Yernon 
Robert  Stanford 
James  Leamey 
Hugo  Bradley 
Timothy  Winters 
Michael  Eirech 
John  Simpson 
Baltzer  Wilhelm 
John  Reeh 
John  Ward 
Thomas  Mortimore 
John  Sigafus 
John  Miller 
Christian  Manning 
James  Gibbons 
Philip  Cook 
Joseph  Moast 
Robinson 


/Xcconnt  of  Monies  paid  to  the  Officers  and  Privates  of  the  Pain- 
sijhania  Line  at  Philadelphia  in  part  of  the  Depreciation 
due  from  the  State  agreeable  to  an  order  of  the  Council  of 
the  2i'^  April  1781. 

Major  Gen.  Arthur  St.  Clair 

Brig.  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne 

Major  Benjamin  Fishbourne  A.  D.  C. 

Major  James  Gibbons  A.  D.  C. 

Capt.  Matthew  M^Connell 


58        Peunsi/lcania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreciation  Pay. 

Colonels. 

Josiah  Ilarmar  Walter  Stewart 

Richard  Ilumpton 

3IaJors. 

James  Moore,  First  James  Hamilton,  Second 

Evan  Edwards,  Eleventh 

CajJtains. 

William  Van  Leer,  Fifth  John  Bankson,  Second 

John  Peai-son,  Second  John  Patterson,       " 

Benj.  Bartholomew,  Fifth  Samuel  Talbot,       " 

Stephen  Stevenson,  Is'inth  Matthew  M'Connell,  Invalid 

Lieutenants. 

Andrew  Lytle,  Fifth  William  Moore,      Second 

J.  F.  M^Phersou,  Sixth  Henry  Piercej,  " 

Joseph  Banks,  First  Jas.  Morris  Jones,        " 

Peter  Summers,  Fourth  James  Whitehead,       " 
Geo.  Xorth,  Q.  M.,  Fifth 

Sergeants. 

Joseph  Dunlap,    Second  Thomas  Kennedy,  Second 

Hugh  Mulhollan,     "  George  Goznall,         " 


Privates. 


Daniel  IS'etherhouse,  Second 

Thomas  Tull, 

Michael  Seman, 

Philip  Springer, 

David  Bollard, 

Henry  Guess, 

George  Albertson, 

Moses  Moreland, 

James  Morrison, 

Nicholas  Stover, 


David  Griffey,  Tenth 
Rudolph  Brookhouse, Tenth 
Jeremiah  Murray,  " 

Philip  Keppo,      Second 
Henry  Hamilton,       " 
Baltzar  Barge,  " 

William  Judges,        " 
John  Hitchins,  " 

John  Engle,  " 

Abraham  Price,         " 


Pcnnsyfvania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreciation  Fay. 

Koa.er  Kennan,     Second        Patrick  Kelly     Second 
Thomas  Smith,  "  John  Campbell, 

j.hnWidman,  "  John  Leonard, 

George  Dicks,  "  Thomas  Kelly,  First 

William  Warner        "  o         ^  ■ 

John  St.  John,  drummer,  Second 

(To  be  continued.) 


59 


60     Pom's  Proposals  for  a  Second  ScitkmnU  in  Penns^jlcania. 


PEXN'S  Pr.OPOSALS  FOE  A  SECOND  SETTLE^MENT  I^^ 
TnE  PEOYI^ICE  OF  PEXXSYLVANIA. 

The  frontispiece  to  tlie  present  number  of  The  Pennsyl- 
vania Magazine  is  a  facsimile  of  tlie  original  broadside, 
"  Some  Proposals  for  a  Second  Settlement  in  tlie  Province 
of  Pennsylvania,"  in  the  collections  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society  of  Philadelphia,  and  is  among  the  rarest 
connected  w-ith  the  early  history  of  the  Province. 

Less  than  a  decade  after  Penn  had  laid  out  liis  city  on  the 
Delaware,  the  success  of  his  improvement  and  the  current 
of  emigration  w^hich  was  fast  entering  the  Province  induced 
Lim  to  select  the  site  for  a  new  city  on  the  east  bank  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  near  where  the  Conestoga  Creek  Hows 
into  it.  To  bring  this  projected  "  Second  Settlement"  to  the 
attention  of  the  public,  Penn  employed  Andrew  Sowle,  in 
1690,  to  print  his  "Proposals,"  in  which  he  sets  forth  the 
great  advantages  of  his  Province  in  location,  "  the  known 
Goodness  of  the  Soyle,"  that  nature  was  prolific  in  vege- 
table life ;  that  in  its  forests  grew  many  valuable  woods ; 
that  game  of  all  kinds  abounded;  that  fish  of  divers  sort.s 
filled  the  streams;  that  the  most  liberal  terms  would  be 
given  to  all  purchasei-s  of  land,  which  would  ''be  clear  of 
all  Indian  pretentions;"  that  the  new  city  would  become  a 
great  centre  of  Indian  traffic  and  commercial  activity,  and 
that  roads  and  waterways  were  projected  to  connect  the 
Delaware  and  Susquehanna  Rivers.  "And  further,  I  do 
promise  to  agree  ^vith  every  Purchaser  that  shall  be  willing 
to  treat  with  me  between  this  and  next  Spring,  upon  all 
such  reasonable  conditions,  as  shall  be  thought  necessary 
for  their  accommodation,  intending,  if  God  please,  to  return 
with  what  speed  I  can,  and  my  Family  with  me,  in  order  to 
our  future  residence." 


?    It n^-.  cL'-s  g.^  g  g- » q  y>i- §  g. s ?r- ^-^  ^ ?j  i     »^^  .^p^??  S^s,^  3  "  5  s-s-c/-.g 


.S  2'm   2.^2. 


^1^- 


5;   ::;.  r-.  "  cr 


•  S'  3  f  -^ 
.^  ^  =■  ?■ 


I'nn's  J'l'oj'O^dls  for  a  Second  Stifkment  in  Fcmisi/Ivmua.      CI 

IVnj),  wirli  his  family,  did  visit  the  Pro\'iiice,  but  nine 
s.'.trs  after  the  date  of  his  "Proposals,"  and  he  had  long 
i.-^-forc  kno'>vn  of  the  fiiiluro  of  his  proposed  "  Second  Settle- 
lijiul"  on  the  hanks  of  the  Susquehanna, 

Tiie  t<)\vn  of  Lancaster,  however,  at  a  later  period,  be- 
•  Mine  an  important  centre  of  Indian  traffic  and  commercial 
;».tivity,  due  to  the  enterprise  of  its  inhabitants  and  the 
lutTcliants  of  the  capital  of  the  Province. 


62  F^-ancis  QunpbeU. 


FEAXCIS   CAMPBELL. 

BY   CUARLES    II.    BROWNING. 

Francis  Campbell  was  one  of  tlie  many  interesting  pio- 
neers of  the  Cumberland  Valley  of  whom  no  sketch  has 
been  written.  It  is  not  known  where  he  came  from,  nor  is 
his  parentage  known/  Dr.  Egle's  "  Campbell  Pedigree,"  in 
his  "  Pennsylvania  Genealogies,"  to  the  contrary  notwith- 
etanding,- 

^rr.  Campbell  seems  to  have  had  a  good  education,  to 
have  been  a  man  of  culture  and  refinement,  and  certainly 
was  a  ready  and  forcible  writer,  judging  from  his  letters  to 
the  Provincial  Council.  Primarily  he  was  a  merchant  or 
general-store  keeper,  filled  -with  honor  several  offices  of 
trust,  and  was  highly  respected  by  his  neighbors.  He  was 
prominent  in  Presbyterian  Church  aflairs  of  his  neighbor- 
hood, for  in  May,  1765,  "Francis  Camble"  (his  will  is 
signed  "  Fra.  Campble")  was  one  of  the  guarantors  of  the 
salary  of  the  minister,  Mr.  Cooper,  of  the  Middle  §^ring 

^Dr.  Egle  has  stated  that  he  was  born  in  1737.  This  date  is  certainly- 
incorrect,  as  "  Francis  Campble"  was  a  taxable  in  1750,  and  had  before 
been  a  leader  in  the  meetings  called  to  protest  against  the  removal  of 
the  county  court-house  from  Shippensburg  to  Carlisle.  Dr.  Egle  also 
places  him  as  a  son  of  John  Campbell,  an  Episcopalian  minister,  who 
died  at  York,  Penna.,  in  1764,  son  of  John  Campbell,  who  was  buried 
in  the  Derry  churchyard,  " d.  20  Feb.  1734,  aged  79  years."  The 
only  P.  E.  minister  named  "John  Campbell"  who  lived  in  York  died 
in  1819,  his  son  "Francis"  was  born  in  1787,  and  this  minister 
was,  anyway,  the  son  of  the  Francis  of  whom  I  write,  and  not  his 
father. 

'"Joseph  Cammil"  was  one  of  the  unlicensed  traders  in  Lancaster 
County,  10th  August,  1748,  and  at  this  date  received  his  license  as  Indian 
trader.  {Pcnna.  Arch.,  II.  14.)  In  September,  1754,  "Joseph  Campbell" 
was  killed  by  an  Indian  named  Israel,  near  Parnall's  Knob,  at  the 
house  of  Anthony  Tomson.  He  may  have  been  the  Indian  trader. 
{Penna.  Arch.,  II.  173,  letter  of  George  Croghan.) 


F)-anc(S  Campbell  63 

rri-I'Vterian  Churcli ;  and  two  years  sub5CC|uently  lot  ^o. 
'•:'.  ill  Sliippensburg,  was  conveyed  in  trust  to  liim  by  Ed- 
•,i.;ir<l  Shiiipen,  for  a  Presbyterian  cburcli,  at  the  yearly 
T.  titiil  of  one  penny  sterling.  In  1768  a  log  cabin  was 
If  oted  on  this  lot  for  the  use  of  the  Presbyterians, — the 
Ilrr-t  *' church"  in  the  town.  Previous  to  this  the  Presby- 
t*  rians  had  worshipped  at  the  Middle  Spring  Church,  a  log 
c:Ann  erected  in  1738  in  Hopewell  Township,  adjoining 
Sliipj'cnsburg,  of  which  Francis  Campbell  was  an  elder. 
He  had  a  farm  of  two  hundred  and  seventy  acres  there, 
wliich  he  had  purchased  in  June,  1753,  from  Samuel  Cul- 
bcrt.son,  yeoman.  In  1767/8  a  tract  of  land  in  Hopewell 
Township,  called  Mount  Hope,  was  sold  by  the  State  to 
IVancis  Campbell  and  others,  trustees  for  the  Middle  Spring 
rresbyterian  Church.  This  tract  was  patented  in  1790  by 
these  trustees,  and  in  1793  was  deeded  to  the  church  at 
Middle  Spring. 

In  this  connection  the  correspondence  about  Mr.  Camp- 
I'vll  between  the  Governors  of  ^Maryland  and  Pennsylvania 
i<  singular  and  interesting.  In  1750  "Francis  Campbell, 
of  Shippensburg,"  was  licensed  to  trade  with  the  Indians, 
'.un\  in  July,  1754,  he  was  among  the  signers  of  a  petition 
to  Governor  Hamilton  about  protection  from  the  Indians ; 
yet  in  this  year  the  Governor  of  Maryland  suggested  tluit 
Nfr.  Campbell  was  not  to  be  trusted  in  intercourse  with  the 
Iiuliaus,  as  he  was  dangerous  as  a  Roman  Catholic. 

In  1754,  December  27,  Governor  Sharpe,  of  Maryland, 
wrote  to  the  Pennsylvania  Governor: 


"  Xi  the  conduct  and  behaviour  of  that  Mr,  Croghan  .  .  .  was 
rfprc?entcd  to  me  in  no  favorable  light,  I  cannot  help  taking  the  lib- 
erty to  mention  some  things  that  have  been  said  of  him.  ...  It 
hiK  l>een  asserted  that  he  is  a  Eoman  Catholic,  and  that  one  Campbell, 
a  p<?rson  of  the  same  persuation,  generally  resides  at  his  house  ;  that 
KTeral  circumstances  afford  room  to  suspect  that  this  Campbell  paid  a 
*I»il  sometime  since  to  the  French  fort,  but,  indeed,  I  should  not  have 
nvt-n  much  credit  to  such  a  story  as  this  without  it  had  been  supporttni 
Ir  ftrongcr  proofs  than  were  offered  to  me  bad  not  the  behaviour  of  Mr. 


54  Fi-ancis  Campbell. 

Crogban  in  opening  a  letter  of  tlie  greatest  importance  .  .  .  whicli 
was  not  directed  to  him  ...  did  not  make  me  a  little  suspicious 
of  his  integrity  and  fidelity." 

This  siiir-ests  that  Mr.  Campbell,  being  a  Eonian  Catho- 
lic, was  likely  to  s^Tiipathize  with  the  French  and  Indians, 
and  not,  therefore,  fit  for  an  Indian  agency.     In  replying 
to  the  Maryland   Governor's   complaint,  the   Governor  of 
Pennsylvania  stated,  January  7,  1754/5,  that  Mr.  Croghan 
had  never  been  deemed  a  Koman   Catholic ;  but  that  he 
was  educated  in   or  came   from  Dublin,   and  "  I  observe 
what  you  say  of  William  Croghan,  ...  at  present  I  have 
no  one  to  enquire  of  as  to  the  truth  of  the  particulars  men- 
tioned in  yours,  .  .  .  but  Mr.  Peters  .  .  .  informs  me  that 
there  is  one  Francis  Campbell,  a  store-keeper  at  Shippens- 
burg,  who  was  bred  for  the  church,  as  he  has  heard,  among 
the°Roman    Catholics,   but   he    has    the    character    of  an 
honest,  inoftensive  man,  and  it  is  not  likely  that  he  either 
concerns  himself  with  the  French,  or  can  be  the  person 
mentioned  (by  you)  to  reside  at  Auchquick."     He  further 
said  that  he  'thought  the  "  Campbell"  alluded  to  by  Gov- 
ernor Sharpe  was  "  an  old  man,  one  of  the  lowest  sort  of 
Indian    traders,  who  is  often  ^%-ith    the    Indians,  and   has 
been  mentioned   under  the  name  of  Joseph  Campbell,  as 
a  suspected  person,  for  his  leanings  towards  the  French, 
by  Mr.   Croghan  at  a  meeting  of  the  Commissioners  at 
Carlisle."  ^ 

1  In  a  memorial  to  Governor  Sliute,  of  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony,  from 
the  Scotch  Presbyterians,  residents  in  the  north  of  Ireland,  dated  26th 
March,  1718,  thev  stated  their  inclination  to  remove  themselves  to  New 
England,  as  colonists,  on  satisfactory  terms.  But  they  did  not,  and 
subsequently  many  of  thwe  memorialists— among  them,  George,  James, 
and  William  Campbell— came  to  Penn's  Colony,  and  took  up  land  in 
that  part  of  Chester  County  which  in  1729  became  Lancaster  County. 
Families  of  the  name  of  Campbell  are  found  located,  in  early  Colonial 
days,  in  the  dozen  counties  erected  out  of  the  original  Chester  County. 
Of  these  early  pioneers  : 

1720.  Patrick  Campbell  took  up  land  in  Conc-stoga  or  Donegal 
Township,  and  was  connected  with  the  Derry  church,  1724  ;  and,  1729, 


D'ancis  Campbell.  G5 

Because  of  Mr.  Peters's  statement  it  has  always  been 
Mi|.{-o?ed  by  his  descendants  that  Francis  Campbell   was 

on  the  erection  of  Lancaster  County,  was  the  first  constable  of  Donegal 
Township  and  also  its  first  assessor.      He  d.  in  1735. 

I7J0.  Samuel  Campbell  was  a  land-owner  in  the  Scotch  settlement 
in  the  northern  part  of  New  Loudon  Townshjp. 

1720.  John  Campbell  petitioned  the  Board  of  Property'  for  a  grant  of 
vnc  hundred  acres  in  New  Castle  County. 

1724.  Robert  Campbell  was  one  of  the  earliest  members  of  the  Derry 
f  iiurch.  In  its  graveyard  is  a  stone  to  John  Campbell,  d.  20th  February, 
17.5-1,  .iged  seventy-nine.  He  is  supposed  to  have  come  over  from  Ire- 
land in  172C,  and  is  thought  to  have  removed  to  Shippeusburg  ;  and 
that  Joseph  and  "William  Campbell,  who  bought  lots  Nos.  77  and  116 
there,  were  his  brothers  ;  and  two  other  brothers,  Eobert  and  Dugal, 
ronioved  to  Orange  County,  Va. ;  and  that  of  his  childi-en,  Alexander 
und  James  v,-ere  warrantees  for  two  hundred  and  three  hundred  acres  in 
I7;^.i-37  in  Derry  Township,  and  Patrick,  Robert,  and  David  went  to  St. 
M.-irk's  Parish,  Orange  County,  Va.,  1732-41,  and  subsequently  Patrick 
•^'ttled  in  Augusta  County,  Va.  The  information,  on  traditions  con- 
tiT.iing  the  connection  of  the  Virginia  Campbells  with  those  of  early 
iVnnsylvania,  is  vague.  However,  there  is  a  sheriff's  writ,  dated  19th  No- 
V.  inber,  174G,  for  the  arrest,  for  a  debt  of  £146,  of  "Andrew  Campbell,  late 
of  your  [Lancaster]  County,  yeoman,  otherwise  called  xlndrew  Campbell 
of  Orange  County,  in  the  Colony  of  Virginia,  yeoman  ;"  and  another  writ, 
dati^  f.th  November,  175S,  to  arrest  John  Campbell,  late  of  Lanca:3ter 
County,  yeoman,  to  answer  Redman  Conyngham,  administrator  of  the 
estate  of  John  Henderson,  deceased  ;  and  another,  4th  May,  1759,  to  arrest 
JuJiiiT?  Campbell,  yeoman,  late  of  Lancaster  County,  for  a  debt.  As 
ilux;  debtors  departed  for  Virginia,  these  writs  may  be  of  genealogi- 
cal u>e. 

1734.  Patrick  Campbell,  aged  twenty,  and  John  Campbell,  aged 
twenty,  came  over  in  the  ship  "Hope,"  and  took  the  oath  of  allegiance. 
li-rnrird  Campbell  also  came  in  this  ship  from  Rotterdam. 

1735.  Warrant  for  land  in  Lancaster  County  issued  to  Andrew 
Ca:.ipbcll.     lie  lived  in  Salsbury  Township.     Will  proved  1st  July,  1 752. 

1730.  Warrant  for  land  in  Lancaster  County  to  John  Campbell. 
He  d.  intestate  in  Londonderry  Township,  1775.      " 

1<3S.  William  Campbell  was  a  warrantee  for  the  land  on  which 
thr  Mcrcersburg  Presbyterian  church  was  built. 

1'35.  Warrant  to  William  Campbell  and  John  Diddle  for  a  square 
of  pround  in  Philadelphia, 

'  -{7-9.  David  Campbell  was  a  warrantee  for  four  hundred  acres  in 
I>erry  Township. 

VOL.  xxviir. — 5 


66  JF'rancis  QimpbcU. 

originally  a  Eoman  Catholic,  and  because  of  the  influence 
about  him  and  for  business  reasons  lie  became  a  Pres- 
byterian, but  the  Roman  Catholics  of  the  Valley  stiil 
cite  him  as  always  one  of  their  faith.  (See  article  on 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church  at  Carlisle,  in  the  maga- 
zine of  the  Catholic  Historical  Society,  Philadelphia.) 
Mr.  Peters  may  have  been  misinformed,  yet  what  he 
stated  suggests  that  Mr.  Campbell  may  have  come  to 
the  Valley  from  the  Roman  Catholic  congregation  of 
Maryland. 

Surely  the  CN-idence  in  the  Fennsi/hama  Archives  is 
against  "  Mr.  Francis  Campbell"  ever  sympathizing  with 
the  Indians.  Under  date  of  14th  November,  1755,  he  wrote 
from  Shippensburg  a  letter  to  the  Governor,  who  laid  it 
before  the  Provincial  Council,  as  to  the  Indians  in  his 
neighborhood,  and  was  in  Captain  Culbcrtson's  rifle  com- 
pany of  Shippensburg  men  at  the  memorable  engage- 
ment with  the  Indians  at  Sideling  Ilill,  in  xVpril,  1756,  and 
was  wounded.  Under  date  of  17th  April,  1756,  he  sent 
'the  fullest  descriptive  report  of  this  afiair  to  the  Provincial 
Council,  which  Scott  gives  in  full  in  his  "  History  of  Cum- 
berland County,"  -p.  250. 

That  he  was  a  reliable  trader  with  the  Indians  is  also  in 
evidence  in  the  Pennsylvania  Archives. ,  At  the  Provincial 
Council  meeting,  26th  April,  1758, — "  a  recommendation  by 
the  Commissioners,  under  the  Act  for  preventing  abuses  in 
the  Indian  trade,  by  John  Carson," — it  was  recommended 
that  Francis  Campbell  or  Xathaniel  Holland  be  agent  at 
Fort  Augusta  (Sunbury),  and  to  be  commissioned  accord- 
ingly. This  w^as  favorably  considered,  "and  Francis  Camp- 
bell is  approved  of  and  appointed  to  be  Indian  agent  at 
Fort  Augusta,  and  to  be  commissioned  accordingly."  But 
a  Council  minute,  5th  June,  1758,  says,  Francis  Campbell 
having  declined  to  accept  the  commission,  Mr.  Holland 
was  appointed. 

On  17th  October,  1764,  the  Governor  appointed  Mr. 
Campbell  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  County  Board  of 


F)'ajicis  C<imphcU.  67 

Justices,  and  in  1769  he  was  reappointed.  It  is  said  that 
lie  was  also  the  County  Surveyor  for  several  years. 

According  to  two  deeds,  in  1753  Mr.  Campbell  was 
both  a  storekeeper  and  an  "  inn-holder"  in  Shippensburg. 
On  Ins  decease  he  was  succeeded  in  the  store  by  his  sons 
Ebenczer  and  Francis.  Mr.  Campbell  was  one  of  the  earli- 
est land-property  holders  in  and  about  Shipponsburg, — 
Iiolding  town  lots  upon  "  permits"  from  Edward  Shippen, 
the  lord  of  the  manor,  for  which,  in  1763,  he  passed  deeds 
to  Mr.  Campbell  for  town  lots  Xos.  3,  4,  12,  13,  and  14, 
with  the  annual  quit-rent  clause.  It  is  rather  singular,  but 
the  usual  records  of  such' information  reveal  nothing  of  the 
movementa  or  whereabouts  or  opinions  or  actions  of  !Mr. 
Francis  Campbell  during  the  years  of  our  struggle  for  in- 
dependence. Excepting  that  in  October,  1775,  lie  wrote  to 
the  Council  from  Shippensburg  about  local  Indians,  he  is 
not  heard  of  during  these  stirring  times.  But  he  had  one 
son,  Robert,  killed  in  1779,  and  another,  Francis,  a  private 
in  Captain  "Wilson's  company,  Sixth  Battalion  Pennsylvania 
Line.  Francis  Campbell,  Sr.,  made  his  will  at  Shippens- 
burg, 8th  August,  1790,  which  was  probated  and  recorded 
at  Carlisle,  9th  March,  1791.  He  bequeathed  land  in  Ship- 
pensburg and  in  Hopewell  Township,  called  "  the  Forest," 
and  tracts  near  Fort  Littleton  and  elsewhere,  his  wife 
Elizabeth  to  have  legal  share  and  to  continue  "  her  resi- 
dence in  the  mansion  house  on  the  Middle  Spring  planta- 
tion during  her  natural  life  or  her  second  marriage,"  which 
fcfhows  Mr.  Campbell  to  have  been  generous  and  unselfish 
with  his  wife,  who  was  a  young  woman.  This  was  his 
second  wife.  When  or  where  he  married  either  wife  is 
unknown. 

By  his  first  wife  Mr.  Campbell  had  two  sons,  John  and 
Robert. 

1.  Hcv.  John  Ciwiphcll,  D.D.,  6.  1752.  He  was  educated 
at  Princeton,  ordained  in  England,  and  m.  at  Hartford,  v/hile 
rector  of  All  Saints  Church  there,  the  mayor  of  the  city's 
daughter,  Catherine  Cutler.     On  6th  July,  1784,  he  became 


68  D-aiicis  Campbell. 

the  rector  of  St.  John's  P.  E.  Church,  at  York,  Penna.  Tlie 
York  County  Acack^niy,  at  York,  was  built  througli  his 
efforts,  as  he  travelled  over  many  States  in  1785--S7  solicit- 
ing contributions  of  money  for  this  institution,  which  was 
attached  to  his  church.  In  1789  he  removed  to  Carlisle, 
Penna.,  as  rector  of  the  P.  E.  Church;  then  the  Academy 
at  York  began  to  fail,  and  in  1797  its  property  was  surren- 
dered to  the  State,  and  1st  March,  1799,  it  was  chartered 
and  endowed,  and  one  of  its  first  trustees  under  the  char- 
ter was  James  Campbell,  lawyer,  a  son  of  Mr.  Campbell, 
of  Shippensburg.  (See  Glossbreuner's  "  History  of  York 
County.") 

Pev,  John  Campbell  remained  as  rector  at  Carlisle  till  his 
decease,  when  he  was  interred  in  the  AYatts  family  burial- 
lot  there,  with  the  follo^nng  inscription  on  his  tombstone  : 

"  Sacred  to  the  Memory  of  Rev.  John  Campbell,  D.D., 
who  departed  this  life  May  16,  1819,  in  his  67th  year; 
more  than  thirty  years  Pastor  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  in  Carlisle." 

He  was  a  very  large  man,  "  tall  and  portly,  with  a  florid 
complexion.  His  discourses  were  well  written  and  deliv- 
ered with  power." 

2.  Captain  Bobcrt  Campbell.  He  first  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  the  company  of  Captain  Peebles,  in  Cumberland  County, 
in  1776,  and  became  third  lieutenant  in  it.  On  April  8, 1777, 
he  was  commissioned  tirst  lieutenant  in  the  Second  Canadian 
Regiment,  or  "  Congress's  Own,"  Colonel  Moses  Hazen, 
and  was  in  General  Sullivan's  Staten  Island  expedition,  where 
he  lost  an  arm  and  was  taken  prisoner,  August  22,  1777, 
but  rejoined  his  regiment  on  August  5,  1778,  and  on  Janu- 
ary 1,  1779,  was  transferred  to  the  Invalid  Regiment  at 
Philadelphia.  He  took  an  active  part  in  trying  to  suppress 
the  militia  riots  in  Pliiladelphia,  and,  while  defending  his 
friend  James  Wilson  from  a  mob  of  soldiers  that  sur- 
rounded Wilson's  residence  at  Third  and  Walnut  Streets, 
he  was  killed,  October  4, 1779.  He  had  been  married  only 
a  few  days  before. 


F)'a7K'is  Qimpbfli.  69 

Of  the  issue  of  Rev.  Dr.  Campbell : 

I.  Elizabeth,  m.  June  2G,  1817,  Colonel  AVashington  Lee, 
of  Harrisburg,  Penna.,  and  Xatchez,  Miss.,  a  sou  of  Captain 
Andrew  Lee,  of  the  Continental  army,  and  liad  :  James, 
rurker,  and  Francis. 

IT.  Frances,  m.  James  Armstrong,  of  Williamsport, 
IV'nna.,  and  had  Wiliiam  H. 

in.  Jane,  d.  loim. 

IV.  Francis  Cald'ccU,  lawyer,  b.  York,  April  18,  1787,  (/. 
Williamsport,  April  "21,  1867;  ?/?.,  May,  ISIG,  Jane  Hep- 
burn, 1795-1867.  Issue  (see  Meginniss's  "  Historical  Jour- 
nal," II.  250,  and  Meginniss's  "Biographies"). 

Y.  Richard  (?). 

>[r.  Francis  Campbell,  Sr.,  of  Shippensburg,  m.,  sec- 
ondly, Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Parker,  of  Carlisle, 
1716-1785,  by  his  wife  Margaret  McClure  (see  "  Parker," 
in  Dr.  Egle's  "  Pennsylvania  C4enealogies"),  and  had  by 
lier : 

I.  F-ancis,  Jr.,  merchant,  d.  in  1808  at  Shippensburg, 
intestate.  He  m.  Sarah,  who  survived  him,  daughter  of 
Stephen  Duncan,  of  Carlisle,  and  had  issue :  Francis,  d. 
unrn.  at  Chillicothe,  Ohio;  Daniel  Duncan;  Eliza.beth ;  Jfaru 
Ann,  m.  at  Harrisburg,  1816,  Charles  S.  Carson;  Flb.n 
Duncan,  rn.  Y^illiam  McClure;  James  Parker,  b.  1806,  d. 
Cincinnati,  1849,  m.  Harriet,  daughter  of  Daniel  Drake, 
^[.D.,  of  Cincinnati,  and  had  Frank  D.,  James  P.,  and 
Xellie ;  Samuel  Duncan,  d.  Chillicothe,  Ohio.  Issue :  Mrs. 
Clark  Story  and  Mrs.  James  Quinn,  of  Chillicothe. 

II.  Ebcnezei',  merchant  at  Shippensburg,  Strasburg, 
Washington,  in  Penna.,  and  Portsmouth,  Ohio.  He  //(. 
Eleanor  or  Ellen,  daughter  of  Captain  Samuel  McCune, 
farmer,  of  Hopewell  Township,  and  had  issue:  Flizabeth, 
d.  unrn.;  Ellen,  m.  James  H.  Lea,  Philadelphia;  and  Mary 
Barr,  m.  Samuel  Ogden,  and  had  :  George  C,  of  Covington, 
Ky.,  and  Mrs.  Laura  Louise  "Whaling,  of  Cincinnati. 

III.  Nancu,  m.  Robert  Tate.     Issue. 

lY.  James,  lawyer,  of  York,  Penna.,  and  Xatchez,  >[iss., 


70  Fi-ancis  Campbell. 

1807.  lie  m.  Cassandana,  daughter  of  General  Henry  Miller, 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Line,  Continental  army,  and  iiad : 
Sarah,  d.  unm. ;  Ilenrij  McConndl,  d,  num.;  and  Jidiana 
Watts,  d.  unm. 

V.  Parker,  a  lawyer,  of  Washington,  Penua.,  d.  July  30, 
1824.  He  m.  Elizabeth  Calhoun,  of  Charnbersburg,  who  d. 
at  Xatehez  in  1846,  and  had:  Nancy,  m.  Samuel  Lyon; 
Elizabeth,  w.  (1)  William  Chambers,  of  Chambersburg,  m. 
(2)  John  S.  Brady,  of  Washington,  Penna. ;  Eleanor,  m.  John 
Eitchic;  Francis,  d.  unm.  1844;  John,  d.  unm.;  Parker,  of 
Richmond,  Va.,  1815-1880.     Issue. 

VI.  Elizabeth,  d.  unm.  after  1821. 
Vn.   Georcje,  living  1790. 

These,  his  children,  are  all  named  in  the  \W11  of  "  Francis 
Campble,"  the  elder. 


Letters  of  Christopher  Marshall  to  Peter  31Uler. 


71 


iriTEKS   OF   CIlPaSTOPirER   ^lAESIIALL    TO   PETER 
MILLER,  OF  EPHRATA. 

[The  followiug  letters  of  Christopher  Mar.^hall,  the  well-known 
(li  iri<t,  to  Peter  Miller,  the  head  of  the  Ephrata  Community,  have 
l.en  selected  from  the  Letter-Book  of  the  former  in  the  library  of  The 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.] 

Philad.  Augs*  10'"  1773. 
Peter  Miller. 
AVouTHY  Friexd. 

I  am  just  favoured  with  thy  friendly  Epistle,  and  thank- 
fully receive  thy  kind  salutation  of  Love  and  Respect,  the 
which  with  grateful  returns  y'  flows  from  a  heart  of  y*  sin- 
cerely wishes  thy  welfare,  I  greet  thee. 

Thou  has  now  been  so  kind  as  to  inform  me  y'  thou  liad 
printed  the  Father's  discourses  k  has  sent  them  for  sale  to 
yV  Reinholds  unto  who  I  immediately  went  &  found  them 
there,  but  in  the  dutch  Language,  the  which  I  hope  vAW  be 
of  service  to  those  who  are  acquainted  with  y'  Dialect.  But 
thine  and  thy  Father's  Friends  k  welwishers  amongst  thy 
English  Friends  will  be  unpro\aded,  but  yet  I  shall  be 
pleased  to  find  y*  those  writtings  will  be  received  &  have  a 
hearty  reception  amongst  our  Dutch  Brethren. 

Thou  observes  y'  as  for  myself  y*  I  have  the  most  of  them 
already  translated  into  English,  for  these  gift  and  the  trouble 
in  translating  I  look  upon  myself  to  be  largely  endebted  to 
thee  for,  and  were  the  translation  completed  it  would  con- 
Biderably  add  to  my  debt,  but  be  thou  assured  that  I  find 
in  myself  a  free  &  hearty  disposition  fully  to  discharge  what 
may  be  adequate  to  the  trouble  when  I  am  called  upon  and 
will  faithfully  and  with  alacrity  do  it. 

Thou  says  thou  could  send  me  good  Tydings  concerning 
the  Ilouse'^of  Zion  but  at  that  time  thou  forbore.  But  had 
thou  done  it,  I  am  sure  it  might  have  been  agreeable,  as 


72  Letters  of  Christopher  3IarshalI  to  Peter  3Iiller. 

every  account  from  tlie  true  watchmen  y'  wait  on  tlie  "Walls 
of  Zion  (one  at  which  I  presume  thou  art)  would  bo  very 
agreeable  to  me. 

I  sincerely  salute  thee,  remaining  thine  &  thy  Brethren's 
aftectionate  friend — to  serve  when  capable, 

Christopher  Marshall. 
To  be  Forwarded  pr  the  Favour 
of  Friend  Eeinhold  to  Ephrata. 

PiiiLDA  Aug.  8'"  1774 
Much  Esteemed  Peter  Miller. 

I  greet  thee  with  the  salutation  of  peace  and  kiss  of 
Charity,  and  was  it  not  that  I  was  sensibly  convinced  of 
the  love  and  respect  thou  bears  towards  all  that  love  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ,  I  could  not  expect  thy  favorable  corre- 
spondance. 

Just  as  I  received  thy  epistle  there  was  a  vessel  going  for 
England  by  which  I  dispatched  thine,  and  when  an  answer 
is  reed  by  me  I  shall  readily  communicate  unto  thee — I 
take  kindly  thy  sentiment  respecting  of  my  house  being 
still  as  an  assylum  for  all  indegent  cast  ofi"  (as  thou  says 
thou  saw  Peter  Barker  there)  I  could  wish  that  I  could 
make  it  more  so,  notwithstanding  the  ill  treatment,  by  ap- 
probious  language  I  have  mett  with  upon  that  account. 
Yet  nevertheless  I  hope  that  no  discouragments  in  that 
way,  will  have  force  enough  to  prevent  me.  But  on  the 
other  hand,  that  both  my  Heart  &  House  I  pray  be  kept 
wide  open,  for  the  reception  and  comfort  of  all  those,  whom 
the  self  righteouse  Bigot,  Scribe,  and  Pharisees  of  our  age, 
may  reject,  banish,  and  contemn,  as  unworthy  of  (their 
Heaven)  their  notice  and  regard. 

Thy  Puminating,  as  thou  says,  upon"  thy  return  home,  on 
the  kindnesses  thou  and  company  had  received  in  Philad, 
was  I  presume  the  sheaff  of  peace,  as  a  reward  for  thy 
labour  in  complying  with  preforming  that  friendly  visit,  for 
notwithstanding  the  great  quantity  of  Chaffe  visible  in  our 
streets,  yet  there  is  some  powerful  weiglity  wdieat  that  is 


jMhrs  of  Christopher  Marshall  to  Petir  Miller.  73 

cuvcreil  in  tliat  heap — which  the  great  Lord  will  gather  in 
Ilia  own  time  into  his  Garner.  Thine  and  Brothers  jour- 
h.-v  towards  Pittsburgh,  I  presume  proved  for  the  present 
ahortive,  by  your  being  stopped  at  Bedford  through  the 
'.li.-turbance  of  the  Indians.  I  hope  that  your  return  back 
was  agreeable  to  the  mind  of  our  great  Master,  in  whose 
blessed  hands  is  enclosed  the  times  and  Seasons,  and  order 
of  the  ages  in  the  disposal  of  events,  and  who  also  told  his 
(li-ciplcs  that  they  should  hear  of  Wars  and  rumours  of 
Wars,  that  Xation  should  rise  against  Xation,  the  Father 
against  tlie  son,  and  the  son  against  the  Father  all  these 
are  the  begining  of  Sorrows. 

Xow  my  good  Friend  are  not  these  times  already  arrived, 
have  we  not  only  heard  of  AVars,  famine,  and  dessolation  in 
divers  places,  but  are  not  these  times  allready  begun  in  these 
the  Brittish  Colonies,  the  once  (and  y'  not  long  since)  the 
land  of  Peace  and  Plenty,  but  now  O,  Sorrowfully  Altered — 
is  not  War  declared  against  us,  by  our  parents,  and  in  Con- 
M^-quence  of  that,  have  they  not  only  sent  a  large  Arma- 
ment both  by  sea  and  by  land,  and  therewith  taken  pos- 
ge>sion  of  our  sister  Colonies  by  taking  away  her  trade, 
Sjioiled  her  Commerce  and  whatever  else  they  have  thought 
proper.  And  what  more,  why  they  utter  and  pronounce 
threats  of  distruction  unto  all  that  oppose  their  unjust 
proceedings. 

15ro.  Sam'l  Eckerline  I  am  informed  was  in  town,  about 
two  weeks  past,  but  he  never  so  much  as  oncet  called  to 
t^oe  me,  his  reasons  for  so  doing  is  best  known  to  himself, 
as  I  have  done  him  no  diskindness  except  as  I  have  done 
luito  thee  used  great  freedom,  for  which  I  crave  thy  in- 
dulgence, when  thou  sees  him  and  its  agreeable  to  thee, 
ph-ase  present  my  love  to  him  and  Zekiel — I  wish  thee  now 
strength,  and  ability  to  preform  eftectually  the  superscrip- 
iiMii  on  the  Stone  that  is  to  be  erected  to  the  Memory  of 
"ur  worthy  friend  and  Elder  Brother  Friedsam  Gottrecht, 
^vlio  I  liope  is  at  rest  in  his  Paradisical  Mansion — My  kind 
»nvl  atiectionate  Love,  Greeting  unto  thee,  to  Brother  Obed 


74  Letters  of  Christopher  Marshall  to  Peter  Jliller. 

unto  all  the  other  Brethren  and  Sisters  in  your  foraily — Li 
■svhich  salutation  my  wife  joins  me ! 

rp      T)    ^        Af-n  CURISTOPUER  ]\[aRSHALL 

To  Peter  Miller 

at  Ephrata  pr  favour  of 

Adam  Kimmel — 

Peter  Miller  Puila^  Decembr.  26'^  1776 

Respected  Friexd. 

Thou  may  thuik  of  the  old  proverb,  "  out  of  sight,  out 
of  mind,"  but  this  has  not  been  my  ease  of  which  I  think 
thou  will  be  convinced  when  I  have  informed  thee  of  the 
painful  Exercises  I  am  and  have  been  engaged  in  from  the 
o"*  inst.  that  is  at  the  request  of  the  Council  of  Safety,  I 
accepted  to  call  on  some  of  my  fellow  citizens  as  many  as  I 
thought  convenient  to  assist  me  in  taking  care  of  the  dis- 
tressed and  sick  soldiers  as  they  come  into  town,  pro^dde 
for  them  such  necessaries  as  could  be  procured  &  convenient 
for  them  in  their  unhappy  grevious  condition  of  which  no 
idea  thou  can  form  will  come  up  to  their  Distresses  and  was 
occasioned  wholly  through  the  Cruel  and  most  barbarous 
severity  inflicted  on  them  whilst  Prisoners  under  General 
Howe  and  his  associates,  of  which  some  Hundreds  are 
already  dead  &  others  dying  daily  notwithstanding  all  the 
assistance  afforded  them — 

They  say  that,  for  the  first  four  days  no  subsistance  of 
any  kind  was  allowed  them,  shut  up  in  IN'asty  filthy  places 
&  y'  in  such  numbei^s  y'  it  was  a  wonder  that  any  escaped 
an  afiection,  when  supplyed  it  was  with  short  allowance 
of  extremely  bad  bread  and  raw  pickeled  pork — this  from 
their  appearance  is  not  exaggerated  the  objects  speak  for 
themselves  skins  covered  %\4th  filth  and  lice  covering  a 
parcel  of  bones — with  scarcely  raggs  sufficient  to  hide  their 
nakedness,  Xature  so  emaciated  that  in  some  hundreds  of 
them  there  is  hardly  enough  abel  to  hand  the  others  a  drink 
of  water — Thus  I  have  give  thee  but  a  feint  sketch  of 
their  deplorable  circumstances  and  in  order  in  some  degree 
with  some  more  of  my  neighbours  are  we  daily  employed 


Letters  of  Christopher  3IarshaU  to  Peter  Miller.  75 

in  order  if  possible  to  mitigate  tlicir  sufferings,  and  by 
j.roj>er  methods — are  stri^-ing  to  preserve  as  many  of  their 
lives  as  possibl}'  by  the  help  of  good  nourishment  and 
riivsick  properly  applved,  of  which  we  use  our  best  en- 
ilcayours  and  sldll  daily,  I  hope  now  thou  art  convinced 
that  I  have  been  fully  imployed  and 'that  it  was  uo  remiss- 
ness ou  me  y'  prevented  me  from  writing,  and  altho'  1  have 
taken  this  opertunity  yet  my  poor  family  is  not  forgotten, 
for  which  reason  I  must  beg  thy  excuse  for  not  gi^'ing  thee 
u  detail  of  other  publick  occurrences  amongst  us  at  this 
time.  When  opertunity  presents  and  I  find  freedom,  I 
shall  not  be  backward  in  giving  thee  my  genuine  scnti- 
nionts  ou  what  appears  to  me  to  be  worthy  thy  notice  and 
regard. 

In  the  Interim  please  to  accept  of   my  best  wishes  for 
thine   and  familys  prosperity  and  without  mentioning  of 
particulars  give  my  kind  respects  unto  all  inquiring  friends. 
I  remain  thy  ready  friend  to  serve  when  capable 
To  Christopher  Marshall 

Peter  Miller 

at  Ephrata. 

To  Peter  Miller  La^vcasteb.  Oct  30-  1777 

Respected  Friend, 

I  am  at  a  loss  how  to  answer  thy  polite  friendly  letter  so 
iw  to  convince  thee  how  much  I  value  and  Esteem  thy 
friendship,  yet  if  I  should  Miscarry  in  the  Orthygraphy  or 
stile,  I  hope  it  shall  not  be  in  the  sincerity  of  my  affection 
towards  thee  k  thine — 

The  gloomy  aspect  that  our  publick  affairs  bears  at  pres- 
ent is  very  discouraging,  yet  I  leave  the  Event  to  him  who 
I  trust  w-ill  give  success  to  the  honest  Endeavours  of  the 
true  friends  of  America,  who  are  labouring  to  reform  those 
abuses  k  put  an  end  to  those  vices  which  now  distract  her. 
I  tor  my  own  part  am  for  a  general  regulation  of  prices  to 
t^ike  place  and  not  a  paultry  partial  one  such  as  has  been 
ji»=t  published  by  the  President  and  Council,  the  which  I 


76  Letta-s  of  Chrisfophtr  Marshall  to  Pdcr  Miller. 

fear  will  only  alarm  the  Country  Farmoi-s,  whereas  if  a 
general  regulation  thro'  out  all  the  states  were  entered  into 
and  a  stipulated  price  fixed  on  all  goods  in  a  due  propor- 
tion, the  Country  Farmers  could  have  no  more  cause  to 
complain  than  the  City  Merchant  or  Tradesmen,  for  here 
would  be  a  mutual  compact  between  all  the  sober  thinking 
part  of  the  Communion,  and  this  and  only  this  I  presume 
will  unite  the  honest  hearted  in  the  bands  of  Love  and 
Unity  and  thereby  prevent  the  Villian  and  Traytor  to  his 
Country  from  making  any  further  inroads  into  our  Consti- 
tution by  his  speciouse  pretentions  how  that  trade  ungov- 
erned  will  allways  regulate  itself,  this  is  a  doctrine  I  have 
long  opposed,  because  from  experience  I  am  convinced  it 
will  never  answer  the  purpose,  please  but  to  turn  back  thy 
eyes  to  the  late  Committee  of  Inspection  and  Observation 
in  Philad.,  who  while  they  settled  general  prices  on  most 
of  the  necessarys  of  life  the  forestallers  and  extortioners 
were  kept  within  bounds  the  poor  were  defended  from 
oppression  of  the  Rich  Merchant'  &  y'  by  a  sett  of  men  in 
that  body,  Xotwithstanding  the  great  force  y'  was  used, 
and  at  last  got  that  body  dissolved,  which  like  a  dam.m 
been  broke  let  in  such  an  inundation  of  rapine  and  ex- 
tortion &  wliich  is  still  increasing  amongst  us,  that  we  are 
if  not  timely  prevented,  on  the  brink  of  utter  ruin  and 
distruction — Under    such    unhappy   prejudices    and    fatal 

mistakes  we  stand  over  united  with  a  sett  of  Tories 

inimical  to  the  freedom  of  America,  at  same  time  his 
weakness  in  the  Essential  parts  of  government  united  to  a 

sett    called   who   knowledge  in   state    affairs,  is   the 

Narrow  Monopolizing  Views  of  short  Sighted  Merchants 
cloathed  with  power  by  y^  influence  of  some  great  names — 
by  the  people  appointed  to  sit  in  Committee,  by  these  are 

the  rules  laid  down  which  govern  our  present  and 

thereby  they  rush  headlong  into  things  they  least  under- 
stand and  to  think  that  if  they  publish  by  an  order 

any  scheme  thus  fabricated  with  their  own  narrow  views,  it 
must  be  obeyed  by  all  the  For  how  dare  any  com- 


I^tUTS  of  Christopher  Jlarshall  to  Fetcr  JliUcr.  77 

nam  n^an  think  to  withstand  the  force  of  such  order — 
K.-tuMished  by  their  power  and  authority — but  happily  for 
•:-  that  tliere  is  yet  remaining  some  men  of  sense,  knowl- 
c.lj-c,  and  experience  who  from  the  Love  they  owe  to  their 
(;,.t,nitry,  Zeal  for  its  welfare,  stems  in  some  degree  the 
t'TTcnt  of  Vanity  ct  Ignorance,  and  who  will  not  be  bro^^'- 
brat  l<y  men  of  their  cast,  let  them  be  ever  so  self  exalted, 
therefore  my  good  friend  be  not  surprised  when  you  read 

j-undry  orders that  are  published  under  the  signature 

,.f of and  yet  are  never  carried  into  Execution, 

f.ir  its  no  wonder  now,  why  the  Mennoists  join  with  the 
(tijicr  County  farmers  in  opposing  of  such  partial  regula- 
tiuus,  when  at  the  same  time  the  Merchants,  Trades-men 
'iV.vern-Keepers  See  are  left  at  their  full  liberty  to  charge 
wliat  prices  they  are  pleased  to  ask — 

Thus  I  have  gave  thee  a  short  sketch  from  which  thou 
may  please  to  form  a  Judgment  of  reasons  why  there  is 
j;r,ch  a  variety  of  different  sentiments  at  present  amongst 
u«,  and  when  they  may  subside  is  hard  for  me  to  say — but 
tliUs  nmch  I  may  say,  that  while  men  of  prevei^e  and  un- 
godly tempers  are  at  the  helm,  and  men  of  base  characters 
ulio  will  not  stick  for  to  curse  and  defame  our  Constitution 
and  the  Makers  of  it,  men  who  can  lea%'e  the  business  of 

tlio to  associate,  carouse,  .S:  drink  to  excess,  give  up 

^^trong  Forts  and  run  away  from  our  Enemies,  Yet  these 
with  sundry  other  gross  enormities  are  the  practices  of  a 
certain  set  of  men,  I  say  while  this  is  the  case  what  can 
ensue  but  blunder  upon  blunder,  confusion  upon  confusion, 
tlierefore  Let  us  with  Hearts  and  Hands  utterly  oppose  and 
rfnounce  familiarity,  union  or  communion  with  them  and 
ihc-jr  pernicious  Tenets  and  praerices. 

And  here  I  conclude  after  wishing  thee  every  blessing 
«!Kiy  attend  thee  and  thine,  and  subscribe  thy  friend  to 
nTve  wlien  capable, 

Christophek  Marshall. 
To  Peter  Miller, 

at  Ephrata. 


78 


The  Fimiiture  of  Our  Ancestors. 


THE  FUKXITUr.E  OF  OUE  AXCESTOES. 

[Among  the  "  Lehman  Papers"  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsyl- 
vania is  a  catalogue  of  the  cabinetware  manufactured  by  Benjamin 
Lehman,  in  the  year  1786,  from  which  has  been  selected  the  vari<;us 
styles  of  desks,  bookcases,  chests  of  drawers,  chairs,  sofas,  settees, 
tables,  sideboards,  clothes-presses,  corner  cupboards,  clock-cases,  bed- 
steads, and  fire-screens,  with  their  prices  in  mahogany  and  walnut, — 
the  first  column  being  for  the  former,  the  second  for  the  latter.] 


Desks. 


Desk,  winged      ..... 
do    scolloped  drawers  below  and  shell  d 

above     ..... 
do    columns,  drawers,  and  sliding  prospect 
do    column  drawers 
do    two  rows  scolloped  drawers 
do    prospect  and  swell  brackets 
do    without  prospect  and  straight  brackets 
(Add  for  quarter  columns  10  shillings.) 


£10. 


£10.   0.0 


13.10.0 

9.10.0 

13.   0.0 

9.   0.0 

12.10.0 

8.10.0 

11.   5.0 

8.   0.0 

11.   0.0 

7.10.0 

10.   0.0 

7.   0.0 

Boo/:  Cases. 

Book  Case  with  scroll  pediment,  head  and  doors 

panneled         ..... 

do        deutels  and  fret  .... 

do        square   head,    pannels    or   sash  doors 

with  sliding  shelves  only 
do        pilch  pediment  without  deutels  or  fret 

and  plain  balls 
do         dentels,  fret  and  shield 
do         arch  doors 
do        scolloped  doors 
do        Chinese  doors     . 
do        scroll  pediment  head,  Chinese  doors 
(Add  for  quarter  columns   20  shillings 
glazing,  covered  work  not  to  exceed  20  shi 

High  Chest  of  Drawers. 
Chest  on  a  frame,  head  and  corners,  plain  feet 
A  table  Uj  suit 


£12. 


0.0 
0.0 


0.0 


£9. 
5. 


0.0 
0.0 


4.   0.0 


.       7.10.0 

5.   0.0 

.      10.   0.0 

7.   0.0 

.     10.10.0 

7.10.0 

.     11.  0.0 

8.   0.0 

.     12.  0.0 

9.   0.0 

ore    .     13.   0.0 

10.   0.0 

The  above  doors 

without 

ings.) 

;et      .  £13.   0.0 

£9.   0.0 

.       4.10.0 

2.   5.0 

77(f  Farniturc  of  Our  Anc 


'hcft,  Chcston  chest  and  swell' d  brackets    . 

Table  to  suit 

<Jo      DrJiweid  and  frame    claw  feet  and  quarter 
columns        ...... 

Table  to  suit 

d'>      drawers  Cheston  chest  and  swelled  brackeis 
Table  to  suit    ...... 

do      drawers  pilch  pediment,  head  square  cor- 
ners, plain  feet  without  dentels  or  fret, 
plain  ball      .... 

Table  to  suit     . 
do      drawer?,  Cheston  chest 

Table  to  suit  with  straight  back 
fio      drawers  with  quarter  columns   . 

Table  to  suit     . 
do      drawers  on  frajue  and  claw  feet 

Table  to  suit    . 
do      drawers  with  dentels,  fret  and  shield 
Table  to  suit    .... 

do      drawers  Cheston  chest 

Table  to  suit     .... 

do      Cheston  frame,  claw  feet,  leaves  on 
shell  drawers  on  frame  . 
Table  to  suit     .... 

do      drawers  scroll  pediment,  head  carved, 
not  to  exceed  £3.10 
Table  to  suit 
do      drawers,  Cheston  chest,  a  table 
(Add  for  a  desk  drawer  to  any  of  the  above  £3.) 


knees. 


,  work 


"■  v 

0.0 

£9.   0.0 

C- 

0.0 

3.   5,0 

15. 

0.0 

11.   0.0 

5, 

0.0 

3.15.0 

15. 

0.0 

10.10.0 

6. 

0.0 

4.   0.0 

I'l 

0.0 

11.10.0 

4. 

0.0 

2.15,0 

16. 

0.0 

11.10.0 

5. 

0.0 

3,   0.0 

ir. 

0.0 

12.10.0 

0. 

0.0 

4.   0,0 

17. 

0.0 

13.   0.0 

5, 

0.0 

3.   5.0 

19. 

0.0 

14.   0.0 

6. 

0.0 

4.  0.0 

'">("» 

0,0 

15.   0.0 

(.1. 

0.0 

4.   0.0 

I'O. 

0,0 

15.  0.0 

6. 

0.0 

4.   0.0 

■21. 

0,0 

16.   0.0 

6. 

0.0 

4,   0.0 

21. 

0,0 

16.  0.0 

Lov:  Chest  of  Drawers. 
Chwt  of  drawers,  with  three  long  and  five  small  . 

do     four  long,  five  small 

do    on  frame  18  in.  high  without  a  drawer 

Cfiairs  with  Crooked  Legs. 
CliaJr,  with  plain  feet  and  banister,  leather  seat    . 
do    arm  ....... 

♦io     without  banister 


Htaini,  arm 
<J'>      claw  feet 
<Jo      arm 


Chairs. 


£4.10.0 
5.  0.0 
5.10.0 

£1.   5.0 

£1.14.0 

2.18.0 

2.   5.0 

1.16.0 

1.   7.0 

£3.   0.0 

£2.12.0 

2.   0.0 

1.10.0 

3.   3.0 

2.13.0 

80  The  Furniture  of  Our  Ancestors. 


Chairs,  shells  on  knees  and  front  rail 


£2.   3.0        £1.13.0 


3.   7.6  2.16.0 

2.   6.0  1.15.0 

3.11.0  2.18.0 

2.10.0  1.15.0 

orth  of  them — for  ex- 


£1. 

5.0 

o 

5.0 

1. 

15.0 

do      arm         .... 

do      leaves  on  knees 

do      arm         .... 

do      fluting  or  ogee  backs 

(For  relieving  tlie  banisters  add  according  to  W( 
traordinary  carved  work  add  in  proportion — for  damask  bottoms  add  2/, 
for  hair  3/6 — add  to  any  arm  chair  made  for  a  close  stool  with  a  cover 

&c  7/6.) 

Chairs,  Marlborough  Feet. 

Chairs,  plain  open  banisters  with  bases  or  brackets, 

leather  scats         .....     £1.12.0 

do      arm  do  2.18.0 

do      fluted  or  ogee  backs,  bases  and  brackets    .        2.   5.0 

do      arm  do  

(Add  for  relieving  the  banister  and  for  damask  or  hair  seats,  or  close 
as  in  crooked  leg  chairs — any  chair  as  above  stufled  over  the  rails  and 
brass  rails  added  8/ — for  fluted  or  ogee  back,  add  to  Journeyman.) 

Corner  Cliairs  for  Close  Stools. 

Comer  Chair,  plain  feet  and  banister  .         .         .  £2.10.0  £2.   0.10 

do           claw  feet,  open  banister  .         .         .  3.10.0  2.15.   0 

do           upper  part  legs  crooked  work  .         .  3.15.0  3.   0.  0 

Easy  Cliairs. 
Easy  Chair,  frame  plain,  feet  and  knees  without 
castors  ...... 

do  claw  feet  ...... 

do  claw  feet,  leaves  on  knees  . 

do  Marlborough  feet,  bases  and  brackets 

Sofas,  Marlborough  Feet. 
Sofa,  plain  feet  and  rails,  without  castors     . 
do   bases  and  brackets      ..... 

do   fret  on  feet         ...... 

do   fret  on  feet  and  rails,  carved  mouldings 

Sofas  with  Crooked  Legs. 
Sofa,  plain  feet  and  knees  without  castors     . 
do    claw  feet    ....... 

Sofas. 
Sofa,  leaves  on  knees  (add  10/  for  castors)     . 
do    carved  mouldings       ..... 


£2.10.0 

£2.   5.0 

2.15.0 

2.10.0 

3.   5.0 

3.  0.0 

2.10.0 

2.   5.0 

£4.10.0 

£4.   0.0 

5.  0.0 

4.10.0 

7.10.0 

7.   0.0 

10.10.0 

9.10.0 

£5.   0.0 

£4.10.0 

5.10.0 

5.   0.0 

£6.10.0 

£6.   0.0 

7.10.0 

7.   0.0 

Tlic  Furniture  of  Our  A)ic€s(ors. 


81 


r^vtu-.;<,  pl;\iu  crooked  legs,  feet  and  banisters,  with- 
out c;istors  ;  hair  or  damask  seats 

do  Marlborough  with  bases  and  brackets  cut 
through  banisters         .... 

(i'>      claw  feet  and  knees  carved 

do      tinted  or  ogee  backs  .  .       •   . 

Add  for  carved  mouldings  20,'. 

Couches  ictih  CrooJ:ecJ  Lcjs. 
C"',ti,-h  frame,  plain  knees  feet  and  banisters  with 
out  bottoms  or  castors    . 
ilo     with  claw  feet  and  open  banister 
d«     with  leaves  on  the  knees  ... 
do     with  fluted  or  ogee  backs 

Couches. 
Couches,  with  Marlborough  feet  without  bases  or 
brackets     ...... 

do       witli  bases  and  brackets 
do       with  fluted  or  ogee  backs 
Add  for  carved  mouldings  20/. 


:6.10.0         £5.   0.0 


6.10.0 

5.   0.0 

8.   0.0 

5.15.0 

S.IO.S 

6.   5.0 

1- 
.     £4.10.0 

£3.   0.0 

.       5.   5.0 

3.15.0 

.       6.   0.0 

4.10.0 

.       6.   5.0 

4.15.0 

£4.10.0 
5.  0.0 
5.   5.0 


£3.  0.0 
3.10.0 
3.15.0 


Dining  Tables. 
iMiiing  Table,  plain  feet  crooked  or  Marlborou^ 
with  bases  3  ft.  in  bed 
tl'^  3  ft.  6  in.      . 

do  4  ft 

do  4  ft.  6  in.      . 

<io  5  ft.  6  in.  with  six  legs 

Kor  tables  with  claw  feet  add  2/6  per  claw  ;  tables  with  straight  legB 
Without  bases,  deduct  5/. 


.     £3.   5.0 

£1.17.6 

.       4.   0.0 

2.   5.0 

4.10.0 

2.15.0 

.    "      .       5.   0.0 

3.10.0 

.       8.   0.0 

4.10.0 

Card  Tables  with  Crooked  Legs. 
^'j'rd  Tables,  with  plain  feet  and  knees  .         .     £3.10.0 

do         with  claw  feet  .         .         .  .       4.  0.0 

do         with  carved  knees  and  mouldings      .       5.   0.0 
Add  for  covering  without  finding  the  cloth  7.6. 


Card  Tables  with  Marlborough  Feet 
•d  Table,  with  a  drawer,  without  basses  or  brack- 
ets  .         .         .         ^         ^ 

do  with  bases  and  brackets     . 

do  with  carved  mouldings 

VOL.  XXVIII.— 6 


£2.  5.0 
2.15.0 
3.15.0 


£3.   0.0 

£2.   0.0 

3.10.0 

2.   5.0 

4.   0.0 

2.15.0 

82  The  Farnitiu'c  of  Our  Ancestors. 

C<ird  Tables  icifh  round  Corners. 
Card  Tables,  claw  foet,  pLiin  knees        .         .         .     £5.   0.0 


do 

lined  with  green  cloth 

6.10.0 

do 

leav 

es  on  knees  and  carved  mouldings 

S.   0.0 

do 

witL 

1  carved  rails        .... 
Pembroh:  or  Breakfast  Tables. 

10.   0.0 

Breakfast  Tables, 

.  })lain         ..... 

£2.15.0 

£1.15.0 

do 

with  drawer       .... 

3.   0.0 

2.   0.0 

do 

with  bases  and  brackets     . 

3.   5.0 

2.   5.0 

do 

with  plain  stretcher 

3.10.0 

2.10.0 

do 

with    open    stretcher    and    low 

drawers          .... 

4.   0.0 

3.   0.0 

do 

with  crooked  legs  and  plain  feet 

3.   5.0 

2.   5.0 

£2.15.0 

£1.15.0 

3.   5.0 

2.   5.0 

4.   0.0 

2.15.0 

5.15.0 

Corner  Tables. 
Corner  Tables,  with  crooked  legs  or  Marlborough 

feet,  with  bases  3  ft.  square        .     £3.10.0        £2.10.0 
do  claw  feet 4.10.0  3.   0.0 


Tea  Tables. 
Tea  Tables,  plain  top  and  feet 
do  with  claw  feet  . 

do         leaves  on  knees 
do         scolloped  top  and  carved  pillar 


Side  Board  Tables. 

Side  Board  Table,  with  bases  and  brackets,  6  ft. 

by  2  ft.  6  in.         .          .  .     £5.   0.0        £3.   0.0 

do                5  ft.  by  2  ft.  6  in.     .          .  .       5.0.0           2.10.0 

do                4  ft.  by  2  ft.  6  in.    .         .  .3.   5.0           2.   0.0 

Add  for  carved  mouldings  2/  per  foot ;  for  fret  round  the  rails  5/  per 

foot. 

Tea  Kettle  Stands'. 
Tea  Kettle  Stand,  with  gallerj- top,  plain  feet        .     £2.10.0 
do  claw     feet,     leaves     on     knees 

carved     and     fluted,     pillar 
with  turned  banister    .         .       3.10.0 
Basin  Stand,  with  3  pillare  and  2  drawers    .         .       2.10.0 
do  square  and  2  drawers        .         .         .       1.10.0 


Ihe  Furniture  of  Our  Ancestors.  83 

Commode  Dressing  Tables. 
Commode  Dressing  Table,   with  4  long  drawers, 
without  a  dressing 
drawer  .  .  £14.    0.0 

Add  for  a  dressing  draAver  30  ®  40/. 

Writing  lablcs. 
Writing  Table,  with  one  top  to  raise  on  the  side 

only,  front  to  draw  out      .  .     £7.   0.0 

do  with  one  top  to  raise  on  both  sides 

do  with  2  tops  to  raise  on  both  sides        7.10.0  5.10.0 

work  on  the  drawers  excluded       .       8.   0.0  6.   0.0 

Bureau  Tables. 
I?'jreau  Table,  with  Prospect  door  and  square  cor- 
ners   £7.10.0        £6.   0.0 

do  with  quarter  columns    .         .         .        8.10.0  7.   0.0 

(To  be  continued.) 


84 


Ship  I^crjislcrs  for  the  Port  of  Fhihuklphia,  1726-1775. 


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Xctes  and  Queries.  101 

NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 

1ActC£=. 

Phot  axp  Shell  fok  the  Coxtixe.vtal  Army. — The  following 
item-  have  been  extr.uted  from  the  account  of  George  Ege  A:  Co.,  Man- 
Ann  Furnace,  with  the  United  States. 

1780 

Nov.  14  To  So7,  10  inch  Shdls  J    ^^^^    ^.^    £2200.15.2 

"    843,  24  pd         Shot  ] 

"  2137,  IS  pd  '•      1 27.15.0.6.   £25.       693.16.4 

"    2S9,  12  pd  "     ] 

"    Hauling  (the  above)  to  Baltimore  54.10.- 

X.  B.  26-10  in.  Shells  which  did  not  stand  proof  are  not  admitted  in 
the  above  account. 

Payment    of  bill  was   made   by   "William   Thorne,    Paymaster,   and 
Samuel  Ilodgdou,  C.  G.  M.  S. 
Ajril  3,178:3. 

Letter  of  PiEv.  Eli  as  Keach  to  Mi:s.  Mary  Helm. — 

From  my  stnddy  at 
•» r„  ,     "vr  ,  T,,,   -ri-T-T  -vr  Chris:e.ina  Creek  tliis 

Me.-.    MAK\    Helm  21-i  dav  of  August  Ic.v, 

Dearest  Ladie 

My  boldness  in  Pushing  these  Pude  and  unpolished  lines  into  your 
Hcroick  &  most  Escelent  Presence,  doth  cause  me  to  suspect  your 
amazement  &  may  justly  cause  you  to  suspect  my  unmnnnerliness  ;  or 
that  either  my  w-isdom  is  narrow  in  bredih  or  my  Education  short  in 
length,  or  at  least  you  may  imagine  my  Comprehension  ;  to  be  like  unto 
a  half  moon  not  of  ability  to  incompass  that  most  excellent  Jewell  ot 
Ornament  of  Humanity  called  ^loddesty  ;  if  you  have  not  forgot  my 
ingeuteele  cariage  towards  you  v.hen  I  saw  you  last  &  first.  But  Lady 
k't  me  crave  the  mantle  of  your  Virtue  the  which  noble  &  gener<Hi.-e 
favour  will  hide  my  naked  &  deformed  fault,  altho:  it  seems  to  be  a 
renewed  boldness  to  require  such  an  incomparable  favour  from  your 
tt-nder  heart  from  v.hom  I  have  deserved  so  litle  Kindness  Mrs.  Mary  ; 
Soloman  says  Childhood  &  Youth  are  vanity ;  &  if  so.  you  cannot  ex- 
pect that  in  my  youth,  which  the  gray  hairs  "of  our  Age,' (or  at  least  of 
our  wooden  world)  cannot  afford  ;  it  is  a  common  saying  Oc  a  true,  love 
is  stronger  than  death  &  it  is  as  true  a  proverb  where  Love  cannot  go,  it 
will  creep — you  know  Dear  Lady ;  that  the  higher  the  sun  riseth  by  de- 
crees from  the  East  the  more  Influence  hath  the  j.ower  &  heat  of  its 
btams  upon  the  Earth,  so  ever  since  I  saw  the  sun-rise  of  your  comly 
<fc  gracious  presence  the  sun  beams  of  your  countenance  cV:  your  discrett 
A  virtuous  behaviour,  hath  by  degrees  wroat  such  a  virtuouse  heat  &  such 
Animorouse  EfTects  in  my  disconsolate  heart  ;  that  that  v.hich  I  must  at 
present  disclose  in  words,  in  your  graciouse  presence  ;  I  am  forct  (ah ho 
far  distant  from  you)  to  discover  in  Ink  <fc  paper  ;  trusting  in  God  that 
this  may  be  a  Key  to  open  the  door  of  your  virtuous  cvT  tender  heart 


102  Notes  and  Queries. 

againrrt  the  time  I  do  appear  in  person,  Dear  Mistress ;  let  me  most  sub- 
missively crave  this  lavour  of  you  amongst  the  rest  of  your  jrenerossi- 
ties,  that  you  would  not  in  the  least  Iniagin  that  I  have  any  l^ye  f'nds 
or  re,sorves  in  v^-riting  these  few  lines  to  you  ;  But  that  I  moan  virtu- 
ously truly  and  sincerely  upon  the  word  of  a  Christian  ;  e^  the  main 
scope  v't  intent  of  this  Letter,  is  only  &  alone  to  discover  unto  you  those 
Amorouse  impressions  of  a  Virtuous  Love  which  liath  taken  root  or  is 
Allready  ingralTted  in  my  heart ;  who  have  listed  myself  under  the 
Banner  of  your  Love,  provided  I  can  by  any  means  gain  the  honour  to 
induce  you  to  Acknowlcdg  c^:.  account  me  your  most  Obligeing  Ser- 
vant ;  who  have  already  Devoted  you  to  be  the  3Iisteess  of  my  most 
Amorouse  &  Yirtuouse  Atlections  ;  I  must  need  say  this  is  net  a  com- 
mon practice  of  mine  to  write  Letters  of  this  nature  ;  But  Love  hath 
made  that  proper  which  is  not  common  ;  Mrs.  'Slary  If  I  had  foreseen 
when  I  saw  you  what  I  have  since  experienced  I  would  have  foreshown 
a  more  Ample  and  courteous  behaviour  than  I  then  did  ;  through 
my  stupidity  &  dullness  the  reason  I  then  could  not  tell  ;  But  the 
effects  I  now  know  &  shall  be  carefull  &  industrous  to  improve,  not  to 
your  disadvantage  &  I  am  perswaded  to  my  exceeding  comfort  &  con- 
tentment ;  as  for  my  pei-sou  you  have  in  a  measure  seen  it  &  as  for  my 
practice  you  do  in  a  measure  know  it  as  for  my  parts  the  Effects  of  my 
Conversation  will  shew  it  ;  I  know  it  is  folly  to  speak  in  my  own 
Praise,  seeing  I  have  learnt  this  Lesson  Long  Ago  wise  is  that  man  that 
speaks  few  Avords  in  his  own  praise  ;  again  as  for  a  Portion  ;  I  would 
have  you  have  as  favourable  a  construction  concerning  me  as  I  have 
concerning  you,  which  is  this  Pure  Righteousness  &  [foni]  exceeds  a 
portion  with  a  wife  (so  also  in  a  Husband)  Agaiue  as  for  my  Parents,  I 
am  obliged  By  the  Law  of  god  to  Honour  them,  &  thus  I  say  in  short 
(fii-st)  they  are  of  no  mean  family;  (secondly)  they  are  of  no  mean 
Learning  &  (thirdly)  they  are  of  no  mean  account  and  note  in  the 
"World  tho  :  they  are  not  of  y^  world  But  the  truth  &  certainty  of  this  I 
Leave  to  be  proved  ;  By  Severall  of  no  mean  note  in  this  Province  & 
the  next  &  thus  dear  Mistress,  have  I  [torn']  <k  the  inward  fruits  of 
a  virtuous  and  cordiall  intent  &  candid  Resolution,  not  bo  destitute 
of  hope  that  the  Silver  Streams  of  my  Dearest  Affections  and  faithfull 
Love  ;  will  be  willingly  received  into  the  ]Mill  Pond  of  your  tender 
Virgin  Heart  ;  By  your  balling  up  the  flood-gate  of  your  Virtuous 
Love  &  Affections  ;  which  will  consequently  turn  the  wheeles  of  your 
Gracious  will  &  understanding  to  receive  the  golden  graines  or  Effects 
of  my  Steedt'ast  Love  and  uuering  Aifection  which  will  be  in  Loyall  re- 
spective &  Obligeing  Service  so  Long  as  Life  shall  last  &  such  a  thrice 
Happy  Conjunction  ;  may  induce  Many  to  bring  Bags  of  golden  graines 
of  Rejoycing  to  our  Mill  &  River  of  joy  &  contentment  &;  we  ourselves 
will  sing  ye  Epithalmy,  this  is  the  Earnest  (yet  Languishing)  Desire 
of  his  Soul,  who  hath  sent  his  heart  with,  his  Letter  ;  and  Remains 
your  Cordiall  friend  earnest  suitor  faithfull  Lover  &  Most  Obligeing 
Servant, 

Elias  Keach  pastor  & 

Minister  in Newcastle 

County. 

GENEALOOrCAL     XOTES     OF    THE    RoSE     FaMIT-Y    OF     IrELAXD    AXD 

America. — The  following  short  diary  and  genealogical  records  of  the 


Notes  and  Q.sr-ks,  103 

U'<ee   fiimily   have  beeu   copied    from    a.  5r;&Il  vellum-bound  volume, 
formerly  the  property  of  Thomas  Ko^e. 

Left  Dublin  25">  Feb.  174r,;  made  y*  I-^-i  Wed.  3*  April ;  got  in  \' 
I '.ay  Thursday  [//%/*/<?].  Came  along-  rIAr  of  Philadelphia  Sat.  1 1'^ 
f.iiin.ir  the  great  and  main  St.  called  Market  street.  Went  on  ihore 
directly  and  found  Mr.  George  Miller.  :y  whom  I  vras  handrsomely 
rec'd.  and  entertaineil.  Set  out  for  BLLr".:rr:on  the  Tuesday  following, 
bring  y*  14th.  Arrived  there  in  the  evtriu^,  met  with  a  brotherly, 
fritndiy  reception.  Matilda,  bro.  Joseph's  eidesr  daughter  was  born  at 
r.urlington,  in  New  Jer.<ey,  the  third  :'  yovember  1741,  i  an  hour 
after  10  at  night  and  Baptized  by  the  Erv.  Mr.  David  Cowcll.  the  iV" 
7!>er  1744.  Sarah  Ann  Ursula  Eose.  _-  i;vjrhier  to  brother  Joaeph, 
was  born  27"^  May  1744.      Mr.  Bliss  a:  Frrceitown. 

n^Js  January  23. — This  day  I  eii:er^i  ihe  47=^  year  of  my  age, 
being  46  years  old.  It  is  the  most  meI-A::ic:ioly  birthday  y'  I  remember, 
Icing  worse  y"  a  prisoner  at  large,  condi-.f-:l  lo  my  Erc>.  Joseph's  house 
at  r>ur]ington.  New  Jersey,  in  America  :  r::  havin?  handled  one  single 
Tenny  since  the  4th  day  of  November  ".^.-t.  and  y-  was  a  Shilling  bill, 
having  no  acquaintances  nor  no  Iriend  of  n>  sort. 

February  7  to  9'^. — A  great  frost  and  v*  ith  a  deep  Snow. 
WlUiain  Eose  anci  Sarah   Crutchbj  r/'-.y  Chapman,   were  married  in 
St.    John's    Church,    Dublin    [Ireland"    Mi^rch    27'-^  1094.      He    died 
January  S'^  173J  set  68;  she  died  27-  ':•; bir  1728.  :et  53.      Mrs  Grace 
Chapman,  mother  of  above  Sarah,  died  i:"^  lOber  1693. 

Scirah  Rose,  daughter  to  the  above,  w:^  born  bet.veen  5  and  6  in  the 
morning,  being  Friday,  March  13'-  IrJE-^.  She  married  S'*"  July  1732, 
the  Rev.  David  Syme,  [Minister  of  the  Gosv-el.  in  the  town  of  Cather- 
loch.  When  I  left  their  house,  which  was  February  7"'^  174J,  she  had 
living  isssue : 

Sarah  Syme,  born  S^'  1  173-"^. 

Ann  Syme,  born  March  y-  27-  1735, 
Ann  Rose,  was  born  May  14'"  169S,  and  married  y^  SO'^  of  June  171fi, 
to  M'  Josiah  Jackson  of  Glassceily ;  and  died,  y*  21''-  August  1733,  and 
left  seven  children : 

Grace, 

Ann, 

Susannah, 

Sarah, 

Josiah, 

Samuel, 

Katherine, 
whereof  Ann  and  Samuel  are  since  dead. 

William  Rose,  was  born  June  22**  1700,  and  die-i  1  v^r  and  4  months 
old. 

Thomas  Rose,  was  born  at  2  in  the  morning  January  23*  170J. 
J'jhn  Rose,  was   born   February  14"-^  170|.     Died"  on  Good  J'riday 
17,'-;0,  at  Philadelphia. 

J""-jjh  Rose,  born  about  9  on  Saturdav  niirht.  A'-ril  8^"  1704.  Left 
I>ubrin  August  21"  1729,  and  arrived  at  Philad'elphia'2^--  9ber  following. 
Married  Mrs.  Ursula  Wood,  relict  Abraham  Woo-i.  ar^d  had  by  her— 

Matilda,  born  November  3-  1741,  at  Exrlington  N.  J. 

Sarah  Ann  Ursula,  born  Mav  27-  1744. 


104  Notes  and  Queries. 

Joseph  Rose  died  at  Lancaster,  Peuna.,  February  H""  177G.  He  was 
admitted  to  Supreme  Court,  April  2G"',  1750.      [IJ is  wife  died  in  1794.] 

Benjamin  Ro^r^  wa*  born  July  So""  1705,  at  6  'Wednesday  night. 

Catherine  Rose,  was  born  June  27""  1707,  died  set  2  years  6  months. 

Grace  Rose,  was  born  January  23"^  170S,  died  young 

William  Rose,  was  born  September  O"'  1713,  died  171G. 

Cnthcrine  Rose,  was  born  March  24">  1714  [?].  Married  June  29^ 
1732,  James  Wall,  of  Knockrigg,  County  Wicklow.  When  I  left  her 
house  February  ll'*"  174';!,  she  had  the  following  children  living: 

James, 

Pierce, 

Ann, 

Oliver  Crom  well, 

Lydia. 
Nathaniel  Rose,  was  born  April  21"  1715  ;  died  in  5  months. 
Samuel  Rose,  was  born  October  2'^  1717,  about  5  p.m. 

Letters  to  James  Hunter,  Merchant,  Strawberry  Alley, 
PlilLADELniiA,  from  correspondents  in  England  and  Ireland,  relating 
to  American  aftiiirs. — 

Leeds,  1"  March,  17C6. 
Sir, 

We  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  our  O.  D.  is  just  return'd 
from  I/Tjndon  where  he  has  been  attending  Parliament  to  solicit  a  Repeal 
of  the  Stamp  Act,  6c  it  is  with  the  Highest  satisfaction  that  we  can  now 
inform  you,  that  the  same  has  pass'd  the  House  of  Commons  by  a 
Majority  of  108.  We  hope,  &  indeed  have  no  doubt  but  it  will  pass 
the  House  of  Lords  too,  i:  very  probably  the  next  week  will  bring  you 
such  Tidings.  ^Ve  can  assure  you,  that  your  Friends  on  this  side  of 
the  water  have  used  all  their  Influence  to  procure  a  Repeal  of  this  Act, 
which  we  hope  will  entirely  appease  the  minds  of  our  American  Brethren, 
&  restore  that  Friendship  &  Harmony  which  has  so  long  subsisted  be- 
twixt them  &  their  Mother  Country,  &  that  thenceforward  it  will  be 
the  study  of  each  of  us,  to  render  this  our  natural  alliance  mutual  ad- 
vantageous to  each  other,  to  promote  which,  (as  Individuals  in  the 
Commonwealth)  we  shall  always  endeavour  either  in  a  publick  or  private 
capacity,  &  beg  you'll  believe  us  to  be  with  a  Tender  of  our  best 
Services, 

Sir, 
Your  most  H'ble  Serv'° 

Rayner  Daavsok  &  Co. 

-^  ~  Belfast  30^  Aug*  1771. 

Dear  Sir. 

The  people  in  America  must  be  in  great  confusion  now  on  Ace'  of  the 
Boston  Port  Bill.  I  sincerely  wish  the  Americans  may  make  a  steady 
firm  &  unanimous  stand  for  their  Libertys,  &  get  the  better  of  a  cor- 
rupt Tyranical  Ministry.  It  is  generally  thought  here  that  you  must 
&  will  soon  submit,  what  a  curbed  Law  Lord  N &  his  Parlia- 
ment made  in  establi.^hing  Popery  in  Canada.  I  suppose  if  occasion  for 
them  they  are  to  be  put  the  Bostonians  in  the  Inquisition.  I  wish  we 
had  no  Parliament  in  this  country,  they  are  just  so  many  tools  in  the 


Notes  and  Queries.  105 

li.iriil-^  of  the  Ministry  to  bosrg'ir  this  poor  Country.  I  hope  if  you  come 
(.,  lit'-ohitions  not  to  export  goods,  you  will  allow  poor  Ireland  some 
1-  laisecd,  or  they  wont  be  able  to  pay  their  passages  to  go  to  you. 

Yours  Sincerely, 

Sa>[ukl  BRo^v^^ 

Cork,  20-''  March  177.V 

Sir., 

We  see  no  manner  of  appearance  of  Great  Britain  settling  matters  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  Americans,  but  on  the  contrary  they  are  passing 
ni'TC  severe  Acts  of  Parliament  every  day,  &  how  those  disagreeable 
disputes  will  end  is  hard  to  determine.  We  wish  they  were  well  over. 
A  regiment  of  Light  Horse  &  three  of  Foot  are  now  here  waiting  to 
fin  hark  for  Boston,  for  which  purpose  the  Transports  are  expected 
every  day  from  England. 

Your  most  obedient  Servants 

Lawtox  &  Browkk. 

Belfast  2^  Nov^  1775 
I>;:ar  Sir. 

I  am  just  returned  from  England,  and  was  sorry  to  find  the  Principal 
I'-irt  of  the  People  there  against  the  Americans.  Since  I  left  that  we 
i..ave  the  King's  Speech.  Nothing  but  submission  on  your  side  or  you 
tiaist  be  subdued  if  Foreign  Troops  should  be  emj^loy'd  on  the  Bloody 
I  rrand.  They  have  put  a  Mr.  Seyere  and  some  others  in  the  Tower  for 
'i'reasonable  Correspondence  with  you.  The  prospect  is  Dismal  ;  God 
^<  i:d  a  Happy  and  speedy  Reconcilliation.  I  refer  you  for  news  to  the 
diiferent  papers. 

I  am  most  sincerely  your 

Assured  Friend, 

Samuel  Brcs^-x-. 

Palatines. — From  a  list  of  Palatines  sold  on  the  ship  "Crawford," 
<";tpt;iin  Charles  Smith,  at  Philadelphia,  October  23,  1773,  it  appears 
Mi.it  Adam  Eckhart  paid  the  passage  money  of  Philip  Kaas,  from  IIol- 
liiid,  £28.18.10;  and  October  10,  1772,  John  Boyd  paid  the  passage 
i:."ney  for  Johann  ^Martin  Furni  and  family,  whose  daughter  bound  her- 
»'!f  to  said  Boyd  in  consideration,  £30,  on  ship  "Minerva,"  Captain 
Ji/:iriston. 

OLorcESTER  County,  Xew  Jersey,  Items,  1688-1698  (originals 
in  K'.xordcr's  office,  Woodbury), — 

1«  of  1"  ^I»  16S7,8 

I  Eliz-ibeth  flframpton  Eelict  Widow  of  William  fframpton  Deceased 
«i'^  tc-stifie  and  Declare  that  to  My  Certain  Knowledge  Samuell  Coles  of 
\V.>t  Jersie  Did  sell  to  my  said  husband  a  bill  of  Exchajige  &  y'  he  was 
U'  U  paid  for  It  In  Bum',  but  my  said  husband  after  he  had  keept  y"  s'^ 
l:il  a  Considerible  time  not  haveing  Rum  to  pay,  Returned  the  s"^  bill 
With  a  valuable  Consideration  to  take  y^  s'*  bill 

Eliz.  Fframpton 
Au^fted  be  for  me  the  day 
aloue  Written 

John  Suillson 


106  Notes  and  Quaies. 

the  1"  of  the  10J>  mth  1C93 
wee  the  Grand  Jury  for  the  Couutr  of  Glocester  doe  present  r.ich.ird 
Whiticar  for  tliat  about  iifteen  mouths  ago  hee  sould  cue  bottellof  lium 
to  the  Indians  contrary  to  the  Lawes  of  this  province. 

Jonx  Wood  foreman 

AxD^-  RoDKSOX,  you  stand  Indicted  by  y*  name  of  And'  Robeson  of 
y*  Township  of  Greenwich  in  y=  County  of  Glocester  and  province 
of  we5t  Jarsy  iTor  that  y«  s^  And'  Robes-on  On  or  about  y^  tirst  day  of 
September  Ano  dom  ll3'JS  at  y^  town  of  Glocester  in  y-^  Province  aboiics- 
as  well  as  at  seuerall  other  I'laccs  dayes  and  times  before  or  since  Con- 
trarj'  to  y=  due  allegauce  and  thdelity,  and  Intending  or  Inumining  to 
moue  Discord  sedition  and  Dysentiou  amongst  his  mjijesties  liege  people 
within  y"-' County  aboues'^,  and  y"  Gouerraentof  y*  s^  prouince  as  at  p''sent 
Established  Designing  to  bring  into  Dislike  Hatred  and  Dissesteem  of 
your  owne  preverse  malice  and  Euill  Intent  Did  there  utter  speake 
and  say  seuerall  Coutemptuose  Speeches  thrcatning  words  Dangerouso 
and  menaceing  Language,  and  other  Enormities  or  misdemeanors  C'oui- 
itted  in  Contempt  of  y"  Gouerment  abouesaid  against  y-  peace  of  our 
Lord  y«  King  and  of  his  Lawes  Contrary  to  y^  Lawes  of  this  province, 
and  to  y"  III  Example  and  Encouragement  of  others  in  y«  like  Case 
oflending  &c. 

We  the  grand  Jury  for  our  Lord  the  King  do  find  this  to  be  a  true 
bill  signed  by  our  forman  JoHX  Raimbo 

The  above  w;is  evidently  Andrew  Robeson  the  younger  (nephew  of 
Andrew  Robeson  who  died  in  Rhiladelphia.  1694)".  He  was  a  justice 
in  Gloucester  County  in  1687-88  ;  a  member  of  the  Assemblv  for 
Gloucester,  1692-'J7;  and  a  Chief-Justice  of  Pennsylvania,  1693-99. 
He  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  living  in  1702,  and  later  to 
Amity  Township,  Philadelphia  (now  Berks)  County,  where  he  was  inter- 
ested in  iron  industries.  He  died  February  19,  1719-20,  aged  sixty-six 
years,  and  is  buried  at  St.  Gabriel's  Church,  Douglassville,  Berks  County, 
Pennsylvania.  From  the  high  positions  of  trust  held  by  Andrew  Robeson 
after  this  time  (169S)  it  is  evident  that  this  indictment  was  simply  from 
political  diiTerences  of  opinion.  William  M.  Meevixe. 

Dedicatiox  of  the  Memorial  to  Gexeral  Agsevt  axd  Lieu- 
TEXAXT-CoLOXEL  BiRD,  OF  THE  BRITISH  Army. — On  Sunday  after- 
noon, October  4,  1903,  there  was  dedicated  with  appropriate  cere- 
monies in  the  de  Benneville  Cemetery,  on  the  Old  York  Road,  at 
Branchtown,  a  beautiful  marble  memorial  to  Brigadier-General  James 
Tanner  Agnew  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  Bird,  of  the  British  army, 
who  died  at  Germantown  October  4.  1777.  The  bodies  of  the-e  ofii- 
cers  were  first  buried  in  the  "Lower  Burial-Ground, "  on  Germantown 
Avenue,  but  at  the  request  of  Sir  William  Howe,  and  v/ith  the  consent 
of  Dr.  George  do  Benneville,  were  reinterred  in  the  northeast  corner  of 
the  de  Benneville  Cemetery,  about  the  time  that  the  British  army 
was  withdrawn  from  its  advanced  lines  to  nearer  Philadelphia.  By 
the  recent  extension  of  North  Broad  Street,  a  part  of  the  eastern  end 
of  the  burial-ground  was  encroached  upon,  necessitating  the  disinterment 
of  some  of  the  dead,  among  the  number  the  bodies  of  the  two  British 
officers,  whose  remains  were  reverently  collected,  placed  in  a  new  casket, 
and  reinterred  under  the  north  wall  of  the  western  part  of  the  cemetery. 


Notes  and  Queries.  107 

The  project  of  erectiug  a  memorial  over  the  remains  of  these  brave 
oiViicrs  strongly  a[)pealed  to  His  Britannic  Majesty's  consul,  Wilfred 
ruwoil,  Esq.,  and  Mrs.  Anna  de  Kenneville  Mears,  a  great-graml- 
<iiii.' liter  of  Dr.  de  Eenneville.  With  the  approval  and  aid  of  His 
Mijc-ty's  gove-rnment,  the  beautiful  memorial  was  erected.  The  one 
)iaiulre<l  and  twenty-sixth  anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Germantown 
w.is  an  ideal  autumn  day  and  singularly  tittiug  for  the  historic  occa- 
sion. When  the  invited  guests  had  assembled  around  the  memorial 
ftone,  Consul  Powell  delivered  the  dedicatory  address,  in  which  he 
n-vii-wed  the  chain  of  events  that  led  up  to  tlie  consumniation  of  the 
iiirinorial  project,  and  paid  a  gracious  tribute  to  the  heroic  virtues  of  the 
tw.)  otiicers,  after  which  the  Rev.  Frederick  Dunham  Ward,  of  St. 
Clement's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  read  the  prayers  for  such  oc- 
c:;_-ions.  Among  those  present  were  representatives  of  The  Pennsylva- 
nia Society  of  Sons  of  the  Eevolution  and  The  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania. 

The  inscription  on  the  memorial  reads  as  follows  : 

I.  ir.  s. 

Here  Lie  The  Kemains 

Of 

General  James  Tanner  Agnew 

A  British  Officer 

Who  Was  Killed  At  Gcrmantown 

On  The  4th  of  October,  1777. 

And  Of 

Lieutenant-Colonel  John  Bird 

A  British  Officer 

Who  Died  In  Germantown  On  or 

About  The  4th  of  October,  1777. 

The  Bodies  of  The  Above  Officers 

Were  Removed  From  The  Lower  Burial 

Ground,  Germantown,  By  The  Order 

Of  General  Howe  And  Placed  In  This 

Cemetery  With  The  Consent  of 

Doctor  George  De  Benneville 

In  May  1778. 

Requiescat  In  Pace. 

This  Stone  Was  Erected 

To  Their  Memory  By 

His  Britannic  ^Majesty's 

Government, 

October  4th  1 903. 

Lctter  of  Lieutexaxt-Coi.oxel  Elljah  Clark  to  his  Sok 
LvK[»NKU  Clark  (ori'jinal  in  the  Recorder's  office,  Woodbury,  N.  J., 
eri  1  contributed  by  William  M.  Mervine).— 

1,.   Sox  HAD^D  May  17U>  1782 

A-rable  t^)  you'  request  by  Elish,  Your  Boy  is  sent  to  You:  Sorry  I 
»'iij  to  part  with  Him,  but  much  more  so  that  you  are  necessitated  to  Sel 
»":''i.  I  presume  you  know  not  what  other  Shift  to  make  or  you  wo* 
ii'.t  d.j  itj  you  know  I  have  nothing  in  my  power  In  the  mony  way  at 


108 


Notes  and  Queries. 


.hatvo„,.::g'u"i;e'ab,"',u:;';ru/s;.-"=' " "  "■=  '^^'  --  *• 

son  is  l„  trnvn  ^itl,  „?      """f",  If  >ou  want  to  com  out  Mrs  Albert- 

Love  yo'' 

Elijah  Clark 

Cousrx  James.  Carlisle,  24"'  July  1766 

iliiipiiiiiii 

Fort  Pitt  shonlfi  hn  J;?     """^'V      "  -^'""''J'-'  ^^^^  ^'"^  OQ   their  wav  to 

an.re.peciaVf'Lthe'dhS.rtra^.t"*;''^  '^  ^'^  consequences, 
unhappy  Omin  of  fartLr  caCitv  if  fhp  V  ''  ""'"",=  us  whi.h  is  an 
saved   he  kws  accord in^Tno'    /  ^  ^'''P'  ''''^''  ^^^^  ^^"^  ^'^"'^ot  be 

t&Jide  Hcal-eo  '"'="""  '"''"'^  '>''''<■■''  ''  ""^  ""W^''  e„j„/„ent 

cut  in'it^^Iku  ir'diea  "l  J„.l;'i; ;'  ""1  "="  "f  ^'°  ""'--  ""■»  Tomaha»-k 
.au,  peop,e  .eut  to  :tttt'"ll^SClv'n:.^na.^^^^^^^^^^ 


JS^otcs  and  Queries.  109 

t!ie  iiiU-rpret:\tious  of  this  plienonoma  ;  for  my  part  I  take  no  notice  of 
itnv  i-uch  thins:,  all  I  vrant  is  to  endeavour  to  put  ourselves  as  profest 
C'liii-tians  that  ought  to  act  the  prudent  part  in  a  proper  posture  of 
v!.  iVnce  and  act  like  men.  We  keep  watch  every  nicrlit  and  are  making 
a  fi>rt  with  redouts  around  the  Town.  I  think  if  I  had  the  least  aid  I 
coulfl  make  my  house  with  50  men  act  against  500  Indians,  because  of 
it-  advantageous  situation  and  good  water.  By  this  time  1  have  tried 
voiir  patience  with  so  long  an  epistle,  but  1  am  sure  it  is  a  true  one. 
I  remain  with  due  esteem, 

Your  assured  friend, 

Joseph  Hunter. 

N.  B.  Upon  receipt  of  this  let  me  know  if  the  Assembly  has 
f^illcn  upon  any  other  method  of  raising  the  men,  because  I  can  assure 
you,  there  are  very  few  that  will  enlist — there  were  no  less  than  15  or 
'2>  men  from  these  parts  all  good  woodsmen  that  could  live  in  the  woods 
like  Indians,  would  have  been  out  before  now  if  there  was  encourage- 
ment, and  that  not  all  [forn']  say  500  would  have  been  at  some  of  their 
Tov.-ns,  which  is  the  only  way  to  come  up  with  Indians. 

Israel  Pemberton's  Experience  with  his  Tutor,  Francis 
Daniel  Pastorius. — 

In  160S  Israel  Pemberton,  then  about  thirteen  years  of  age,  had  a 
diiiiculty  with  one  of  his  school-masters,  which  he  relates  as  follows  : 

About  the  10""  day  of  the  4  month  lt!98,  Francis  Daniel  Pas- 
torus,  a  German,  one  of  the  school-masters  of  Philadelphia  took  occa- 
sion (upon  a  small  difference  that  did  arrise  between  me  and  another 
i-ciiular)  to  beate  me  very  much  with  a  thick  stick  upon  my  liead  until! 
the  blood  came  out  &  also  on  my  armes  untill  the  Blood  started  through 
tl'.o  skin  &  both  were  so  swelled  that  the  sv.elling  was  to  be  seen  so  that 
it  caused  my  cloths  to  stand  out  &the  tlesh  was  bruised  that  it  turned 
black  &  yellow  &  green  my  father  coming  to  to^vn  on  the  13^  day  of 
the  5^  mo:  &  my  sister  acquainting  him  how  I  had  been  used  took 
ine  away  from  ye  school  the  14""  day  of  the  5'"  mo :  &  the  lo"*  day  sent 
me  into  the  country  from  which  I  writ  the  following  epistle. 

Ye  22°<i  day  of  re  5th  1G9S. 
mo 
Di:aue  master, 

Tho:  Meakin  Lest  through  mistake  the  Abuse  I  received  at  the 
k!i'.1  being  noised  abroad  should  be  taken  to  be  thee  I  made  bold  to 
wrire  these  few  lines  for  the  clearing  of  thee  thy  Instructions  were  so 
Jiidd  and  gentle  as  that  I  never  Received  one  blow  or  stripe  from  thy 
I'uiiJ  during  my  stay  there  tho  my  dullness  at  times  might  have  given 
line  occasion  for  if  I  wanted  Information  with  boldness  I  cold  come  to 
thee  l)eing  always  friendly  Eeceived  but  from  another  I  always  found 
Kough  answers  where  I  quickly  left  to  trouble  him  not  finding  the  kind- 
i>-s  as  from  thee  &  indeed  what  he  did  for  me  from  first  to  last  is  to  be 
t-'-n  ill  that  little  Lattiu  book  I  writ  at  his  first  coming  which  I  have 
f"r;.'ui  at  school  behind  me  if  thou  would  be  pleased  to  send  it  by  some 
'(  the  boatmen  to  be  leil  at  Sam"'  Jenings  when  thou  meets  with  it  I 
»!i:iU  tiike  it  a  kindness  I  do  say  it  was  not  my  intent  to  have  let  it  be 
tti'-wn  but  the  anguish  of  the  blows  &  being  inwardly  opprest  with 
fefitfe  to  think  how  I  was  used  without  having  the  liberty  to  speak  one 


110  Notes  and  Queries. 

word  in  niv  own  defence  did  so  chaingc  my  countenance  that  my  sister 
presently  perceived  it  who  was  restles  uutill  I  had  discovered  the  occa-ion 
who  rested  not  there  but  would  see  and  when  she  saw  was  allso  so 
greived  that  she  would  shew  me  to  some  others  tho  I  endeavoured 
much  to  diswade  her  but  she  would  not  but  did  cause  me  to  be  seen  by 
Hannah  Carpenter  and  Thomas  Whiutous  wite  but  contrary  to  my  mind 
tho  he  never  shewed  any  respect  to  me  as  a  scholar  but  still  frowned 
upon  me,  the  rason  I  know  not  for  I  never  Intended  to  vex  him  and 
therefore  never  made  use  of  him  and  thou  being  out  of  school  he  took 
that  opportunity  so  to  thrach  me  and  I  observed  that  he  generally  shewed 
his  disposition  more  when  thou  was  out  of  school  for  whilest  thou  was 
in  he  seldom  went  into  those  extrames  as  at  other  times  this  is  only 
private  to  thyself  for  I  desire  not  to  Injure  him  I  would  willingly  have 
stayd  Longer  at  the  School  but  my  sister  haveing  told  my  father  how 
things  were  and  the  tokens  of  his  correction  still  remaining  upon  me 
tho  about  five  weeks  since,  and  are  still  to  be  seen  and  so  sore  as  that  I 
cannot  endure  anything  to  press  against  it  he  would  not  heare  me  tho 
I  desired  it  but  I  will  forbare  to  say  any  more  about  it  lest  I  should  too 
far  sterr  up  what  I  would  have  at  an  end  but  I  love  thee  and  desire  to 
be  with  thee  and  to  spend  the  rest  of  my  schooling  under  thee  ;  but 
whether  it  may  be  so  or  no  I  know  not  yet  I  desire  it  with  my  love  end 
these  few  lines  who  am  thy  scholar 

I.  P. 
_  I  cannot  but  sorrow  at  times  to  think  of  my  removal  and  the  occa- 
sion of  it  for  I  long  to  be  v.ith  thee  againe  tho  somtimes  I  smile  to 
myself  to  think  how  I  told  my  father  when  first  I  saw  him  I  doubted  he 
would  prove  an  angry  master  he  asked  me  Mhy  so  I  told  him  I  thought 
so  by  his  nose  he  called  me  a  prating  boy  but  1  find  I  had  some  skill°br 
he  has  since  confirmed  it  to  me  with  a  wittness  as  if  he  loved  me 
its  more  then  I  know  because  he  never  shewed  me  any  of  it  however  I 
love  him  &  desire  thee  to  remember  my  love  to  him  if  thou  please  :  I 
am  afraid  I  am  overbold  therefore  crave  thy  excuse  &  so  farewell  dear 
master. 

An  Ixterestixg  Deposition. — 
KiCHAKD  Dennis     ^   In  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania.— 

On  Rule  to  take  the  Depositions  of  Witnesses 
vs  >  to  be  read  on  the  Trial  in  case  of  Death,  Ab- 

sence or  other  legal  Disabilities  &c  on  One  Dav's 
CHARLFJ5  Wharton  J   Notice. 

Benjamin  Philips  of  Southwark  Ship  Carpenter  being  duly  sworn  on 
the  Holy  Evangeles  deposeth  and  saith,  that  he  is  under  a  Contract  to 
go  to  Blackbird  Creek  in  the  County  of  New  Castle  in  Delaware  to  re- 
pair a  Vessel  and  expects  to  depart  in  a  few  days  and  that  he  shall  not 
return  till  sometime  next  Spring.  And  this  i)ep'  being  produced  and 
examined  as  a  Witness  on  the  part  of  the  Defend'  in  the  above  Cause 
upon  his  Oath  saith  that  he  served  his  Api)renticeship  with  Richard 
Dennis  the  Plttf.  and  lived  and  work'd  with  him  from  the  Year  1772  to 
1777,  that  he  remembers  a  ship  that  was  building  in  the  said  Dennis's 
Yard  for  Charles  Wharton  that  she  was  set  up  on  his  own  account  and 
lay  a  long  time,  perhaj>s  a  Year  before  she  was  sold  ;  her  Frames  were 
up  and  she  wa.s  part  timbered  when  Captain  Bulkeley  undertook  the 
Oversight  of  her,  this  Dep'  never  heard  that  she  was  altered  in  her  Di- 


Notes  and  Queries.  '  111 

luon-ions  after  being  first  put  up.  This  Dop'  was  never  absent  from  his 
M.-i-tor's  Yard  during  his  Apprenticeship,  except  when  he  went  lo  see 
his  Mother,  which  was  about  once  a  Year  at  Christinass,  about  three 
wt'cks  that  he  absented  liimself  without  leave,  about  two  months  in  the 
Rumnier  of  1777  when  he  serv'd  in  the  Militia  at  Billingsport  and  was 
difchargcd  and  returned  home  before  the  British  Army  landed  at  Eik, 
!ind  about  three  weeks  that  he  was  in  New  Castle  County  cutting  Tim- 
l>or  for  his  master  immediately  betbre  he  was  drafted  into  the  Militia. 
This  Dep'  work'd  at  the  said  Ship  with  the  cither  hands  and  well  remem- 
hcrfi  that  at  the  Time  the  Eoebuck  came  into  the  Eiver  the  Ship's  Bot- 
tom was  planked  up  to  the  Wales  and  caulk'd  and  the  Wales  caulk'd, 
h«T  lower  Deck  was  laid  hut  not  caulk'd  except  the  Sperketing  seam,  her 
upper  works  were  part  plank'd  on  the  outside  but  no  cieling  nor  Clamps 
en  the  inside,  the  half  Timbers  were  in  and  the  Quarter  Deck  staunchions, 
the  Rudder  was  hung,  the  stern  was  not  plank'd  up,  no  Bowsprit  nor 
iij^per  Deck  pjoams  in  ;  in  this  Situation  she  was  when  there  was  some 
talk  of  launching  a  number  of  Thomas  Penrose's  hands  having  assisted 
f.T  some  Weeks,  but  no  launching  stuff  was  jirepared  exce]>t  some  Cross 
ways  that  were  put  under  her  ;  and  all  talk  of  launching  was  dropped, 
but  this  Dep'  knows  not  the  reason,  when  she  was  watered  one  Plank 
was  found  wormeaten  and  taken  out  and  another  Plank  put  in,  but  she 
never  was  recaulked,  then  all  Hands  loft  off  work  &  never  work'd  more 
upon  her  ;  that  during  the  same  time  that  this  ship  was  on  the  Stocks 
liichard  Dennis  had  constant  Employment  for  his  Hands  in  building  a 
Brig  for  a  french  Gentleman  named  Mamazure,  and  repairing  of  Old 
Vessels,  so  that  they  never  worked  ujion  the  Ship  but  when  other  work 
w;ls  slack  and  then  only  the  Apprentices  were  employ' d  on  her,  with 
the  Foreman  to  instruct  them  but  no  other  Journeymen  that  this  Dep' 
remembers  ;  that  in  the  Summer — 1777  before  Mamazure's  New  Brig 
wa-j  set  up  they  raised  on  a  Prize  Schooner  for  Mamazure,  and  there  was 
f)  little  Plank  in  the  Yard  that  they  were  obliged  to  take  the  Stages  that 
surrounded  the  Ship  down  to  use  for  the  Schooner's  Deck  and  upper- 
works  to  make  her  into  a  Brig  ;  most  of  the  Ship  Carpenters  were  eni- 
ploy'd  in  building  Ships  of  War,  so  that  Dennis's  Yard  and  People 
Were  almost  wholly  taken  up  in  repairing  Vessels,  some  of  which  De[)' 
remembers  viz.  Sheathing  a  Ship  that  came  in  with  Salt,  a  Sloop  be- 
longing to  M'  Skinner,  the  above  Schooner  for  JP  Mamazure  a  Schooner 
of  Col.  Thees  hailed  up,  lengthend  and  raised  to  a  Double  Deck  Brig, 
the  Sloop  Sachem  a  Prize  taken  by  Capt.  Barry,  the  Brig  General  Put- 
nam a  Prize  taken  by  the  Wasp  raised  on  and  converted  into  a  Privateer 
another  Prize  Brig  for  Mamazure,  and  about  Six  times  as  many  that  he 
«arinot  remember  so  as  to  be  constantly  employed  in  old  Work  from  the 
b-  grinning  of  the  Disturbances  till  the  Battle  of  Brandywine  with  a  very 
few  intervals  during  which  his  Apprentices  and  the  Foreman  were  em- 
ployed on  the  New  Ship,  but  the  Journeymen  were  discharged  when 
there  were  no  Vessels  repairing  and  this  Dep'  believes  that  no  work 
w:!s  done  on  the  Ship  by  hired  hands  except  the  Foreman  for  a  consid- 
erable time  before  and  none  after  the  Roebuck  came  up  the  River,  ex- 
i^^pt  when  Thomas  Penrose's  Hands  were  hired  to  prepare  her  for  launch- 
>«)g  a-s  aforesaid  and  indeed  there  was  so  great  a  run  of  old  Work  during 
all  that  time  that  very  little  was  done  to 'the  Ship.  That  John  Dennis, 
S)n  of  the  Pltff.  worked  as  a  Foreman  in  the  Y'ard  when  the  Ship  was 
firft  f€t  up  &  for  some  time  after,  but  took  a  Commission  in  the  Army 


112  '  JVote^  and  Quei-ies.  ■.    , 

as  Ensign,  when  the  British  Army  was  coming  thro'  Jersey  towards 
Philadelphia,  he  had  quitted  work  and  gone  to  Brunswick  and  New- 
York  some  Months  hetbre  that  time  and  returned  once  and  work'd  now 
&  then  a  day  or  two,  but  not  regularly  as  hetbre  and  aller  he  took  the 
Comnussion  he  never  work'd  a  day  in  the  Yard,  till  after  the  British 
Army  evacuated  the  City. — Joseph  Marsh  was  the  first  Foreman  atter 
John  Dennis  went  away  and  after  he  went  away  Conrad  Lutz  and  Jon- 
athan Griee  acted  as  Foremen.  A  few  days  before  the  Battle  of  I-randy- 
wine  this  Dep'  was  sent  with  some  other  Hands  to  bring  a  Baft  of  Plank 
from  Manto  Creek  in  .Jei-sey  and  returned  the  day  after  the  battle,  every 
thing  was  in  Confusion,  the  Journeymen  were  discharged  from  the  Yard, 
and  some  of  the  Apprentices  were  employ'd  about  the  Bridges  at  Schuyl- 
kill, Richard  Dennis  ^t  Col.  Marsh  hired  a  Flat  to  take  their  Goods  and 
part  of  their  Families  into  Jersey  and  Dep'  was  sent  with  the  Flat  to 
Manto  Creek  where  R.  Dennis  &  Col.  Marsh  and  their  Wives  met  him 
and  when  the  Goods  were  landed  &  put  into  a  House  of  one  Jessop,  R. 
Dennis  told  Dep'  he  had  now  no  House  nor  home  and  therefore  Dep' 
must  shitt  for  himself,  whereupon  Dep'  went  to  his  Father's  near  Mar- 
cus Hook  and  never  saw  R.  Dennis  more  for  near  Seven  Years  Dep' 
being  at  Sea  most  part  of  tliat  time.  When  he  returned  he  went  to  see 
his  old  master  who  behaved  very  kindly  and  talk'd  to  him  about  the 
Ship  and  desired  Dep'  to  recollect  what  he  could  about  her  and  call  & 
see  him  again.  Some  time  after  he  sent  for  Dep'  and  talk'd  a  great  deal 
about  the  Ship,  told  him  she  was  burnt  and  that  there  would  be  a  Dis- 
pute about  her  &  wanted  Dep'  to  be  a  Witness,  Dep'  said  he  would  tes- 
tify what  was  honest  and  just,  he  then  read  a  long  Paper  which  he  said 
was  his  Son  John  Dennis's  Testimony,  which  Contained  to  this  eti'ect, 
that  there  was  a  great  deal  of  Timber  and  StuO'  provided  and  laid  by  in 
the  Yard  to  finish  the  Ship,  that  Charles  Wharton  would  not  let  him 
use  it  for  any  other  purpose,  that  when  he  was  about  to  work  on  the  Ship 
and  finish  her  Charles  Wharton  would  come  and  forbid  him  &  when 
he  was  repairing  Privateers  and  doing  Public  Work  C.  Wharton  would 
come  and  insist  on  his  quitting  it  to  finish  the  Ship,  and  would  talk 
about  the  Americans  burning  the  Ship,  but  that  he  was  not  afraid  of  the 
I^nglish,  and  a  good  deal  more  of  the  like,  after  this  in  a  few  days  R. 
Dennis  sent  his  Son  Barney  with  a  Paper  nearly  to  the  same  effect  to 
this  Dep'  and  another  to  John  Anderson  formerly  an  Apprentice  of 
Tho' Penrose's  and  who  had  work'd  on  the  Ship  about  the  time  the  Roe- 
buck came  up  the  River,  requesting  them  to  sign  it,  this  Dep'  kept  his 
Paper  several  days  to  consider  what  to  do  with  it,  as  it  contained  some 
things  that  he  knew  were  false  and  some  things  that  he  knew  nothing 
about,  Barney  Dennis  called  twice  for  it  and  Dep'  told  him  when  he 
had  done  with  it  it  should  be  returned,  in  the  meantime  he  saw  John 
Anderson  &  read  the  Paper  left  with  him,  they  both  concluded  that  there 
were  many  Falsehoods  in  it,  and  they  each  scratched  out  what  they  knew 
to  be  false,  and  what  they  knew  nothing  about,  both  agreeing  in  every 
thing  except  one  Fact,  the  Papers  set  forth  that  the  tower  Deck  was 
caulk'd  which  this  Dep'  thought  was  not  true  &  scratched  it  out  and 
Anderson  thought  it  might  be  true  and  left  it  in,  both  of  them  returned 
the  Pai)ei-s  so  scratched  as  to  leave  very  little  of  what  was  in  them  and 
this  Dep'  told  Barney  Dennis  when  he  delivered  it  that  if  he  was  call'd 
before  a  Court  he  would  tell  the  Truth,  but  he  would  not  sign  anything. 
This  Deponent  is  very  certain  that  R.  Dennis  had  not  provided  Timber, 


Kotes  oitd  Q'jaics.  113 

Invim?,  Kne^  nor  Plank  for  the  purp<-ise  of  fiuishing  the  Ship,  for  that 
\vliat,Ma:er:sis  Leissad**!"  those  kiixa*  he  bad  in  the  Yard  were  broucrbt 
tlitre  ex:  re>s;y  for  the  Brig  he  was  building  for  3Iamazure  and  Old 
W.>:k  a-ad  they  were  so  scarce  of  Timber  that  lie  was  obliged  to  send 
K.'Ur  or  Fi^e  Apprentices  to  the  Country  to  cut  it  to  go  on  with  the  Brig. 
This  Dep"  rtnieaihers  well  that  when  John  Dennis  accepted  a  Couimis- 
sinii  in  die  .\nuy  his  Father  wa*  5o  displeased  at  him  that  he  forbid  him 
the  House  and  told  this  Dep-  that  he  had  nothing  to  do  with  him  for 
I;e  had  taken  a  Commission,  that  he  disowned  him,  and  John  Dennis  in 
the  absence  of  his  Father  severely  whipp'd  this  Deponent  because  he 
would  not  go  out  in  the  Militia,  for  which  this  Dep'  lett  home  and  went 
to  his  Fathers  and  R.  Dennis  was  much  displeased  with  his  Sou  for 
whipping  him. 

[Signed]         Bexjamix  Phillips 
Sworn  and   subscribe^i   the   16th 
day  of  December  1790  in   the 
Presence  of  PlaintiiF  and  De- 
fendant be  tore 

[Signed]  Thqs  M^Keax 

Penn  Papers. — Cokrectiox. — The  letters  written  by  William  Penn 
to  Hannah  Caliowhill  before  their  marriage,  which  are  printed  on  pages 
i*OG  to304of  Vol.  XXVII.  of  The  Pexxsylvaxia  Magazine  of  His- 
tory AXD  Biography,  as  also  the  three  tcuiching  little  notes  printed 
on  jifige  372  of  the  same  volume,  written  by  him  to  his  three  young  chil- 
dren by  his  first  marriage,  when  he  was  on  the  eve  of  sailing  upon  his 
Jirst  voyage  to  Pennsylvania,  were  purchased,  in  an  exceedingly  inter- 
esting collection  of  manuscripts,  by  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  December,  1SS2,  from  Colonel  Stewart  Forbes,  the  next  of  kin 
and  administrator  in  England  of  the  estate  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Gordon 
P«iin,  the  last  of  the  family  bearing  the  name  of  the  Founder.  The 
I'-t  h:is  been  designated  by  the  Society  the  "Penn-Forbes  Papers." 

Wm.  Brooke  Rawle. 

Letter  of  Axthoxy*  Sharp,  of  Dublix,  Irelaxd,  to  Thomas 
Sharp,  of  New  Jep.sey,  1694,  addressed 

To  Thomas  Sharp  j  at  his  House  att  Xewtowne  |  on  Jersey  Side  | 

oposide  ZS'eare  to  Phileadelphia. 

K- Turner  Philadelphia  j  thos  with  j  Xewtowne  in  New 

West  Jersie. 

The  original  is  in  the  Recorder's  office,  Woodbury,  Xew  Jersey. 

DUBLIJJ  J'  II  of  -~Q  109-1 

To  CozEK  Tho  Sharp 

My  Deare  Loue  is  to  thee  &  thy  wife  &  Children  hopeing  of  yo'  well 
far.-  everj-  way  as  bitrssed  be  y*  Lord  I  my  wife  &  6  children  Are  wele 
t.iy  lather  &  mother  prety  wele  but  Anthony  gone  to  England  for  his 
f-- -d'h,  it  Elizabeth  with  him,  my  Love  to  "Coz  W'"  &  Anthony  theyre 
>r  th.  r-  Love  to  them  John  &  Sarah  Wele,  And  for  mv  Lande'l  would 
J'-'ve  thee  take  up  as  much  as  p^^aible  &  set  it  off  Let'W"  &  Anthony 
haue  a  go^^d  Farme  ^V:  Rr>asonable  &  I  shalbe  kind  to  them  beside  Let 
':;••  know  whats  d-rne  I  leaue  it  to  thee  to  Incouridge  them,  when 
J-i  n  writes  Let  me  know  what  Lande  thou  dwele.s  on  &  the  2  what 
VOL.  XXVIII. — 8 


114  JVofes  and  Queries. 

more  thee  hath  3  lio\v  much  Catle  ^t  what  swort?  :  4  how  many  Chil- 
drou  5  how  miu-h  lande  thou  hast  Taken  up  for  me  y'  Layes  wa?t  6 
what  thou  eau  sele  my  Land  lor  p^  acre — &  what  Lande  in  Eaj^t  Jersie 
is  worth  p'  acre,  trea.fing  i#  dull  here  at  p^?eut,  but  I  haue  built  up  iny 
house  in  v^  Queens  County  y'  was  burnt  in  y«  late  troubles  &  Have 
Stock  v'  Lande  being  one  thousand  Acres  It  has  been  y^  great  Mercy 
of  the'Lurd  that  Soe  preserved  us  in  these  warrs  Thou  never  gaue  nie 
accompt  of  the  mony  I  ordered  thee  to  Eeceiue  of  W™  Beat  &  the  Ex- 
change of  it,  Thv  hather  Lines  Neare  As  he  did,  I've  keeps  A  little 
Tre:id.  I  am  glad  thou  sticks  to  il'ds  &  y"  Antient  Truth  &  way  of  God, 
&  be  not  concerned  in  diiYerances  As  Litleas  posable  but  be  as  much  us 
may  be  At  peace  with  all  .S:  in  Cleanness  &  Rightiousuess  Truth  Justice 
Mercy  it  humileity,  &  the  Blessing  from  Aboue  &  beneath  thou  &  thine 
wilt  haue  apart  in  from  y^  God  of  o'  Mercy*  to  whom  I  comitt  Thee_>S: 
thine  &  Rem  thv 

Lo  uncle        Axtky  SHARr 

On  the  reverse  of  the  foregoing  letter  the  following  memoranda  is 
written : 

24th  Ballincrer  purchased  of  Walter  Humphrye  Deed  bare  Date  the 
5^''  of  8'"  m°  1695  Walter  llumphrys  Purchased  of  John  Ilarriss  Dee'l 
bares  Date  the  4  &  5'^  of  the  ll"''  m°  lOSl  John  Karris  with  Tho 
Gerish  <?c  Hennerv  Gerish  purchased  of  Tho  Ilootten  as  by  Deeds  of 
lease  <fc  Release  baring  date  the  first  &  second  dayes  of  the  4^"  m" 
1677  Thomas  Hooten'purchased  of  Edward  billing  and  trustees  as  by 
deeds  of  lease  &  Release  baring  Date  the  5'''  &  16  Dayes  of  y"=  9''"  m=' 
1676. 

William  M.  Mervine. 

Letter  of  Lieutexaxt-Coloxel  Israel  Siireve,  of  the  SECoyo 
New  Jersey  Infantry,  1776.— The  following  letter  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Israel  Shreve,  addressed  to  his  brother-in-law,  Thomas  Curtis, 
is  contributed  by  Dr.  William  S.  Long,  of  Haddonfield,  X.  J.  At 
the  date  of  this  letter  Colonel  Shreve  was  attached  to  the  Second  New 
Jersey  Infantry,  and  when  it  was  disbanded  in  December  he  recruited 
the  Second  Battalion  of  Second  Establishment,  of  which  he  was  com- 
missioned colonel.  He  served  with  credit  and  was  wounded  at  Brandy- 
wine,  but,  owing  to  his  corpulency  (he  weighed  three  hundred  and 
twenty  pounds,  and  no  horse  was  able  to  carry  him  faster  than  a  walk), 
in  1781  he  was  compelled  to  resign.  A  biographical  sketch  of  Colonel 
Shreve  wtts  read  before  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  Sep- 
tember 12,  1853. 

MOCNT  ISDEPENDAKCE  OPPOSATE 

TlCONDEP.OGA  '26111.   Aug.  1771). 

Dear  Brother 

Although  I  have  not  Receiv'd  a  Letter  from  you  nor  either  of  my 
Brothers  or  Sisters  this  campain,  I  think  it  my  Duty  to  Write  to  my 
friends  and  Relations.  I  mean  in  the  first  place  to  Give  a  Short  Ac- 
count of  the  State  of  the  Works  &  army  here  ;  our  Regment  is  In- 
camped  on  a  mountain  Near  a  part  of  the  Lake  Called  South  Bay  lead- 
ing from  Ticonderoga  to  Skainsborough,  about  one  nule  from  the  point 
op'posate  to  Ticonderoga  where  the  Lake  is  about  a  Quarter  of  a  mile 
from  point  to  point ;  across  this  point  we  have  thrown  up  a  Beautilul 
Strong  Breastwork  or  Lines,  mounting  25  peaces  of  Cannon  from  6  to 


Notes  ami  Queries.  115 

?,2  {iounders.  One  huudred  yards  Back  of  this  Line  on  a  high  hill  is 
r.aiUling  a  half-inonn  Batter\-  which  overlooks  the  Lake  and  all  the 
Land  around  within  Cannon-shot,  where  the  Enemy  Can  possably 
Land  or  Get  posse.-sion  of.  On  the  Tioonderoga  side  the  old  Fronrh 
Linos  is  neatly  Repaired  and  finished  much  stronger  than  ever  they 
were  before,  three  lledouts  Fniikiing  between  the  Lines  and  the  point 
to  prevent  the  Enemy  from  Landing  within  the  Lines.  We  have  a 
small  fleet  on  the  Lake  consisting  of  one  Sloop  12  Guns,  [do.  8  guns 

Schooner]  10  Guns,  one  S  guns,  one  Do  :  G  guns, Gund[ulas] 

o  i^uns  each,  Several  more  on  the  Stocks.  I  have  not  had  the  Returns 
of  the  army  for  10  or  12  Days,  but  am  Confident  the  Army  Consists  of 
upward  12  thousand  [?],  two  Reg'ts,  more  Expected  from  Boston 
every  day. 

On  our  Side  there  is  four  Brigades,  as  follows  Viz.  the  first  Com- 
manded by  General  Arnold,  Consisting  of  Colonels  Gr;itoii,  Bond,  Por- 
ter, and  Burrel's  Rigments  ;  the  Second,  Commanded  by  General  Read, 
Consisting  of  Colonels  Reid,  Patterson,  Waits  and  [?],  the  third  by 
Colonel  Stark,  consisting  of  Colonels  Stark's,  Poor's,  ^laxwell's  and  two 
ot'cer  newcomers,  their  Colonels  I  do  not  know,  tliree  Companies  of 
Artillery  Viz.  Bedloe's,  Steven's  &  Biglow's;  in  all  17  Rigments  and 
three  Companies  of  Artillery  on  our  side.  On  Ticonderoga  side,  the 
fourth  Commanded  by  General  Saint  Clair  Consisting  of  St.  Clair's,  De- 
haas',  Wind's,  Hartley's  and  Waines;  the  r>th  ^It  6th.  Rcgt's.  commanded 
by  General  B- Consisting  of  between  4  &  5  thousand  straping  Yan- 
kees, Just  Come  from  Boston  Government  ;  the  7  Brigade  commanded 
by  General  Waterberry  at  Skanesborough,  to  be  here  in  a  few  Days,  of 
2  Rigments  from  Conecticut,  the  Regiments  not  full.  provisions 
plenty,  Good  pork  <fc  fresh  Beef,  Bread.  Xo  Sauce  for  the  men.  Col. 
>Lixwell  and  myself  each  purchased  a  Cow  which  Gives  us  plenty  of 
-Milk,  our  Captain  has  2  more,  pasture  plenty  ;  there  is  three  Scotch 
farms  within  about  li  miles  of  us,  where  we  Git  some  few  peas,  potatoes 
and  Roastin?  Ears  of  Corn — these  Articles  a  Rarity  among  us.  Good 
We-st  India  Rum  here  is  6/  [?]  Xew  England  Do.  [12,0  or  16,Q,  Brandy 
IS',  Gin  22/  Wine  that  is  Madairy  30/ p  Gallon,  Chocolate  2/6,  Loaf 
Sug;ir  5/G,  Brown  Do  :  1/6,  Gammons  1/3,  Cheese  2/6,  Candles  2/0,  and 
hard  Soap  2/0  pr  pound. 

If  you  had  all  the  Cheese  here  you  make  in  one  Season,  you  might 
fell  it  at  2/G  York  in  10  days  for  cash. 

A  few  Days  ago  I  sot  down  and  calculated  the  cost  of  Transporting 
Cliee.«e  from  your  house  to  this  place,  provided  the  Xorth  River  w;i.s 
Clear,  and  I  think  It  would  not  Cost  a  penny  half  penny  p.  pound. 
Now  Reckon  the  profit  I  would  Advise  you  to  keep  this  years  Cheese 
over  Winter  and  try  it  next  Campain  as  i  make  no  doubt  but  a  Large 
Army  will  be  kept  here  next  Campain  when  you  would  clear  1/G  p 
piund  that  is  £75.  for  every  thousand  Weight — now  throw  away  one 
third  for  Risks  and  Accidents.  Bring  6000  Weight,  the  Clear  proffits 
^ould  amount  to  three  Hundred  pounds  of  Xew  Jersey,  this  may  all  be 
D  •ponded  upon — and  I  Believe  that  Quantity  might  be  sold  "here  at 
tMs  time  in  one  Week  for  Cash,  a  Number  of'Setlers  will  make  Small 
fortunes  here  this  Campaign,  Shugars,  Chocolate,  ColTee,  I'epper,  Shoes, 
■'•birts  fit  for  ofticers.  Stockings,  Do.  Dimity  or  any  thing  fit  for  officers 
^uii.mor  Vests  &  Bn.-eches  would  answer  Extremely  Well  the  time  to 
C'<!ae  would  be  Just  after  harvest  or  a  month  sooner  onlv  that  would 


116  Notes  and  Queries. 

not  [Cor/i]  by  this  time  the  officers  Stores  is  Gone.  I  have  give  half  a 
Dollar  a  Quart  for  Common  Good  Cider  Viuagar  and  Glad  to  <ret  it  to  ; 
110  more.  But  my  Love  to  your  Wife  and  family  lirothers  A:  Sister:! 
and  all  old  friends.  I  am  in  Good  health  and  hope"  you  and  vours  are 
the  same,     I  am  with  Great  Resjiect 

your  friend  and  Brother 

Israel  Sueeve. 

Letter  of  Xatha>ciel  Coffix,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts. In 

the  Collection  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  there  are 
numerous  letters  of  Nathaniel  Coliin,  who  was  connected  with  the  Cus- 
tom service  at  Boston,  of  which  the  following  interesting  one,  although 
without  date,  was  probably  written  in  1764. 

Dear  Sir, 

Two  extraordinary  things  have  occurred  since  you  left  us,  which  I 
shall  give  you  a  detail  of.  The  haste  I  am  in  will  excuse  the  manner 
in  which  I  do  it.  :Mr.  Fenton  having  been  reported  the  author  of  the 
Dialogue,  Mr.  ^Murray  wrote  him  &  insisted  upon  his  either  owning  or 
disowning  it.  Fenton  in  his  answer  termed  this  demand  insolent  I'v: 
refused  to  comply  with  it.  ^Lany  Billets  passed,  in  some  of  which  'Mr. 
^lurray  challenged  Fenton,  but  "before  this  Matter  was  brought  to  an 
issue,  Mr.  Flucker  gave  Mr.  ^furray  leave  to  charge  Mr.  Temple  with 
being  the  author,  he  having  as  he  said  full  proof  of  it.  Mr.  Murray 
acquaints  Temple  with  this  in  a  Billet  e\:  tells  him  he  shou'd  lirst  attack 
him  in  the  publick  prints  with  fairness  and  candor  &  after  that  treat 
him  as  he  deserved.  Temple  ab'  Sunsett  meets  Flucker  in  the  Town 
House,  asked  him  whether  he  had  asserted  that  he  was  the  Author  of 
tlie  Dialogue,  &  before  he  had  Time  to  receive  an  answer,  he  laid  his 
Cane  over  Flucker's  Head,  ifc  as  Flucker  says  put  his  Hand  to  his 
Sword.  Flucker  return' d  this  insult  with  gev"eral  Blows  when  the  By- 
standers as  usual  interfered  &  prevented  anything  further. 

Temple  then  went  to  Mr.  Murrays,  met  him  at  the  Door  &  asked  him 
whether  he  had  wrote  him  a  Billet  signed  Jam'  Murray  &  upon  his 
answering  in  the  affirmative,  "Take  that  you  Dog"  giving  his  answer 
to  the  Billet,  and  at  the  same  time  discharging  a  Yollev  of  oaths  & 
abusive  Language  tweeked  him  by  the  Nose.  General  M'^Kav  has  since 
interposed  in  Fenton's  alTair,  he  sent  for  Murray  &  Fenton,"  read  their' 
Letters,  charged  3Iurray  with  indiscretion  &  advised  him  to  his  asking 
Fenton's  pardon,  which  advice  he  complied  with  and  thus  that  affair 
ended. 

Bob  Temple  has  been  with  the  General  &  has  declared  his  Brother 
wa.s  not  the  Author. 

How  the  Matter  will  end  betwixt  :\rurray  &  Temple  is  uncertain,  the 
Nature  of  the  Disi)Ute  being  entirely  changed  bv  the  personal  abuse 
given  Murray  &  Great  pains  has  been  taken  bv.'old  Capt.  Ervine  to 
bring  on  an  accommodation  betwixt  Flucker  i&  temple  which  Flucker 
will  not  listen  to  and  still  insists  that  he  has  sufficient  proof. 

The  other  remarkable,  relates  to  our  Friend  Ainslie  from  whom  I 
received  last  Wednesday  Morning  a  Note  desiring  me  to  come  down  to 
him  immediately.  I  made  all  the  Haste  I  could  &  found  him  in  the 
Hands  of  an  otricer  at  the  Suit  of  Mr.  Williams  the  inspector  for  £2600 
S.  money  the  Wine  aff-iir  with  which  you  are  acquainted.  He  desired 
me  to  read  the  writ  &  asked  what  was  to  be  done.     I  answered  there 


Notes  and  Queries.  117 

was  no  other  alternative  than  Bail  or  going  to  Jayle.  I  obviated  any 
ai>plication  on  that  Head  to  l^Y^eit■by  acquainting  liiia  that  I  had  given 
the  ;^trongt.'St  assurance  to  my  Security  to  you,  tluu  I  would  not  embar- 
rass mysell'in  this  or  any  otlier  way. 

}Ie  then  desired  me  to  go  to  ^Ir.  Paxton,  by  whom  after  relating  the 
("ircumstanees,  I  was  answered  that  he  could  do  nothinir  in  his  private 
capacity,  but  advised  to  call  upon  Mr.  Birch  the  Chairman,  who  an- 
swered much  in  the  same  way,  but  said  he  would  endeavor  to  get  the 
Board  together  the  next  Day,  which  had  adjourned  Irom  Tuesday  to  the 
Monday  following,  &  advised  me  in  the  meantime  to  get  the  Solicitor  to 
draw  up  a  state  of  his  Case.  When  I  returned  to  Mr.  Ainslie  I  urged 
tlie  oflicer  to  stay  with  him  till  the  Board  cou'd  get  together  which  he 
refused  to  do  saying,  he  would  not  stay  for  a  Guinea  an  Hour.  I  then 
pro[)Osed  to  go  &  look  for  Security,  which  Ainslie  wou'd  not  sutler  me 
to  do,  but  possitively  insisted  on  going  to  Jail,  whither  I  convey' d  him 
in  a  Chaise. 

The  Board  did  not  meet  'till  Fryday.  There  was  but  four  of 
them.  Mr.  Halton  being  prevented  from  coming  to  Town  by  the  bad- 
ness of  the  weather.  Two  viz.  Mr.  Birch  &  Mr.  Paxton  were  for  the 
Ik)ards  ordering  him  to  be  bail'd,  the  other  two  were  for  taking  further 
Time  &  Eobinson  proposed  to  take  Mr,  Auchmuty's  advice  whose 
opinion  was  that  the  Board  should  order  him  bailed.  These  are  now 
upon  the  affair  &  I  am  in  Hopes  poor  Ainslie  will  be  lil)erated  from  a 
loathsome  prison  in  a  few  Hours. 

His  Friends  have  taken  every  Method  to  make  it  sit  easy  upon  him. 
He  has  had  a  large  Levee  every  day,  &  among  them  some  very  agree- 
able Ladies.  I  think  it  Lucky  that  he  did  not  procure  private  Bail  as 
it  might  have  prevented  the  Board  interfering. 

lam  very  busy  making  a  large  Remittance  of  £10,000  Str.  p.  the 
Piippon  in  which  is  included  £3500  the  residue  of  the  last  order. 

Mrs.  Coffin  &  all  the  Family  are  in  statu  quo.  We  have  been  as 
Melancholly  as  Cats  since  you  left  us.  Every  Body  send  regards  to 
you.     I  am 

Your  very  affectionate 

Xath.  Coffix 

The  Board  have  this  minute  order' d  Bail 

BlCEXTEXXIAL     AXXIVEIISARY     OF      THE      "  FaLCKXER      S\VA>fr" 

Lutheran-  Co.ngregatiox. — On  November  28  and  29,  1903,  the  bi- 
centennial anniversary  of  the  Lutheran  congregation  in  New  Hanover 
(Falckner  Swamp),  ]\Iontgomery  County,  Rev.  J.  J.  Kline,  Ph.D., 
pastor,  was  celebrated  with  appropriate  ceremonies.  Among  the 
speakers  were  the  Revs.  F.  J.  F.  Sehantz,  D.D.,  U.  S.  G.  Bertolet, 
I.  B.  Kurtz,  Professor  G.  F.  Spieker,  D.D.,  W.  B.  Fox,  Professor  H.  N. 
Fegely,  D.D.,  W.  O.  Fegely,  and  Dr.  J.  F.  Sachse.  The  Historical 
Sficiety  of  Pennsylvania  was  represented  by  its  Librarian.  The  present 
oliurch  edifice  was  built  in  1767,  and  is  the  fourth  used  since  the  organ- 
ization of  the  congregation. 

"Femxypacker's  Mills,"  on  the  Perkiomen,  is  believed  to  be  the 
only  riead-quarters  of  Washington  during  the  Revolutionary  War  which 
remains  in  the  name  of  the  familv  who  owned  it  at  that  period.  On 
November  16,  1903,  William  D.  Ilunsicker,  while  digging  a  drain  be- 


118  Nofes  and  Queries. 

Iween  the  house  and  the  barn, — forty-five  yards  from  the  house. — found 
a  five-pound  iron  oannon-ball,  rusty  and  encysted  two  feet  under  ground. 

WrsTAK  AssocrATio.v. — In  the  collections  of  The  Historical  Socioiy 
of  Pennsylvania  is  the  printed  arrangements  of  the  Association  for  the 
winter  of  1831-1832,  which  reads  : 

Akraxgeme>"ts 

FOR     • 

The  Wistar  Associatiox  for  1S31,  1832. 
Members  and  the  Day  Jppropriafe.d  for  each. 


1831. 

October    8. 

P.  S.  Duponceau. 

15. 

Mathew  Carey. 

22. 

Vacant. 

29. 

Dr.  Eobert  Hare. 

Nov. 

5. 

Dr.  Thomas  Harris. 

12. 

William  Meredith. 

19. 

Joseph  Hopkinson. 

26. 

Dr.  William  Gibson. 

Dec. 

3. 

J.  K.  Kane. 

10. 

Thomas  Piddle. 

17. 

Eobert  Walsh. 

24. 

Dr.  John  K.  3Iitchell. 

31. 

William  Strickland. 

1832. 

Jan. 

7. 

Dr.  AVilliam  P.  Dewees. 

14. 

Dr.  E.  La  Roche. 

21. 

Dr.  William  Horner. 

28. 

J.  P.  Wetherill. 

Feb. 

4. 

Isaac  Lea. 

11. 

C.  C.  Diddle. 

18. 

William  ^I'llvaine. 

25. 

John  Vaughan. 

March 

8. 

Dr.  Nathaniel  Chapman. 

10. 

Dr.  Charles  D.  Meigs. 

Eegulatioxs. 

If  the  evening  fixed  for  any  member  is  wished  to  be  changed  by  him, 
he  is  to  make  an  arrangement  with  some  other  member  to  exchange 
with  him,  whose  turn  he  is  then  to  take. 

Not  more  than  twenty  citizens  can  be  invited  by  the  members  at 
whose  house  the  meeting  is  held. 

Any  strangers,  but  710  citizens,  can  be  introduced  by  the  other 
members. 

At  supper.  Beef,  Ham,  Turkey,  or  Chickens,  Stewed  Oysters  and 
Chicken  Salad  may  be  introduced,  but  no  Cofloe,  Tea,  Cakes  or  Ice 
Creams.     No  refreshment  of  any  sort  introduced  before  supper. 

The  members  to  be  early  and  punctual  in  their  attendance. 

John  Walker.— Dr.  Egle  has  a  pedigree  of  John  Walker,  of  North- 
umberland County,  Pennsylvania,  in  "Notes  and  Queries,"  3d  ser.,  I. 
357,  4th  ser.,  I.  130,  which  places  him  as  the  son  of  James  Walker,  '/. 
Paxtang  Township,  will  proved  November  10,  1784,  and  to  them  is 
given  a  long  pedigree. 


Notes  and  Queries.  119 

r.nt  as  said  James  Walker  and  hi<  second  ^^i:e.  Barbara  McAnhur. 
w.-re  married  Januarv  25,  1776  (Paxtang  and  Dorry  Records),  and 
John  Walker  was  killed  in  17S2,  described  as  "  an  old  man/-  and  bad  a  son 
l,..rii  in  175S,  who  had  a  son  born  in  17S7,  he  coulci  not  have  bten  of 
the  lineage  Dr.  p:gle  gave  him.  It  is  true  that  James  and  Barbara 
Walker  had  a  son ''John,"  but  he  was  alive  in  17S4,  a  minor,  ac- 
tording  to  his  father's  will.  So  he  could  not  have  b-oen  the  John  mur- 
dered I'll  1782,  as  stated  in  the  "Xotes  and  Queries." 

This  John  Walker  was  the  old  gentleman  who  was  murdered  by 
Indians  on  Au-zust  S,  17S2,  while  on  a  visit  to  the  home  of  Major 
John  Lee,  who^resided  where  the  town  of  Winiield.  in  Union  County, 
now  stands.  An  account  of  this  Indian  raid  may  be  found  in  Mcgiu- 
ni'^s's  "Historv  of  the  West  Branch  Yalley/'  pages  273.  361,  and 
I  inn'><  '-Annals  of  the  Buffalo  Yalley,"  written  up  from  a  letter  Irom 
(V,!..nel  Biulcr,  Aucust  25,  17S2,  to  Colonel  Magaw.  at  Carlisle,  and 
(l:<covcred  among  the  hitter's  papers,  and  a  letter  dateil  Fort  Au^una. 
\uo-ust  13,  1782,  in  the  Fenn^si/lvania  G<i:i!t-r.  August  2?.  Mr.  V-,  alker 
resided  at  the  mouth  of  Pine  Creek,  on  the  West  Branch.  He  had 
nine  children  by  his  wife  Jean,  who  was  accidentally  killed  in  May, 
17SS,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Powell.      Of  these  : 

1.  Benjamin  Wall-er,  h.  October,  1758;  d.  I.a  Porte.  Indiana,  1846; 
1,1.  March,  1784,  Ann  Crawford,  d.  1836,  and  had  ten  children. 

2.  William  Walker,  d.  Lycoming  County,  Pennsylvania,  1789.  He 
had  John  and  William,  of  Vigo  County,  Indiana,  1820. 

3.  Hennj  Walker,  alive  September  26,  1796. 

4.  Jo.iqj'h   Walker,  alive  February  4,  1793. 

5.  John   Walker,  alive  August  30,  1791. 

6.  Samuel  Walker,  alive  August  30,  1791. 

7.  Jean  Walker,  alive  August  20,  1791. 

8  Sarah  Walker,  d.  after  18 1 0.  She  was  the  eldest  daughter,  accora  i ng 
to  a  deed  of  1794,  and  probably  the  eldest  child.  She  m.  ^^  illiam  M-rri- 
son    Jr.,  1747-1810  (see  "  Morrison  Family  History";,  and  had  issue. 

9.  (Name  unknown.  :\Ir.  Walker's  estate  was  a-iminL^tered  Septem- 
ber 13,  1782,  bv  his  widow  Jean  and  son  Benjamin  V»  alker,  an.i  was 
divided  into  nine-ninths.  Eight  of  these  pans  are  a:-couuted  lor  by 
the  children  named  above.  The  other  ninth  may  have  been  lor  the 
wi.low  or  for  another  child.)  As  to  how  the  Walker  tw-.ys  avenged  their 
father's  murder,  see  Meginniss's  "Historical  Journal,"  H.  90,  li4,  and 
Court  Records  of  Northumberland  County,  Pennsylvrvr:a. 

C.  H.  BF.o^v^-I^-G. 

REVOLrTioxARY  Pexsioxs.— Mr.  William  M.  Mervine  sends  u^  the 
following  Revolutionary  pension  records,  from  minutes  of  the  Orphans 
Courts  of  several  counties  of  Pennsvlvania  and  Marylccd  : 

PKNN.SYLVAXIA.— /?okr^  Mc  WHUami  in  Captain  Arthur  Tagerts  Com- 
pany of  Northumberland  county  :Militia,  killed  on. or  near  the  12th  ot 
iXcember  1777,  near  Gulph  Mill,  in  Philadelphia  cotmty,  in  an  action 
with  the  British,  when  the  British  tried  to  surprise  Brigadier  General 
Patten  [?].  Robert  McWilliams  was  under  command  oi  John  Chattam. 
T,,noth>i  Lenningirjn,  Ser-eant  in  Second  Battalion  of  Pennsylvania 
Militia,  Commanded  bv  Colonel  James  :SIurray.  woundai  badly  11th  ol 
December  1777,  Battle  of  the  Gulph.  Certificate  by  B-^njamiu  Alison, 
Surgeon,  Captain  Cooksou  Long's  Company. 


120  Notes  and  Queries. 

Charles  Chirk,  First  Lieutenant  in  Captain  Arthur  Taggarts  Com- 
pany of  North  umber  haul  eounty  Militia,  in  detaehnient  commanded  hv 
James  .Morrow  E<(iuire,  wounded  at  Gulph  Mills. ^ 

Mark  Binyky  Worrell,  private  in  Eleventh  Pennsylvania  ;  -10  yrs  of 
age,  wounded  t^etolter  4,  1777,  at  Battle  of  Genuantown.* 

Hon.  James  Irvine,  kite  a  Brig.  General  in  Pennsylvania  Militia,  in 
engagemei'.t  at  Chestnut  Hill  iJeeember  o,  1777,  wounded  eu'.,  wu-s 
captured  and  was  exchanged  Sept.  3,  1781.^ 

Sat/iuniel  Little,  late  a  Sergeant  in  Captain  David  iMcQueens  Com- 
pany in  the  Fourth  Battalion  Lancaster  County  ^lilitia,  who  was  killed 
in  an  encraeement  with  the  British  Armv  in  December  177  7  near  Chest- 
nut Hill>  ^ 

Maryla>;i). — Mldtael  O'rosh  who  lost  his  life  in  the  Militia  service, 
as  by  certificate  of  Col.  15aker,  setting  forth  that  the  said  31ichael  Grosh 
was  a  Lieutenant  and  was  killed  in  the  Engagement  at  German  Town.^ 

John  Stresner,  Private,  Seventh  Maryland  liCgiment,  wounded  at 
German  Town.® 

Major  James  Cnx  of  tlie  Baltimore  Town  Battalion  of  ^lilitia,  who 
was  killed  in  an  engagement  with  the  Enemy  October  4,  1777,  at  Ger- 
man Town  in  Pennsylvania,  being  then  in  the  Service  of  the  U.  S.'' 

Pamphlets. — Commencing  the  collection  and  preservation  of  pam- 
phlets, I  affix  the  succeeding  extract  from  Myles  Davies.  Icon  Libel- 
lorum,  1715.  —  "From  paniplilets  may  be  learned  the  genius  of  the  age, 
the  debates  of  the  learned,  the  beeues  of  government,  &  mistakes  of  the 
courtiers.  Pamphlets  furnish  beaus  with  their  airs  ;  coquettes  with  their 
charms.  Pamphlets  are  as  modish  ornaments  to  gentlewomen's  toilets, 
as  to  gentlemen's  pockets  :  they  carry  reputation  of  learning  &  v^-it  to 
all  that  make  them  their  companions ;  the  poor  find  their  account  in 
stall-keeping  and  hawking  them  :  the  rich  find  in  them  their  shortest 
way  to  the  secrets  of  church  and  state.  In  short,  with  pamphlets,  the 
booksellers  adorn  the  gaiety  of  shop  gazing.  Hence  accrues  to  grocers, 
apothecaries  <fc  chandlers,  good  furniture  &  supplies  to  necessary  retreats. 
In  pamphlets,  lawyers  meet  with  their  chicanery,  physicians  with  their 
cant,  divines  with  their  shibboleth.  Pamphlets  become  more  and  more 
daily  amusements  to  the  curious,  idle,  &  inquisitive  ;  pastime  to  gallants 
&  coquettes;  chat  to  the  talkative;  catchwords  to  int'ormers  ;  fuel  to 
the  envious  ;  poison  to  the  untbrtunate  ;  balsam  to  the  wounded  ;  em- 
ployment to  the  lazy,  &  fabulous  materials  to  romancers  &  novelists." 

FOTJR     PonXRAITS     PRESENTED    TO    ThE     HISTORICAL    SOCIETY    OF 

Pennsylvania. — At  the  Stated  Meeting  of  the  Society  held  November 
9,  1903,  the  following  four  portraits  in  oil  were  presented. 

Philadelphia  Club,  November  5, 1903. 
To  THE  President  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 
Dear  Sir, — I  have  the.  pleasure  of  presenting  through  you  to  The 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  a  portrait  of  Washington,  painted 

>  Orphans'  Court  Docket  No.  1,  paj;es  12,  27,  and  40,  Sunbury,  Northumberland 
Coutitv,  Pennsvlvaiiia. 

*  Ibid.,  Pliihideliihia,  Docket  So.  13,  page  137,  November  14,  1785. 
'  Ibid.,  piige  117,  September  :'.0,  1785. 

*  Ibid.,  Lanca.stcr  County,  Docket  of  17S6,  September  Term. 

»  Ibid.,  Frederick  County,  Maryland,  Minute-Book  No.  1,  April  Term,  17S4. 

*  Ibid.,  Minutc-Book  No.  2,  Afiril  Term,  17S<5. 

'  Ibid.,  Baltimore  County,  Maryland,  Minute-Book  No.  2,  page  14. 


Notes  and  Queries.  1'21 

in  oil  by  Gilbert  Stuart.  It  originally  belonged  to  :Mr.  GiHv:t  Robert- 
lon.  vclio  was  tbe  I'riii>h  consul  in  Phihulelphia  from  the  yo:ir  1818 
until  liis  death  in  ISoi!.  It  then  passed  to  his  stop-C:iurht<r,  my 
mother,  Juliana  Matilda  Gouverneur,  wife  of  the  late  Fr.\:-.-.s  Kawle 
Wiiarlon,  Esq.  ;  from  her  to  my  sister,  Alida  Gouverneur  \V:uir:.-,n.  wife 
of  the  late  John  T.  Montgome'ry,  E.sq.,  and  from  her  by  K\r:v>!  to  mc. 
In  presenting  this  valuable  portrait  to  your  Society,  I  irusi  :i:st  it  will 
\,v  cart-fully  preserved  upon  the  walls  oi'  one  of  its  tire-proof  r->>ms. 

With  the  assurance  of  my  high  regard  and  best  wish^.^  for  The  con- 
tinued prosperity  of  your  esteemed  institution,  believe  mo. 
Yours  very  respectfully. 

FrAXCIS    E.    WliAF.TOX. 

The  above  portrait  is  mentioned  in  ^lason's  "Life  and  Wurks  of 
Gilbert  Stuart,"  page  106. 

A  portrait  of  the  late  John  William  Wallace,  LL.D..  Tresident  of 
the  Society  from  1S6S  to  1SS4,  was  presented  by  his  grandsons.  Willing 
ami  Arthur  R.  Spencer.  The  llun.  Hampton  L.  Carbon.  Aitorney- 
(k-neral  of  the  Commonwealth,  made  the  presentation  address?  on  behalf 
of  the  donors. 

Mr.  William  H.  Jordan  presented  portraits  of  Hon.  Henr}-  Af.  Hdvt 
and  Hon.  Robert  E.  Pattison,  former  Governors  of  the  Couim.Miwt'alth. 

The  Society  now  posse.sses  portraits  of  Washington  painTed  by  Stuart, 
Peale,  Wertmueller,  Wright,  and  Polk. 


Queries. 

Hon.  William  Bladex,  born  February  27,  1672,  at  Stoeton.  York- 
shire, England,  died  August  9,  17 IS,  ut  Annapolis,  Maryland.  He  was 
the  son  of  Nathaniel  Bladen,  of  Hemsworth,  Yorkshire,  an.l  Lincoln's 
Inn,  London,  barrister-at-law,  by  his  wife  Isabella,  daughter  of  Sir 
William  Fairfax,  of  Steeton  Castle,  Yorkshire.  (He  was  a  general  in 
the  Parliamentary  army  and  cousin  to  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax.)  William 
Bladen  took  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  Maryland.  As  early 
as  June  7,  1692,  the  House  awarded  him  1600  lbs.  of  Tobacco  for  his 
allowance  as  Clerk  ;  October  24  the  Council  allowed  in  The  Levy 
4'»00  lbs.  of  Tobacco  for  his  services  in  transcribing  copie-  of  the 
Laws,  and  April  8,  1693,  he  and  two  others  were  appointed  deputies  to 
apprehend  Colonel  Peter  Sager  and  Thomas  Smith,  of  Talbot  County,  tV)r 
coiivpiracv.  From  the  Calendar  of  Maryland  State  Papers  we  tiud  that  he 
also  tilled  the  following  othces  :  1695,  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  ; 
l';97,  Register  for  the  Eastern  and  Western  Shore;  1697-9S,  again  Clerk 
of  the  House  ;  1698,  Surveyor  and  Deputy  Collector  ;  169.S-1700.  Xaval 
Olhcer  and  Sur\-eyor  of  the  Port  of  Annapolis;  and  in  1701.  .Secretary 
of  the  Province.  On  May  8.  1702,  William  Dent.  Attorney-General, 
declining  longer  service,  William  Bladen  was  nominated,  and  October,^ 
1703,  he  wa.s  Clerk  of  the  Council.  In  1704  he  was  a  vestryman  of 
St.  .-Vnne's  Church,  Annapolis,  an  office  which  at  this  date  was  clothed 
*ith  certain  powers  in  administering  the  Ecclesiastical  Laws.  At  the 
d;ite  of  his  death  he  was  Commissary-General  of  the  Province  {i.e., 
<-'hiof-Justice  of  Surrogate  Court). 

l'['  to  the  year  1696  Maryland  had  no  Public  Printer,  but  in  October 


122  Notes  and  Queries. 

Wiiliain  Bhiden,  Clork  of  tlie  upper  House,  petitioned  the  A^POiuLly  to 
estaiilish  the  otlice.  olVering  to  procure  the  neoos:?ary  press  and  niuterial. 
shouhl  lie  he  ajipointcd.  The  i>etition  was  approved  and  the  outfit 
iniportLMl,  and  in  17ih)  the  Goveruor  and  Council  reco'.nnieuded  to  tlie 
lovrer  House  that  all  blanks  for  writs  and  other  leaal  docunionts  be 
printed  by  lUaden,  wlio  also  printed  the  laws  then  in  force.  The  new 
State-House  was  erected  under  contract  by  Bladen  (who  had  erected  all 
the  other  public  buihlings),  at  a  cost  not  to  exceed  £1000  sterling. 

"William  Bladen  married,  first,  Letitia,  daughter  of  Judge  Dudk-y 
Loftus.  Vicar-General  of  Ireland.  (It  is  certain  that  at  the  time  of  his 
death  the  name  of  his  wife  was  Anna,  as  is  attested  by  a  deed  from 
him  and  his  wife  U)  Colonel  Thomas  Addison,  dated  July  17,  171S.) 
His  children  were: 

Tlioma-'^,  horw  February  23,  169S;  Governor  of  Marydand  1742-47. 
He.  and  Lord  Baltimore  married  sisters,  daughters  of  Sir  Theodore 
Janssen. 

Christopher,  Ensign  in  Colonel  Fielding's  Kegimcut  of  Foot. 
Wi/linm.  in  1741  Naval  Officer  at  Annapolis. 

Martin,  of  Wegan,  Laucastershire,  England. 

Atuie,  who  married  Hon.  Benjamin  Tasker,  of  Maryland. 

Prl'^cUIn,  who  married,  about  1725,  Hon.  Robert  C;\i-ter,  of  "  Xom- 
inay  Hall,"  Westmoreland  County,  Virginia.  She  was  the  mother 
of  Hon.  Robert  Carter,  "the  Councillor." 

In  the  church-yard  of  St.  Anne's,  at  Annapolis,  is  an  altar  tomb 
erected  to  the  memory  of  Hon.  William  Bladen,  upon  which,  beautifully 
carved,  is  his  coat  armor  :  Gu.  three  Chevs,  Ar.  Crest  a  winged  griffin 
on  a  ducal  coronet,  holding  in  his  mouth  an  arroSv. 

Information  is  requested  as  to  the  maiden  name  and  parentage  of 
Anna,  second  wife  of  Hon.  "William  Bladen. 

Feaxcis  M.  HuTcnixsox. 

Shaxxox. — Thomas  Shannon,  of  Sadsbury  To'Aiiship,  I-ancaster 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  his  will  dated  April  4,  1737,  mentions  his 
wife  Agnes,  and  John,  one  of  his  sons.  A  John  Shannon  (presumably 
the  above)  died  prior  to  17G8,  for  bis  son  John,  in  January,  petitioned 
the  Orjihans'  Court  for  a  division  of  his  father's  estate,  who  had  died 
intestate,  leaving  a  widow  and  eleven  children.  The  maiden  name  of 
the  widov,"  was  Sarah  Reid.  When  and  where  was  Thomas  Shannon 
born,  where  did  he  come  from  to  Sadsbury  Township,  what  was  the 
surname  of  his  wife  Agnes,  and  when  \vas  tlieir  son  John  born  ? 

John  and  Sarah  (Reid)  Shannon  had,  among  other  children,  a  son 
Thomas,  who  married  Polly  Reid  and  settled  in  Kentucky.  When 
and  where  was  Thomas  born  and  where  did  he  die?  Did  he  serve 
during  the  Revolution  ?  When  was  Polly  Reid  born,  where  did  she 
die,  and  who  were  her  parents?  .  M.  F.  B. 

Jonx  FoxcROFT,  Deputy  Postmaster-Gexeral  of  the  Coloxies. 
— So  little  is  known  of  Foxcroft,  beyond  the  facts  of  his  office-holding 
and  that  bis  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Franklin,  that  the  following  extracts 
from  letters  of  James  Parker  to  Franklin,  printed  in  the  last  volume 
(xvi.)  of  Proceedings  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  are  con- 
tributed as  a  supplement  to  Goddard's  screed  against  Foxcroft  in  the 
October  number  of  The  Pexxa.  Mag.  (page  50 i). 


Notes  and  Qiaiics,  123 

Jul.  14,  1765. — "Mr.  Foxcroft  is  not  come  from  Virginia  yot." 

.l/.p/  i."J,  1765. — "Mr.  Foxcroft  being  nKnnentarily  expected  at 
I'iiilada." 

Jtiiic  l.'i,  1765. — "Mr.  Foxcroft  is  now  here  .  .  .  just  come  and 
Iju.>v  putting  his  House  in  order." 

c'au  any  one  add  the  date  of  his  dciith  and  where  buried? 

Chaki.es  Hkxky  IIakt. 

roKTKAir  OF  GrsTAVus  CoxynctHam,  by  Eembra^dt  Pealk.— 
(iu.itavus  Cunyughaui,  captain  in  tlie  navy  of  the  United  States,  1777, 
a  character  no  less  interesting  than  Paul  Jones  and  not  a  whit  less  im- 
portant measured  by  his  service  to  the  Colonies,  but  far  less  well  known, 
has  recently  been  made  the  subject  of  an  historical  monograph  by 
Cliarlcs  Henry  Jones,  published  by  the  Sous  of  the  Revolution,  and  of 
a  valuable  article  by  James  Barnes,  in  the  Outlook,  entitled  "The 
Story  of  the  Lost  Commission."  Poth  are  illustrated  by  reproductions 
of  contemporary  caricatures  of  Conyngham,  and  it  may  not  be  known 
that  his  {jortrait  was  painted  by  Rembrandt  Peale.  This  note  is  in- 
i-crted  as  a  search-warrant  for  that  portrait.  Who  has  it  and  where 
is  it  ? 

Charles  Hexry  IIaet. 

Dewkes — KosTEPw — Boehm. — Cornelius  Dewecs,  who  married  Mar- 
garet Koster,  had  children  baptized  at  Skippack,  Philadelphia  (Mont- 
potiiery)  County,  Pa.,  in  1710-11,  and  Cornelius  Dewees  Cooper,  of 
Whitemarsh  Township,  Philadelphia  (now  Montgomery)  County,  Pa., 
married  Maria  Philippina  Boehm,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Philip 
lioelun.  In  1745  they  owned  land  on  the  Skippack,  and  in  1751 
resided  in  Gloucester  County,  Xew  Jersey.  What  relationship,  if  any, 
existed  between  the  above-named  Dewees?  Who  were  the  children  of 
each?  Any  information  concerning  these  and  their  antecedents  and 
descendants,  and  concerning  the  family  of  Koster  will  be  appreciated  by 

Ethax  Allex  Weaver. 

Lock  Box  713,  Philadelphia. 

Caleb  Loav^n'IIS. — Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  whether 
C.  Lownes,  who  engraved  "A  Xew  Plan  of  Boston  Harbor,"  etc., 
which  appears  in  the  Pcnnsi/lvania  Magazine  for  June,  1775,  is  the  same 
P'-rsnn  as  Caleb  Lov:ncs,  the  author  of  "  Account  of  the  Gaol  and  Peni- 
t»nti;iry  House  of  Philadelphia,  and  of  the  Interior  Management  thereof. 
Philadelphia,  1703,"  and  "An  account  of  the  Alteration  and  Present 
St.Hte  of  the  Penal  Laws  of  Pennsylvania.     Boston,  17^9"  ? 

Charles  Hexry'  Hart. 


aSooft  "Hoticcs. 

Mimtes  axd  Letters  of  the  Cqttus  of  the  Germax  Reformed 

Congregations     in     Pennsylvania     1747-1792,     together 

WITH    Three  Preliminary  Reports  of  Rev.  John   Philip 

liOEHM.  1734-1744.      Edited  by  Rev.  J.  L  Good,  D.D.,  and  Rev. 

_  W.  J.  Hinke.     Philadelphia,  1903.     8vo,  pp.  4G3. 

'Ihe  documents   published   in   this   volume    have  been    collected   in 

Holland  and  America,  and  are  all  that  remain  of  the  oflicial  papers  of 


124  Notes  and  Queries. 

the  CiTtus  of  the  German  Reformed  congregations  in  Pennsylvania 
between  1747  and  1792.  Th.-y  give  us  important  data  relating  to  the 
activity  of  its  ministers,  and  tllro^Y  considerable  light  upon  the  religious, 
social,  and  political  life  of  the  members  of  the  church.  As  u  contribu- 
tion to  the  religious  history  of  the  State  they  are  valuable  and  in- 
structive. The  Virst  German  Kcformed  congregation  organized  in  the 
Province  was  at  Goshenhoppcn,  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Goetschy.  who  also 
itinerated  through  the  district  of  country  now  comprised  in  the  counties 
of  Montgomcryr  Chester,  Berks,  Lehigh,  and  Lebanon.  Well-known 
ministers  wereRevs.  George  Michael  "Weiss,  John  Bartholomew  Rueger, 
and  John  Peter  :Miller,  who  had  been  students  at  Heidelberg  ;  but  the 
latter,  after  a  service  of  about  five  years  at  Tuli>ehocken,  united  with 
the  Seventh-Day  Baptists  at  Ephrata.  The  Rev.  John  Philip  Boehm 
was  evidently  the  first  to  introduce  '•  gcmeinschaftliche  Kirche"  (a 
church  held  jointly  by  two  denominations),  which  are  still  to  be  met 
with  in  rural  districts.  A  number  of  his  reports,  1734-1744,  contain 
many  facts  which  will  prove  of  general  interest.  The  collection  of 
these  documents  has  been  attended  by  considerable  labor  and  expense, 
and  we  are  indebted  to  the  zeal  and  liberality  of  Rev.  J.  I.  Good, 
D.D.,  assisted  by  Rev.  Professor  W.  -J.  Hinke,  for  their  being  made 
accessible  to  the  pubttc. 

The  Philapeli'iiia  Natioxal  Bank.  A  Cexturv's  Recokp,  1803- 
1903.  By  A  Stockholder.  8vo,  pp.  220. 
The  Philadelphia  Bank  originated  at  a  meeting  held  in  the  oifice 
of  that  distinguished  merchant  and  citizen,  John  Welsh,  in  August, 
1803,  and  on  September  9  its  doors  were  opened  for  the  transaction  ot 
business,  on  the  south  side  of  Chestnut  Street,  between  Third  Street 
and  Hudson's  Alley.  P>om  here  it  removed  to  the  Gothic  building 
on  Fourth  Street,  below  Chestnut,  next  to  the  southwest  corner  of 
Fourth  and  Chestnut  Streets,  and  since  1859  it  has  continued  business 
in  the  present  banking-house  on  Chestnut  Street,  opposite  the  Ignited 
States  Custom-House.  Fnr  a  century,  therefore,  the  bank  has  been 
located  in  the  vicinity  of  Fourth  and  Chestnut  Streets,  and  during  that 
long  period  it  has  had  but  seven  presidents.  The  history  of  the  bank 
(its  growth  and  connections  with  the  great  events  that  have  made  up 
the  financial  history  of  the  nation,  State,  and  city)  has  been  traced 
with  care,  and  it  begins  its  second  century  with  the  best  wishes  of  its 
friends  and  patrons  and  the  confidence  of  the  entire  community.  As 
a  contribution  to  our  local  history  it  is  also  most  acceptable.  The  book 
is  liberally  illustrated,  well  printed,  and  attractively  bound. 

Robert  Morris,  Patriot  axd  Financier.     By  Ellis  Paxson  Ober- 
holtzer,     Ph.D.     The    :JLacmillan    Company,     New  York,    1903. 
Large  12ino.     $3,00,  net.     Illustrated. 
This  is  a  biograi)hy  of  one  of  the  great  men  of  the  Revolution  and  the 
early  days  of  the  United  States,   and  is  of  more  than  ordinary  interest 
and  importance.      It  is,  for  the  most  part,  founded  on  the  new  material 
derived  from  the  Morris  manuscripts  recently  acquired  by  the  Library 
of  Congress,  comprising,  among  others,  his  diary  covering  his  entire  term 
as  Superintendent   of  Finance,    and    private  and    oflicial    letter-books 
down  to  1798.      Dr.   Oberholtzer  has  also  devoted  much  time  to  col- 
lecting information  from  other  sources,  and  his  biography  of  the  man, 


]Votes  a})(l  Qi'.crics.  125 

ivliorc  splemlid  services  to  his  country  through  its  financial  straits  are  a 
CKitter  <»t  history,  will  arouse  I're.-h  interest.  Robert  Morris  has  here- 
:..!'ure  been  allowed  to  suller  undeserved  neglect  by  historians  and  biog- 
rajdiers. 

ri-lil.ICATIOXS    OF    THE   GENEALOGICAL    SOCIETY  OF   PeNNSYLYAXIA. 

Vol.  II.  ^'o.  3.  19U3.  8vo,  pp.  200. 
This  volume  is  made  up  of  the  Register  of  St.  Mary's  Church,  Bur- 
liuiiton,  2s'ew  Jersey,  1703-1836;  Inscriptions  in  Saint  Paul's  Church 
and  Church-yard,  Philadelphia,  with  a  Plan  of  the  Church-yard  (the 
t  iiigregatiou  was  organized  in  June  of  ITGu)  ;  Inscriptions  in  the 
Church-yard  of  the  Church  of  the  Epiphany,  at  the  corner  of  Fifteenth 
and  Chestnut  Street.s.  The  lu'operty  was  sold,  and  in  the  winter  of 
l>l'4-05  the  bodies  were  removed.  The  eleventh  annual  report,  with  a 
h-t  of  the  officers  and  a  very  full  index  of  names,  completes  another 
valuable  contribution  to  local  histoiy  andgen&ilogy  through  the  medium 
of  this  Society. 

I'ARTiAL  Genealogy  of  the  Sellers  axd  "Wampole  Families  of 

Penxsylvaxia.     By  Edwin  Jaquett  Sellers.     Philadelphia,  1903. 

8vo,  pp.  139.     Illustrated.     Edition  150  copies. 

As  the  title  indicates,   we  are  given  genealogies  of  the  compiler's 

family,  prepared  with  the  same  care  and  systematic  arrangement  which 

.•>.rc  fi)und  in  his  other  woi'ks.     The  biographical  matter  relating  to  the 

late  David  Wampole  Sellers,  Esq.,  is  a  worthy  memorial  to  an  eminent 

citizen  and  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Philadelphia  bar.     The  work  is 

>vell  printed  and  bound. 

Studies  ix'  the  History  of  the  Federal  Cox~yextiox'  of  1787, 
ly  Profe:5sor  John  Franklin  Jameson,  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  re- 
printed fr(jm  the  Report  of  the  American  Historical  Association  for 
]'."ti',  has  been  received.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  papers  com- 
pri-^ing  the  series :  Letters  from  the  Federal  Convention  ;  Letters  not 
hvrctofore  printed  ;  List  of  Letters  in  Print  ;  the  Text  of  the  Virginia 
I'ian  ;  the  Text  of  the  Pinckney  Plan  ;  the  Text  of  the  New  Jersey 
Plan  ;  the  Text  of  Hamilton's  Plan  ;  the  Wilson  Drafts  for  the  Com- 
liiiuoe  of  Detail ;  Members  who  did  not  sign  ;  the  Action  of  the  States  ; 
Journals  and  Debates  of  the  State  Conventions.  The  annotations  are 
Valuable  to  all  interested  in  the  subject,  and  have  been  prepared  with 
the  care  and  research  for  which  the  author  enjoys  so  distinguished  a 
r>  putation. 

Houghtox,  Mifflix  &  Co.  are  issuing,  in  illustrated  form,  a  large 
{'^ilK-r  edition  of  John  Fiske's  "Dutch  and  Quaker  Colonies,"  which 
«dl  commend  itself  to  book-lovers  and  collectors.  The  edition  is 
J  i  mi  tod. 

\\yomixo  Commemorative  Assoctatiox. — We  have  received  the 
K»-{K.rt  ot  the  Proceedings  of  the  Wyoming  Commemorative  Association 
'  u  the  occa-ion  of  the  one  hundred  and  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the 
'■-I'.t.e  and  massacre  of  Wvomin^,  held  Julv  3,"l903.  The  commemora- 
«»ve  address  wa.s  made  bv  William  Elliot  Grifhs,  D.D.,  L.H.D.,  of 
» -haca.  New  York  :   "The  Historv  and  Mvthologv  of  Sullivan's  Expedi- 


126  JVofes  oihl  Queries. 

tion."  The  cxpclition  of  General  Sullivan  into  Central  and  We.*t«rn 
New  York  to  destroy  rbo  power  of  tlie  Iroquois  confe.ieracy,  in  177',i 
was  authorized  hy  Congress  and  planned  by  Washinirton.  Its  impor- 
tance and  intluenee  were  recognized  at  the  time,  for  it  paralyzed  the 
Indians  and  stoj)ped  flunk  and  rear  attacks  on  Washington's  army. 

A  History  of  Wilkesbarrf,,  LrzEuxE  County,  Pexxsylvania, 
from  its  first  beginnings  to  the  present  time,  including  chapters  of  newly 
discovered  early  Wyoming  Valley  history,  together  with  many  bio- 
graphical sketches  and  much  genealogical  data,  by  Oscar  J.  Harvey, 
A.M.,  has  just  come  from  the  press.  It  is  illustrated  with  maps,  por- 
traits, original  drawings,  facsimiles,  and  contemporary  views. 

The  Life  of  Horace  Bixxey",  avith  Selections  from  his  Let- 
ters. By  Charles  Chauncey  Biuney.  Philadelphia,  1903.  Svo, 
pp.  460.      Illustrated. 

The  latest  permanently  valuable  contribution  to  historical  biography 
is  that  of  the  eminent  lawyer,  Horace  Binney.  He  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, January  4,  1780',  his  father,  Dr.  Barnabas  Binney,  being  a 
distinguished  surgeon  in  the  hospital  service  during  the  Pievolutioii. 
After  graduating  fnnn  Harvard  in  1797,  he  read  law  with  Jared  luger- 
soU,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1800,  when  little  more  than  twenty 
years  of  age.  In  180(3  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  but 
a  year  later  resumed  the  active  practice  of  his  profession,  and  before 
1814  prepared  six  volumes  of  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Penn- 
sylvania. In  1832  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  twenty-third  Con- 
gress on  the  anti-Jackson  ticket,  and  declined  a  re-election.  After 
spending  a  year  of  travel  in  Europe,  in  1837  he  returned  home  and 
thereafter  refused  all  professional  engagements  in  the  courts,  confining 
himself  to  office  practice,  giving  opinions  on  land  titles,  on  trusts,  on 
commercial  questions,  and  on  other  abstruse  subjects  in  ever}'  depart- 
ment of  the  law.  His  letters  show  how  strenuously  he  labored  for  the 
preservation  of  the  Union,  and  although  he  never  expected  to  live  to 
see  the  end  of  the  conflict,  his  confidence  in  the  result  never  wavered. 
In  early  life  he  had  acquired  the  art  and  habit  of  study  and  a  love  for  it 
which  never  abated,  and  the  activity  of  his  mind  remained  undi- 
minished until  his  death  in  1875.  Mr.'  Binney's  eminence  as  a  lawyer 
and  a  churchman,  the  high  place  he  held  in  the  public  esteem,  and 
the  remarkable  influence  he  wielded,  made  him  a  recognized  leader 
in  his  community.  The  following  are  some  of  the  titles  of  his  con- 
tributions to  our  legal  and  historical  literature  : 

Eulogium  on  William  Tilghman,  1827 ;  Speech  at  anti-Jackson 
Meeting  at  the  State-House,  October  20,  1832;  Speech  on  Pemoval  of 
Deposits,  1834;  Speech  on  the  Contested  Election  of  Letcher  and 
Moore,  1834;  Eulogy  on  Life  and  Character  of  John  Marshall,  1835; 
Opinion  as  to  Trusts  under  Girard's  Will,  1838  ;  Review  of  the  Opinion 
of  the  Court  that  the  Act  of  March  21,  1772,  entitled  "An  Act  for 
Prevention  of  Frauds  and  Perjuries,"  does  not  apply  to  Trust  or  Equita- 
ble Estates,  1848;  Correspondence  and  Remarks 'in  regard  to  Bishop 
Doane's  Signature  of  Name  of  Horace  Binney  as  Subscriber  to  New 
Church  pyJifice  in  Burlington,  1849;  Fundamental  By-Laws  and  Tables 
of  Rates  for  Revisionary  Annuities  and  Endowments  by  Corporations  tVir 
Relief  of  Widows  and  Children  of  Clergj-men  of  Protestant  Episcopal 


Notes  and  Queries.  127 

Church,  1S51  ;  Address  at  the  Centennial  Meeting  of  the  rhih\<lel]>!ii;i 
Contrilmtionshi])  for  Insurance  of  Hou-cs  from  Lo>s  by  Fire,  \^'>-\ 
Keply  to  I'art  of  the  Keport  of  the  2se\v  Jersey  Diocesan  Convention  tni 
the  Case  of  Bishop  Doanc,  1852;  The  Case  of  Kt.  Eev.  Henry  U.  (  in- 
derdonk,  D.D.,  stated  and  considered  with  Reference  to  his  C(^ntimi.Ml 
Suspension,  1S53;  The  Alienegense  of  V\'.  S.  under  the  Present  Natural- 
ization Laws,  1853;  Obituary  of  Huracc  Binney  Wallace,  18").'):  IJo- 
niarks  of  Bar  o^'  Philadelphia  on  Deaths  of  Charles  Chauncey  and  J^hn 
Sergeant,  1853;  Oiiinion  of  Horace  Binney  upon  the  Jurisdiction  of 
the  Coroner,  1S53;  Reply  to  Bishop  Meade's  Second  Pamphlet  and  to 
Bishop  Hopkins's  Letter  on  the  Case  of  P<ishop  Onderdonk,  1854;  A 
Kcview  of  Bishop  Meade's  Counter-Statement  of  the  Case  of  Ihshop 
Onderdouk,  1854  ;  The  Law  of  Suspension  of  the  Clergy  in  the  Primi- 
tive, 1855,  and  Supplement,  1855;  Sketch  of  Bushrod  Wa>hingloH, 
1858;  An  Inquiry  into  the  Formation  of  Washington's  Farewell  Ad- 
dress, 1859;  Privilege  of  the  Writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  under  the  Con- 
stitution, 1862;  Second  Part,  1862;  Third  Part,  1865;  The  Leaders 
of  the  Old  Bar  of  Philadelphia,  1866. 

The  book  is  from  the  press  of  the  J.  B.  Lippincott  Company,  and  is 
beautifully  printed. 

William  Pepper,  :\r.D.,  LL.D.    (1843-1898),    Eleventh  Pfovost 
OF  THE  University  of    Pexnsylv.-otia.     By   Francis   Newton 
Thorpe,   Ph.D.     Philadelphia,   J.  B.   Lippincott  Company,   1903. 
8vo,  over  500  pages.     Illustrated.     S3. 50,  net. 
Dr.  William  Pepper,  its  one  of  the  mosr  widely  known  educators  and 
able  men  of  aflairs  in  this  country  during  the  last  twenty  years,  furnishes 
in  his  life  and  achievements  a  subject  of  more  than  usual  biographical 
interest.     His  character  and  example  were  both  distinctly  stimulating, 
and  this  story  of  his  life  makes  broad  appeal  to  those  instincts  and  am- 
bitions which  are  pre-eminently  the  possession  of  the  best  type  of  suc- 
cessful Americans.     The  biographer,  Professor  Francis  Newton  Thorpe, 
for  many  years  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, enjoyed  the  confidence  and  friendship  of  Dr.  Pepper.      Knowing 
the  relations  which  had  long  existed  between  the  two  men.  Dr.  Pepper's, 
family  placed  his  private  papers  in  Professor  Thorpe's  hands;  the  result 
is  this  fitting  memorial  to  the  distinguished  physician,  educator,  and 
citizen  whose  life  it  records. 

Dr.  Pepper  died  in  California  in  July,  1898.  His  services  and  his 
reputation  as  a  physician  became  world-wide  before  he  was  forty-live 
years  of  age.  As  provost  of  the  LTniversity  of  Pennsylvania  he  trans- 
fnrmed  that  venerable  school  into  an  institution  of  national  reputation 
and  influence.  He  entered  the  college  as  a  freshman  in  1858,  and  con- 
tinued in  the  University  as  student,  professor  in  medicine,  and  provost 
just  furty  years.  In  education,  in  civic  affairs,  in  arch;eology.  in  the  com- 
mercial museums,  in  University  Extension,  in  the  Free  Public  Library, 
he  inaugurated  and  directed  vast  interests,  the  value  of  which  to  the 
public  increases  with  the  years. 

But.  after  all,  it  is  the  heroism,  the  personal  character,  which  interc-sts 
lis  most  deei)ly.  Few  men  have  possessed  the  graces  and  charm  of 
nianner  which  distinguished  Dr.  Pepper.  Deeply  busied  as  he  was 
>^_ith  a  multiplicity  of  interests,  avast  private  practice,  the  inaugura- 
tion and  direction  of  many  public  works,  nothing  that  he  touched  or 


riiurch,   IS'A  ;  Ad 
Ci.ntriluUionslnp    t 


Kotc^  ivtd  Queries.  127 

Idre?3  at  tlie  Centennial  ;>reeting  of  the  Philadolphia 
for  Insurance   of  Houses   from   Loss  by   Fire.   1  ^TfJ  ; 


marks  of  jj^ii  >-'i  ^  ial.»>^.^.^.^...  ^ .^>....-  „-   --- ~  .   --- 

S  rL^eant,  1853  ;  Opinion  of  Horace  Binuey  upon  tlie  Jurisdiciion  of 
ihe'^Coroner,  ]S53;  Reply  to  Bishop  Meade's  Second  Pampule:  and  to 
l;i>hop  Hopkins's  Letter"on  the  Case  of  Bishop  Onderdonk,  1  S'4  ;  A 
Ilvview  of  Bishop  Meade"s  Counter-^^tatenient   of  the  Case  of  B-:^Ilop 


ptituiion,  ^_. —  ,    . , 

of  the  Old  Bar  of  Philadelphia,  186G. 

The  book  is  from  the  press  of  the  J.  B.  Lippiucott  Company,  aiid  is 
beautifully  printed. 

William  Pepper,  :\r.D.,  LL.D.   (1S43-189S),   Eleventh  Peovost 
OF  THE  Univeksity  OF    Pexxsylvaxia.     By   Francis  Xewton 
Thorpe,  Ph.D.     Philadelphia,  J.  B.   Lippincott  Company,  1903. 
8vo,  over  500  pages.     Illustrated.     $3.50,  net. 
Dr.  William  Pepper,  as  one  of  the  most  widely  known  educators  and 
able  men  of  affairs  in  this  country  during  the  last  twenty  years,  furnishes 
in  his  life  and  achievements  a  subject  of  more  than  usual  biographical 
int^.-rest.     His  character  and  example  were  both  distinctly  stimulating, 
j;nd  this  story  of  his  life  makes  broad  appeal  to  those  instincts  and  am- 
bitions which  are  pre-eminently  the  possession  of  the  best  type  of  suc- 
o.^sful  Americans.     The  biographer,  Professor  Francis  Newton  Thorpe, 
f'tr  many  years  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, enjoyed  the  confidence  and  friend'ship  of  Dr.  Pepper.      Knowing 
the  relations  which  had  long  existed  between  the  two  men,  Dr.  Pepper's 
finiily  placed  his  private  papers  in  Professor  Thorpe's  hands;  the  result 
i-  this  fitting  memorial  to  the  distinguished  physician,   educator,  and 
citizen  whose  life  it  records. 

Dr.  Pepper  died  in  California  in  July,  1898.  His  services  and  his 
toputatibn  as  a  physician  became  world-wide  before  he  was  fony-five 
y^.ir.-<  of  age.  As  provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  he  trans- 
f 'raied  that  venerable  school  into  an  institution  of  national  repuianou 
Mid  influence.  He  entered  the  college  as  a  freshman  in  1858,  and  con- 
t!t:ued  ill  the  University  as  student,  professor  in  medicine,  and  provost 
J!i!.t  forty  years.  In  education,  in  civic  affiiirs,  in  archreology,  in  the  com- 
i!j<-rv  i.il  museums,  in  University  Extension,  in  the  Free  Public  Library, 
b*?  iriauL'urated  and  directed  vast  interests,  the  value  of  which  to  the 
loiblic  increases  with  the  years. 

I'-nt.  utter  all,  it  is  the  heroism,  the  personal  character,  which  interests 
u^  jMO't  deeply.  Few  men  have  possessed  the  graces  and  charm  of 
r''.»nntr  which  distinguished  Dr.  Pepper.  Deeply  busied  as  he  was 
I'^i'.h  a  multiplicity  of  interests,  avast  private  practice,  the  inaugura- 
li  jn  and  direction  of  many  public  works,  nothing  that  he  touched  or 


128 


Notes  and  Queries. 


treated  or  gave  now  hte  to  can  be  .o  interesting  as  the  man  himself 
His  life  reveals  Dr.  Topper  the  n-.an.  It  portrays  him  in  hi  habit  l 
he  was  in  the  cty  of  his  birth  and  of  his  work.  "  '  ^'^ 

^   ^iTT\?^   Bkthlehem,  Pkxnsylvaxia,    1741-1S92.     By  Rt 
Comjiny  """     '''""°-      ^''^^'^'''-'  1^^'<^3.     Times  Publishh.g 

Asesquiceiitonnial  edition  of  the  historv  of  this  old  Aloravian  fnu-n 
basjust  been  issued,  containing  825  pa-e4"of  letter  nil? 
of  letters  and  docun.ents   of  Coloni^ina\£^^^J'r^fT^ 
ntimerous  hall-tone  illustrations  of  rare,  quaint,  and  i.rrlsti^g  views 

A  New  Discovery  of  a  Vast  Country  iv  Amppjck      p,.  ir  fi 

Louis  Ilennepin.      With  Introductio;'    Xott^  nnd  t  A  n^^vt'l 

Index  by  Reuben  Gold  Thwaites.     2  Vols.,  sV^      Chk-'o    \    C 

McClurg  &  Coinpany.     Illustrations  and  M^ps.     $6.00    n=et' 

in.  h     t;;'?"''  '^Ct^;^^"-  Hennepin,  the  Recollect  mi^sionar  rdescrib- 

Wn  H  ?      ?  ^-''''^'  ^^''''''''^  ''''^'  *"■«  centuries  a^o    haN^  alwavs 

ov  1  iaV.n' -n'  ''  controversy,  largely  through  his  cl"aim  of  pr  ori n- 

?s  now  we     :'  HnrS;lT?r  '^  "?•'  -Y^^^'^^^P^^  ^^  ^^  -outh,  whereas  i^ 

&^^\!s  tsv^       t»i;:^r;^^S 


rz^'^^^-^:s.'m 


^^V    |v? 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA    MAGAZINE 

OP 

HISTORY   AND   BIOGRAPHY. 

Vol.  XXVIII.  1904.  No.  2. 


SKETCH  OF  JOHN  INSKEEP,  MAYOE,  AND  PRESI- 
DENT OF  THE  INSUEANCE  COMPANY  OF  NORTH 
AMERICA,  PHILADELPHIA. 

BY   HENRY   EDWARD    WALLACE,   JR. 

John  Inskeep,  the  second  son  of  Abraham  and  Sarah 
(Ward)  Inskeep,  was  born  January  29,  1757,  on  the  original 
family  homestead  near  Marlton,  New  Jersey.  He  was 
descended  from  the  Inskeeps  of  Staffordshire,  England. 
His  grandfather,  John  Inskeep,  emigrated  to  America  in 
the  Bpring  of  1708,  with  his  wife  Mary,  his  sons  John, 
James,  and  Joseph,  his  daughter  Mary,  and  his  sister  Ann. 
Abraham,  a  fourth  son,  and  the  father  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  The  pioneer  of  the 
family  was  a  man  of  means  and  education,  and  in  1713  was 
commissioned  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  a  judge  in  1724, 
which  latter  office  he  held  until  1729,  the  year  of  hia  death.' 

Abraham  Inskeep,  the  youngest  son"  of  Judge  John 
Inskeep,  inherited  from  his  father,  and  by  the  subsequent 
death  of  his  brother  Joseph,^  the  original  homestead,  where 
he  carried  on  his  business  of  blacksmith  and  wheelwright, 

^  Court  Kecords,  Woodbury,  N.  J. 
»  New  Jersey  WUls,  Lib.  8,  362. 
VOL.  xivni.— 9  (129) 


180  Sketch  of  John  Tnskeep. 

and  died  in  1780,  lea\'ing  for  distribution  au  estate  of 
£15,999.05  X.  J.  cy.^  The  family  were  attached  to  the 
Church  of  England,  and  assisted  in  the  establishment  of 
the  churches  of  that  faith  in  old  Gloucester  County. 

The  education  of  John  Inskeep  was  probably  received  at 
the  school  of  John  Campbell,  who  was  established  in  his 
scholastic  labors  at  ^larlton.  Whether  or  not  John  Inskeep 
was  taught  a  trade,  research  has  failed  to  reveal,  but  he 
doubtless  spent  many  of  his  boyhood  hours  in  the  shop  of 
his  father,  where  his  eldest  brother  Abraham,  later  a  judge 
for  Gloucester  County,  served  his  apprenticeship. 

As  John  Inskeep  approached  manhood  the  pro-Revolu- 
tionary discussion  increased  with  his  increasing  years  and 
burst  into  active  hostilities  before  he  reached  his  twenty- 
first.  Filled  with  patriotic  ardor,  he  decided  to  take  an 
active  part  in  the  struggle,  and  such  was  his  father's  position 
and  influence  in  the  community  that,  when  in  his  nineteenth 
year,  he  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant'  in  the  Second  Bat- 
talion of  Gloucester  County  militia,  under  Captain  Joseph 
Matlack.  This  command  was  authorized  by  Act  of  Pro- 
vincial Congress,  in  the  summer  of  1776,  for  the  protection 
of  Burlington  and  Gloucester  Counties.  He  served  five 
months  and  twelve  days.  He  enlisted  again  in  December 
of  the  same  year,  and  for  two  months  and  eight  days  served 
as  a  private  in  Colonel  Benjamin  Randolph's  command. 
At  the  expiration  of  this  term  of  ser^nce  he  again  enlisted 
and  served  as  quartermaster  of  Colonel  Hillman's  command 
for  six  months  and  two  days.  Three  other  terms  of  service 
followed  (October  and  December,  1777,  and  April,  1778), 
being  almost  nine  months,  during  which  period  he  served 
as  commissary,  and  his  final  enlistment  was  in  January, 
1780,  when  he  again  served  as  commissary  for  nearly  four 
months.  He  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Princeton  and  other 
engagements,  but  his  principal  service  was  in  those  depart- 
ments which  required  the  executive  ability  he  was  so  well 

'  New  Jersey  Wills,  Lib.  21,  293. 

'  Stryker  also  gives  him  the  rank  of  captain  of  this  company. 


Sketch  of  John  Ins  keep.  131 

endowed  with,  and  which  he  showed  to  such  a  marked 
degree  in  his  subsequent  business  and  political  career  in 
Pliiladelphia.^ 

It  was  during  his  services  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle 
that  he  was  married,  at  Gloucester,  New  Jersey,  to  Sarah 
Ilulings,  but  at  what  period  he  removed  to  Philadelphia  is 
not  known,  nor  is  his  first  venture  in  business ;  it  was, 
however,  after  his  father's  estate  was  settled  in  ^lav,  1780, 
and  his  last  service  in  the  army  had  exjured.  In  1785  he 
became  proprietor  of  the  George  Tavern,  at  the  southwest 
corner  of  Second  and  Mulberry  (Arch)  Streets,  the  starting- 
point  of  the  New  York  stage,  which  "  sets  oft"  precisely  at 
half-past  8  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  on  Saturday  at 
G  o'clock,  and  arrives  at  New  York  the  succeeding  day  by 
1  o'clock." 

In  1794  he  re-entered  the  mercantile  business  as  a  china 
and  glassware  merchant  at  No.  31  South  Second  Street,  and 
in  1799  began  his  public  career  as  an  alderman  in  place  of 
John  Barclay,-  and,  by  virtue  of  this  ofiice,  was  a  member 
of  the  Mayor's  Court,  established  by  the  Constitution  of 
1789  and  abolished  by  Act  of  Assembly  of  March  19, 1838. 

On  October  21,  1800,  John  Inskeep  was  elected  mayor 
of  the  city  by  the  Councils,  after  Robert  Wharton,  who  had 
been  re-elected,  declined  to  accept  the  office.  During  his 
incumbency  of  this  office  the  city  made  great  strides  in 
progress  and  improvements,  and  almost  the  first  official  act 
of  the  new  mayor  was  the  laying  of  the  foundation-stone, 
on  October  23,  of  the  first  bridge  across  the  Schuylkill,  at 
Market  Street,  which  was  being  built  by  the  Permanent 
Bridge  and  Ferry  Company,  incorporated  April  27,  1798. 
In  November  of  the  same  year  was  put  into  operation  the 
new  method  of  computation  in  dollars  and  cents,  instead  of, 
?"■=  hitherto,  in  pounds,  shillings,  and  pence.  Another  move- 
ment for  the  advancement  of  the  mercantile  interests  of  the 
city  was  the  organization  in  January,  1801,  of  the  Chamber 
«"'f  Commerce,  with  Thomas  Fitzsimons,  president;  John 
'  Pension  Records.  '  Martin's  Bench  and  Bar. 


132  Sfceieh  of  John  Inskeep. 

Craig  and  Philip  Mecklin,  vice-presitlents;  and  Robert 
Smith,  secretary.  The  early  meetings  of  the  organization, 
of  which  the  major  was  a  member,  were  lield  at  the  City 
Tavern. 

In  January  also  the  Centre  Square  engine  for  the  newly 
perfected  water  supply  was  put  in  motion,  the  mayor  and 
members  of  the  two  Councils  attending  the  ceremonies. 
By  the  close  of  the  year  the  new  works  supplied  sixty-three 
houses,  four  breweries,  one  sugar  refinery,  and  thirty-seven 
hydrants. 

Other  permanent  and  public  benefactions  were  the  incor- 
poration'of  the  Philadelphia,  Germantown,  and  Perkiomen 
Turnpike  Company;  the  first  public  baths,  owned  by  M. 
Simon,  on  Third  Street,  above  Arch;  the  beginning  of  the 
Na^^'-Yard  in  Southwark;  the  occupation  of  its  new  build- 
ing by  the  Bank  of  Pennsylvania ;  the  incorporation  of  the 
Philadelphia  Society  for  the  Free  Instruction  of  Indigent 
Boys,  made  possible  by  a  bequest  of  §8000  under  the  ^vill 
of  Christopher  Lud^\-ig ;  and  the  organization  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Premium  Society,  instituted  for  the  purpose  of 
fostering  American  industry  by  giving  premiums  for  im- 
provements in  arts  and  manufactures. 

In  the  political  world,  the  election  of  Jefi:erson,  and  his 
inauguration,  were  celebrated  with  parades,  public  dinners, 
and  ox-roasts.  The  making  of  local  nominations  by  ward 
committees  in  conference  or  convention  may  be  noted.  One 
party  adopted  this  plan  in  June,  and  the  Federal  Repub- 
licans at  a  meeting  held  at  Dunwoody's  Tavern,  October  6, 
of  which  John  Inskeep  was  chairman  and  Charles  Chauncey 
secretary.  A  new  election  district — Schuylkill — was  erected 
from  Blockley  and  Kingsessing,  and  the  city  and  county  of 
Philadelphia  and  county  of  Delaware  made  one  district,  to 
choose  four  State  Senators,  Philadelphia  sending  five  and 
the  county  six  Representatives  to  the  Assembly. 

During  John  Inskeep's  first  term  as  mayor  he  was  elected 
one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Mutual  Assurance  Company  for 
the  Insurance  of  Houses  from  Loss  by  Fire,  and  this  marks 


Sketch  of  John  Inskccp.  1 33 

the  beginning  of  his  couneotion  in  tbnt  line  of  business 
with  liis  mercantile  pursuits.  His  first  term  as  mayor 
expired  October  20,  1801,  when  he  resumed  the  active 
management  of  his  business. 

The  follo^ving  year,  1802,  he  was  elected  a  director  of  the 
Insurance  Company  of  iSTorth  Am.erica,  and  re-elected  a 
trustee  of  the  Mutual  Assurance  Company;  both  positions 
lie  retained  until  his  death.  At  the  same  time  he  continued 
his  business  as  a  china  and  glassware  merchant,  vrhieh  he 
did  not  altogether  relinquish  until  the  year  after  his  second 
term  as  mayor. 

His  withdrawal  from  public  life  was  of  short  duration, 
for  on  May  21,  1802,  he  was  commissioned  one  of  the  As- 
Bociate  Judges  of  the  Common  Pleas.  The  duties  of  this 
ofRce  he  performed  until  his  resignation,  March  1,  1805. 
The  most  interesting  of  his  official  acts  in  his  judicial 
capacity  was  the  issuance  of  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus  at  the 
instance  of  Isaac  T.  Hopper,  in  behalf  of  the  Abolition 
Society,  for  a  slave  named  "  Ben,"  the  property  of  the  elder 
Pierce  Butler,  a  Senator  from  South  Carolina,  wdio  was 
then  living  in  Philadelphia.  "When  the  case  came  before 
Judge  Inskeep,  Mr.  Butler  said  that  the  man  who  served 
the  writ  must  be  either  deaf  or  crazy.  "  Ah,"  said  the 
Court,  with  a  smile,  "  you  don't  know  Mr.  Hopper  as  well 
as  we  do."  The  decision  was  against  Butler,  who  fought 
the  case  for  more  than  two  years  afterwards,  only  to  have 
the  opinion  of  the  lower  court  affirmed. 

On  Tuesday,  October  15,  1805,  John  Inskeep  was  again 
elected  mayor  by  the  Councils,  polhng  23  votes  to  2  for 
Matthew  Lawler,  his  opponent.  When  he  entered  on  the 
duties  of  his  office  Southwark  was  just  mastering  another 
epidemic  of  yellow  fever,  which  had  begun  the  previous 
July,  and  the  mayor's  office  was  removed  to  the  former 
Rldermen's  room  in  the  City  Hall.  In  December  an  ordi- 
nance was  passed  increasing  the  mayor's  salary  from  $1000 
to  $2000  per  annum,  to  commence  from  the  beginning  of 
hie  term. 


134  Sketch  of  John  Inskeep. 

National  politics  was  in  a  quiescent  state,  but  patriotic 
feeling  was  greatly  aroused  over  the  successful  outcome  of 
the  Tripolitan  war;  public  dinners  to  General  Eaton,  Cap- 
tain Stc})hen  Decatur,  and  other  officers  were  the  order  of 
the  day. 

Local  partisan  politics  was  the  cause  of  a  ''  tempest  in  a 
teapot"  over  the  renting  of  two  of  the  city  wharves.  Some 
of  the  newspapers  accused  the  mayor  of  corrupt  methods 
in  their  lease,  and  he  imally  addressed  a  letter  to  Councils 
setting  forth  the  charges  and  his  answer,  backed  by  atlidavits 
of  those  present  at  all  the  transactions. 

A  practical  reorganization  of  the  Fire  Department  was 
eflected  both  in  apportioning  sites  for  the  homes  for  the 
companies  and  in  the  system  of  alarms,  brought  about  by  a 
continuous  agitation  on  the  part  of  the  citizens.  This, 
however,  did  not  prevent  one  of  the  most  destructive  fires 
the  city  had  experienced,  which  occurred  on  Friday,  May  9, 
the  fire  starting  in  a  wooden  building  back  of  Dock  Street, 
near  the  Banks  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania, 
and  destroying  twenty-two  houses  and  damaging  ten  others. 
A  number  of  people  were  killed  and  forty-two  families 
rendered  destitute.  A  to^vn  meeting,  over  which  John 
Inskeep  presided,  appointed  committees  to  solicit  subscrip- 
tions for  tlie  relief  of  the  suflerers,  and  over  §3000  were 
distributed  to  them. 

Among  the  prominent  citizens  who  died  were  Robert 
Morris,  Chief  Justice  Edward  Shippen,  and  Charles  Pettit. 
The  latter  was  president  of  the  Insurance  Company  of 
North  America,  and  John  Liskeep  was  elected  by  the  Board 
of  Directors  to  fill  the  vacancy.  His  second  term  as  mayor 
expired  October  21,  1806,  and  with  it  his  political  hfe  as  an 
office-holder. 

His  entire  time  was  now  given  to  the  affiiirs  of  the  insur- 
ance company,  and  his  conduct  of  its  business  was  so  suc- 
cessful that  in  July,  1824,  the  Board  of  Directors  voted  him 
a  set  of  silver  plate  valued  at  ?500,  as  an  acknowledgment 
of  his  services  in  procuring  the  reimbursement  of  the  claims 


Sketch  of  John  Inskcep.  135 

under  tlie  Spfiiiish  treaty,  which  netted  to  the  stockliolders 
a  dividend  of  sixty  per  cent. 

In  1831  failing  health  caused  him  to  withdraw  from  husi- 
ness,  and  lie  also  resigned  the  presidency  of  the  insurance 
company,  the  directors  at  the  time  voting  him  an  annuity 
"  until  other^^^se  ordered,"  which  was  terminated  by  In's 
death  on  Thursday,  December  18,  1834. 

Ilis  funeral  services  were  lield  from  the  house  of  his  son- 
in-law,  Samuel  Brooks,  and  his  body  was  interred  in  Christ 
Church  burying-ground  at  Fifth  and  Arch  Strcetts,  of  which 
church  he  had  long  been  an  active  member, 

Li  his  will,  dated  December  IG,  1833,  he  directs  that  his 
plate  be  divided  equally  between  his  four  surviving  children, 
Abraham  II.,  Abigail  Bradford,  Eliza  Brooks,  and  Ann 
Inskeep ;  that  his  widow,  Sarah,  is  to  receive  the  income  of 
his  estate  for  life,  and  then  to  be  divided  among  his  four 
children,  with  a  married  woman's  trust  for  Abigail,  and  her 
share  after  her  death  to  her  two  daughters  Caroline  and 
Mary.  His  son-in-law  Samuel  Brooks  and  grandson  Charles 
S.  Bradford  were  appointed  executors. 

His  only  other  child — John — had  died  in  New  Orleans 
in  1820.  In  1812  he  had  purchased  a  partnership  in  the 
book-publishing  business  of  Samuel  F.  Bradford,  his  son-in- 
law,  for  this  son,  which  was  continued  until  1816.  They 
kept  a  large  bookselling  establishment  on  the  west  side  of 
Tliird  Street,  below  Market,  and  among  the  works  they 
published  were  Rees's  "  Cyclopfedia"  and  Porter's  "  Cruise 
of  the  Essex."  John,  Jr.,  afterwards  entered  the  ministry, 
and  died  from  the  prevailing  (at  that  time)  malignant  fever 
at  Xew  Orleans. 


136      Ihomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Wilhon  Peak,  1796-1825. 


LETTEES  OF  THOMAS  JEFFEESON  TO  CHAELES 
AVILLSOX  PEALE,  1796-1825. 

BY    HORACE    W.    SELLERS. 

MoxTiCELLO,  June  5th,  1796. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  have  received  a  proposition  from  Europe  which  may 
perhaps  be  turned  to  account  for  the  enlargement  of  your 
Museum.  The  hereditary  prince  of  Parma,  a  young  man 
of  letters,  is  22  years  of  age,  lately  married  to  a  daughter  of 
the  K.  of  Spain,  is  desirous  of  augmenting  his  cabinet  of 
natural  history  by  an  addition  of  all  the  American  subjects 
of  the  3  departments  of  nature,  and  will  give  those  of 
Europe  which  can  be  procured  or  of  which  he  has  duplicates 
in  exchange — perhaps  it  would  suit  you  to  enter  into  this 
kind  of  commerce — if  so,  be  so  good  as  to  inform  me  by 
letter  how  far  you  would  choose  to  enter  into  the  exchange  : 
I  defer  writing  my  ans\ver  to  him  until  I  hear  from  you — 
the  intervention  of  the  Spanish  minister  at  Philadelphia 
would  sometimes  perhaps  be  used  ;  sometimes  perhaps  my 
own;  and  shipments  could  be  made  to  and  from  Genoa  & 
Leghorn.     I  am  with  great  esteem,  Dear  Sir, 

Your  friend  &  servant, 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

Wa8HI>'GT0>',  February  21st,  1801. 

Dear  Sir  : — 

I  have  to  thank  you  for  a  copy  of  your  introductory  lecture 
received  some  time  since,  &  not  before  acknowledged  for 
want  of  time.  I  have  read  it  with  great  pleasure,  and 
lament  that  while  I  have  been  so  near  to  your  valuable  col- 
lection, occupations  much  less  pleasing  to  me  have  always 
put  it  out  of  my  power  to  avail  myself  of  it.    May  I  ask  the 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Peak,  1796-1835.     137 

favor  of  you  to  present  my  request  to  your  son  that  he  would 
be  so  good  as  to  make  a  copy  of  the  portrait  he  took  of  me, 
and  of  same  size  ?  It  is  intended  for  a  friend  who  has  ex- 
pressed a  wish  for  it ;  and  when  ready  I  will  give  directions 
to  whom  it  shall  be  delivered  if  he  will  be  so  good  as  to 
drop  me  a  line  mentioning  it  and  the  price,  I  am  with 
great  and  aftectionate  esteem,  Dear  Sir 

Your  friend  &  servant, 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

P.S.     Only  the  inner  frame  \\\\\  be  necessary. 

C.  W.  Peale. 

Washington,  July  29th,  1801. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  favors  of  June 
29th  and  July  25th  to  congratulate  you  on  the  prospect  you 
have  of  obtaining  a  complete  skeleton  of  the  great  incog- 
uitum,  and  the  world  on  there  being  a  person  at  the  critical 
moment  of  the  discovery  who  has  zeal  enough  to  devote 
liimself  to  the  recovery  of  these  great  animal  monuments. 
Mr.  Smith,  the  Secretary  of  the  Xavy  will  give  orders  im- 
mediately on  the  Xavy  agent  at  New  York  to  lend  you  a 
pump.  The  same  gentleman  acting  in  the  war-ofhce  instead 
of  General  Dearbourne  who  is  absent,  will  give  an  order  to 
General  Irvine  at  Philadelphia  to  lend  you  a  couple  of 
tents.  It  has  been  a  great  mortification  to  me  to  find  myself 
in  such  a  state  as  to  be  unable  to  come  forward  and  assist 
you  in  resources  for  this  enterprise ;  but  the  outfit  of  my 
office  has  been  so  amazingly  heavy  as  to  place  me  under 
greater  pecuniary  restraints  for  a  while  than  I  ever  experi- 
enced. I  trust  they  will  not  continue  so  long  but  that  I  shall 
be  able  to  throw  in  my  contribution  before  you  will  cease 
to  want  it.  I  set  out  tomorrow  morning  for  Monticello  to 
pa=a  there  the  months  of  August  and  September.  Whenever 
jour  skeleton  is  mounted,  I  will  certainly  pay  it  a  visit. 
Accej)t  assurances  of  my  great  esteem  and  attachment. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
C.  W.  Peale. 


138      Thomas  Jc/fersov  to  Charles  Willson  Peaky  1796-1825. 

Washington,  January  16th,  1802. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  received  last  night  your  favor  of  the  12th  instant.  No 
person  on  earth  can  entertain  a  liigher  idea  than  I  do  of  the 
value  of  your  cullection  nor  give  you  more  credit  for  the 
unwearied  jicrseverance  and  skill  with  which  you  have 
prosecuted  it,  and  I  very  much  wish  it  could  be  made  public 
property,  but  as  to  the  question  whether  I  think  that  the  U. 
S.  would  encourage  or  provide  for  the  establishment  of  your 
Museum  here  ?  I  must  not  suffer  my  partiality  to  it  to  ex- 
cite false  expectations  in  you,  which  might  eventually  be 
disappointed.  You  know  that  one  of  the  great  questions 
which  has  decided  political  opinion  in  this  country  is  whether 
Congress  is  authorized  by  the  constitution  to  apply  the  public 
money  to  any  but  the  purpose's  specially  enumerated  in  the 
constitution?  those  who  hold  them  to  the  enumeration, 
have  always  denied  that  Congress  has  any  power  to  establish 
a  National  Academy.  Some  who  are  of  this  opinion,  still 
wish  Congress  had  power  to  favor  science,  and  that  an 
amendment  should  be  proposed  to  the  constitution,  giving 
them  such  power  specifically,  if  there  were  an  union  of 
opinion  that  Congress  already  possessed  the  right,  I  am 
persuaded  the  purchase  of  your  Museum  would  be  the  first 
object  on  which  it  would  be  exercised,  but  I  believe  the 
opinion  of  a  want  of  power  to  be  that  of  the  majority  of  the 
legislature. 

I  have  for  a  considerable  time  been  meditating  a  plan  of 
a  general  university  for  the  state  of  Virginia,  on  the  most 
extensive  and  liberal  scale  that  our  circumstances  would  call 
for  and  our  faculties  meet — were  this  established,  I  should 
have  made  your  Museum  an  object  of  the  establishment,  but 
the  moment  is  not  arrived  for  proposing  this  with  a  hope  of 
success.  I  imagine  therefore  the  legislature  of  your  own 
state  furnishes  at  present  the  best  prospect.  I  am  much 
pleased  at  the  success  which  has  attended  your  labors  on 
the  Mammoth.  I  understand  you  have  not  the  frontal 
bone,  if  this  be  so,  I  have  heard  of  one  in  the  western 


lliomas  Jejjh'sou  to  Charles  WilLson  Peak,  1796-1S25.     139 

cotiutry  which  I  coukl  and  would  get  for  you,  on  this  I 
need  your  information.  I  shall  certainly  pay  your  labors  a 
visit,  but  when,  heaven  knows.  Accept  my  friendly  saluta- 
tion and  respect. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

CUAKLES    W.    PeALE. 

Washington,  May  5th,  1S02. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  am  this  moment  setting  out  on  a  short  visit  to  Monti- 
cello,  but  a  thought  coming  into  my  head  which  may  be 
useful  to  your  son  who  is  carrying  the  Mammoth  to  Europe, 
I  take  time  to  hint  it  to  you.  My  knowledge  of  the  scene 
he  ^^^ll  be  on  enables  me  to  suggest  what  might  not  occur 
to  him  a  stranger.  When  in  a  great  City  he  will  find  persons 
of  every  degree  of  wealth,  to  jumble  all  these  into  a  room  to- 
gether I  know  from  experience  is  very  painful  to  the  decent 
part  of  them,  who  would  be  glad  to  see  a  thing  often,  k 
would  not  regard  paying  every  time  but  that  they  revolt  at 
being  mixed  with  pickpockets,  chimney  sweeps  etc.  Set 
three  dift'erent  divisions  of  the  day  therefore  at  three  ditfer- 
ent  prices,  selecting  for  the  highest  when  the  beau  monde 
can  most  conveniently  attend  ;  the  2nd  price  when  merchants 
and  respectable  citizens  have  most  leisure,  and  the  residue 
for  the  lower  description.  A  few  attending  at  the  highest 
price  "will  countervail  many  of  the  lowest  and  be  more  agree- 
able to  themselves  and  to  him.  I  hope  and  believe  you  will 
make  a  fortune  by  the  exhibition  of  that  one,  and  that  when 
tired  of  shewing  it  you  w\\\  sell  it  there  for  another  fortune. 
Ko  body  wishes  it  more  sincerely  than  I  do.  Accept  my 
assurances  of  this  and  my  great  esteem. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
C.  W.  Peale,  Esq. 
-  ,  Washington,  Nov.  3rd,  1802. 

I>r.AR  Sir: — 

Immediately  on  the  receipt  of  your  favor  of  Oct.  28th, 
I  wrote  to  a  friend  of  mine,  Mr.  Michael  Bowyer,  who  owns 
and  resides  at  the  Sweet  Springs,  on  the  subject  of  the  bones 
vou  mention  as  lately  found  in  a  cave  of  Greenbriar  county, 


140      Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Peak,  1796-1825. 

and  wliich  are  probably  of  the  Megalonyx.  I  observed  to 
him  that  I  had  learned  that  the  fmder  was  preparing  to  scud 
tlieni  to  you ;  tliat  if  that  was  done,  it  was  all  that  was 
desired,  but  if  not  done  I  begged  he  would  procure  &  pack 
them  securely  in  a  box,  and  forward  them  by  water,  to  wit, 
down  James  River  to  ^Messrs.  Gibson  &  Jefferson  merchants 
at  Richmond,  whom  I  would  instruct  to  pay  all  expenses 
and  forward  the  box  on  to  you  in  Philadelphia.  This  I  am 
in  hopes  will  secure  them  to  you,  and  I  am  happy  in  every 
occasion  wherein  I  can  render  you  a  service.  The  newly 
found  half  head  of  the  Mammoth  being  under  the  view  of 
Doctor  Samuel  Brown,  cannot  be  placed  in  a  better  channel. 

I  am  happy  to  hear  of  your  son's  safe  arrival  in  London ; 
the  first  moments  are  always  the  most  difficult,  but  I  have 
no  doubt  the  first  information  you  shall  receive  after  the 
exhibition  shall  be  opened,  will  be  as  favorable  as  you  can 
expect.  In  the  meantime  let  us  omit  no  opportunity  of 
completing  the  skeleton  you  possess.  Perhaps  it  would  not 
be  amiss  to  pubhsh  a  list  of  the  bones  you  already  have, 
and  of  those  wanting  as  far  as  may  be  presumed  of  an 
animal  whose  structure  we  do  not  yet  actually  and  fully 
know. 

Accept  assurances  of  my  great  esteem  and  best  wishes, 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

Mr.  C.  W.  Peale. 

Washington,  Jan.  7th. 
Dear  Sir: — 

Your  favor  of  December  23rd  was  duly  received,  and  I 
am  in  hopes  the  Polygraph  got  safe  to  hand  &  that  you 
found  it  in  good  condition  except  so  much  as  concerned  the 
writing  of  the  upper  part  of  the  page.  "  I  believe  I  men- 
tioned to  you  in  a  former  letter  that  if  the  one  of  yours 
with  w^hich  I  am  now  WTiting  was  not  for  your  own  use,  I 
should  be  contented  to  retain  it  instead  of  mine,  paying 
whatever  it  will  cost  to  put  mine  into  as  perfectly  good 
condition  but  this  is  as  you  please.     I  send  a  draught  for 


Thomas  Jefersoji  to  Charles  Willson  Peak,  1796-1S25.     141 

the  fnnd  of  my  grandson.  I  mentioned  to  you  formerly 
that  I  bad  left  to  bis  fatber  to  furnisb  bis  clotbing  &  pocket 
money;  tbis  was  merely  because  were  be  disposed  to  go 
too  far  in  tbese,  I  bad  ratber  tbe  restraint  sbould  move 
from  bis  fatber  tbau  myself,  but  tbe  moderation  be  has 
proved,  and  tbe  disposition  to  devote  himself  to  bis  stud- 
ies ratber  than  to  frequent  dissipated  or  expensive  company, 
renders  all  distinction  of  funds  in  future  unnecessary,  & 
particularly  that  those  I  furnish  ^\'ill  be  open  to  all  bis 
wants.     I  salute  with  friendship  and  respect. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
C.  W.  Peale. 

Washington,  February  27tli,  1804. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

Mr.  Latrobe  promised  a  few  days  ago  to  write  to  you  to 
have  me  furnished  with  a  polygraph  of  two  pens,  and  that 
his  experience  would  enable  him  to  give  some  directions 
about  it  which  would  be  useful.  He  was  to  desire  particu- 
larly that  there  should  be  a  drawer  in  each  end,  without  any 
partitions  in  the  drawers,  because  I  would  have  them  made 
here  to  suit  my  own  convenience.  I  should  also  prefer  the 
fountain  ink-pots  by  which  I  mean  those  made  thus  [design] 
their  best  size  is  of  about  If  in.  diameter  or  square. 

Mr.  Latrobe  informs  me  you  have  one  of  Brunelle's  poly- 
graphs procured  by  your  son  Rembrandt  while  in  London. 
I  am  afraid  I  shall  be  thought  unreasonable  in  asking  your 
permission  to  see  it  here,  and  yet  I  am  persuaded  that  if 
packed  in  an  external  box  and  directed  to  me  it  would  come 
by  tbe  stage  in  perfect  safety,  &  especially  if  under  the  care 
of  some  person  who  should  be  coming  here.  Trial  alone 
can  enable  one  to  estimate  new  and  curious  inventions. 
Perhaps  you  can  also  inform  me  what  such  an  one  costs  in 
Ix)ndon  sbould  I  like  it  well  enough  to  send  for  one,  and  to 
whom  I  should  address  myself  there.  If  you  can  venture 
yours  here,  it  shall  be  returned  at  any  date  you  fix  and 
under  my  guarantee  as  to  loss  or  injury  coming  &  going. 


142      Thomas  Jetferson  to  Charles  Willson  Peak,  1796-1825. 

Accept  my  friendly  salutations  and  assurances  of  great  e,-- 

teera. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

Wasuixgtox,  Mar.  1,  1804. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  received  last  night  your  favor  of  the  26th  and  thank  you 

for  the  pen  accompanying  it,  which  seems  to  perform  well. 

I  had  written  to  you  on  the  27th  ult.  on  the  subject  of  the 

Polygraph.     The  reduction  of  the  size  which  you  propose 

for  a  future  trial  would  certainly  be  a  great  improvement, 

its  present  great  bulk  being  disagreeable.     I  observe  too 

that  after  one  has  adjusted  the  pens  by  the  gage,  one  of  them 

wall  require  to  be  a  little  moved  by  trial  to  make  them  write 

with  equal  strength,  this  being  to  be  done  by  moving  the  pen 

by  hand  in  its  sheath,  it  is  pushed  or  pulled  too  much  and  is 

deranged.     Were  there  still  an  interior  sheath  for  the  pen 

which  screwed  by  a  few  threads  only  into  the  present  sheath 

which  would  then  be  the  middle  one  a  single  turn  or  half 

turn  would  adjust  it  perfectly, and  the  pen  and  two  screv.ed 

sheaths  be  still  withdrawn  from  the  outer  one  for  mending 

as  easily  as  at  present,  but  you  will  probably  think  of  abetter 

way.     I  sincerely  \\dsh  you  success  in  the  new  institution 

you  now  meditate  as  well  as  in  everything  else  you  undertake. 

By  the  immense  collection  of  treasures  contained  in  your 

Museum  you  have  deserved  well  of  your  country,  and  laid 

a  foundation  for  their  ever  cherishing  your  memory.    Accept 

my  friendly  salutations  and  assurances  of  great  esteem. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
Charles  W.  Peale,  Esq. 

Thomas  Jefferson  presents  his  salutations  to  Mr.  Peale. 
He  received  last  night  his  favor  of  the  5th.  He  will  leave 
this  place  for  Monticello  a  fortnight  hence,  and  will  be  ab- 
sent 5  or  6  weeks,  which  he  mentions  now  because  as  the 
Polygraphs  will  arrive  after  his  departure  his  acknowledg- 
ment of  their  reception  and  his  return  of  Brunelle's  cannot 
be  till  his  return  to  this  place  in  May. 

Washington,  March  9th,  1804. 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Peak,  1796-189.5.     143 

Washikgtox,  March  30th,  1804. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

Tomorrow  I  set  out  for  Monticello,  and  very  fortunately 
I  received  last  uiglit  the  two  polygraphs.  This  morning  I 
tried  them.  I  was  charmed  with  the  ingenuity  and  beauti- 
ful workmanship  of  Brunell's,  and  proportionably  mortified 
on  trial  to  find  I  could  not  produce  a  copy  of  a  single  letter 
distinct,  although  I  perfectly  undei-stood  the  action  of  all 
its  parts,  and  saw  that  there  was  nothing  deranged  in  the 
least  except  perhaps  that  the  pen  frames  did  not  hang  ex- 
actly in  the  same  vertical.  I  gave  it  up  therefore  as  a  beau- 
tiful bagatelle,  and  I  have  repacked  it,  and  with  the  one 
which  Mr.  Latrobe  lent  me  have  desired  Mr.  Barnes,  my 
agent  here,  to  send  them  by  the  first  safe  vessel  to  Phila- 
delphia, papng  their  freight  here.  To  him  also  be  so  good 
as  to  address  a  note  of  the  cost  of  the  one  of  yours  which 
you  iiave  sent  me,  and  he  Anil  immediately  remit  it.  With 
this  one  I  am  now  writing.  I  find  it  considerably  improved 
on  that  of  Mr.  Latrobe ;  but  it  is  exceedingly  stifi:";  I  am 
afraid  to  attempt  to  remedy  this  by  loosening  the  screws  at 
the  joints.  Indeed  I  suspect  the  stifl:ness  proceeds  from  the 
great  strength  of  the  long  spiral  cord.  The  greatest  desider- 
atum in  it  is  the  adjusting  screw,  for  after  setting  the  pens 
by  the  gage,  they  still  want  a  hair's  breadth  adjustment 
which  it  is  difiicult  to  make  by  the  hand.  Brunell's  has 
that  screw.  I  like  your  idea  of  making  them  not  to  shut 
up  as  a  box,  but  to  lie  in  one  piece  on  the  table  and  have 
a  movable  lid  to  cover  it,  the  gallows  being  fijsed.  I  think 
in  this  way  it  might  be  reduced  4  inches  one  way  and  6  or 
8  1.  the  other.  The  great  surface  it  occupies  is  very  objec- 
tionable, as  the  smallness  of  Brunell's  is  one  of  its  beauties. 
Should  any  other  criticisms  on  it  occur  on  further  trial  I 
^iH  communicate  them  according  to  your  desire,  it  being 
easier  to  object  than  solve.  Accept  my  salutations  &  best 
^nehes. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 


144      Tkojnas  Jefferson  to  Charles  WillsoR  Peak,  1796-1825. 

MoNTiCELLO,  April  23rd,  1804. 

Dear  Sir  : — 

Your  Polygraph  gave  me  so  much  satisfaction  that  I 
thought  it  worth  while  to  hestow  some  time  in  contriving 
one  entirely  suited  to  my  own  convenience.  It  was  there- 
fore the  subject  of  my  meditations,  on  the  road,  and  on  my 
arrival  here  I  made  the  drawings  which  I  now  send  you.  I 
have  adopted  your  idea  of  having  it  in  the  form  of  a  desk 
to  sit  on  one's  writing  table,  and  not  that  of  a  box  to  shut 
up.  I  have  reduced  the  size,  by  getting  rid  of  all  useless 
space,  which  was  chiefly  the  margins  on  the  outside  of  the 
machinery;  but  as  I  had  not  yours  present,  it  is  possible 
the  reduction  especially  in  the  north  and  south  dimension, 
may  be  greater  than  can  be  admitted  without  reducing  the 
size  of  the  parallelograms,  on  the  space  they  work  in,  neither 
of  which  would  I  venture  to  do,  lest  it  might  injure  the 
action  of  the  machinery,  for  I  well  know  that  hypothesis  is 
one  thing  and  experience  another.  K  therefore  I  have  not 
given  as  much  field  for  the  parallelograms  to  move  on,  as 
they  have  in  yours,  my  drawings  must  be  altered  in  that 
particular.  As  I  know  the  principal  defect  in  yours  is  the 
liableness  of  the  writing  bed  under  the  brass  frame,  to  warp, 
I  have  here  suggested  a  method  of  guarding  against  that, 
without  resorting  to  slate.  In  this  I  have  very  considerable 
faith;  but  these  triangular  boards,  with  the  necessary 
breadth  of  the  drawer  (from  which  not  an  hair's  breadth 
can  be  spared)  by  pinching  the  two  side  pieces  in  two,  leave 
not,  I  am  afraid,  a  sufficient  bond  between  the  fore  and  the 
aft  part.  The  bottom  board  to  be  sure  offers  a  considerable 
means  of  binding  them  together ;  so  would  the  top  board 
which  forms  the  bed  under  the  parallelograms,  if  clamped 
to  the  triangular  boards  with  thin  plates  of  iron  screwed  on. 
It  would  be  important  in  this  case  that  the  grain  of  the  top 
and  bottom  boards  should  run  north  and  south.  Should 
this  not  be  a  strong  enough  connection,  then  by  letting  the 
triangular  board  opposite  the  separation  of  the  drawers  run 
through  to  the  back  it  might  form  the  spine  and  main 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  ^YiUson  Peak,  1796-lSSo.     145 

strength  of  the  whole  machine,  and  would  only  add  one 
inch  to  the  dimension  from  east  to  west,  making  it  20J  in. 
instead  of  23  in.  Should  I  also  have  made  it  so  short  from 
north  to  south  (to  wit  23  in.)  as  not  to  leave  as  much  room 
for  the  play  of  the  parallelograms  as  yours  have,  so  that  it 
may  be  necessary  to  enlarge  it  in  that  direction,  then,  by 
keeping  the  breadth  and  height  of  the  drawers  to  what  I  have 
drawn  them,  the  side  pieces  \vill  not  be  so  nearly  pinched 
in  two  and  will  be  considerable  strengthners  of  the  junction 
of  the  fore  and  aft  parts.  In  some,  or  all  of  these  ways,  or 
better  which  will  occur  to  yourself  or  your  workman,  this 
difficulty  may  be  perhaps  got  over.  Instead  of  the  cover 
eliding  over  the  machinery  in  a  semicircle  as  you  propose 
which  including  unnecessary  space  would  look  too  bulky,  I 
have  proposed  a  light  cover  to  take  off  and  on,  which  you 
will  see  described.  The  screw  for  adjusting  one  of  the  pens, 
(the  right  hand  one  which  is  most  convenient  for  the  copy- 
ing one)  to  a  hair's  breadth  after  it  has  been  generally  ad- 
justed by  the  gage,  is  indispensable.  It  will  only  require  3 
tubes  one  within,  the  other,  instead  of  the  2  you  use.  The 
outer  one  you  know  is  fixed  to  the  machinery,  and  the  one 
within  that  holds  the  pen  and  lets  it  turn  to  its  proper 
bquare  for  writing,  but  an  inner  one  still  might  be  inserted 
in  this  and  have  a  few  threads  of  a  screw  to  adjust  it  to  a 
hair's  breadth,  the  pen  being  held  in  this  inner  one.  In  this 
c;i8C  by  turning  the  inmost  tube  within  the  middle  one  the 
pen  would  be  raised  or  depressed  by  the  thread  of  the  screw, 
hud  by  turning  the  middle  one  udthin  the  other  one,  it  would 
^>e  placed  square  with  the  line  of  writing.  The  outer  fixed 
tube  would  of  course  have  to  be  enlarged. 

Ab  you  were  so  kind  as  to  say  that  when  you  should 
have  made  one  on  the  improved  plan,  you  would  exchange 
It  for  the  box  one  which  you  sent  me,  I  have  now  to  ask 
tie  fwor  of  you  to  have  one  made  immediately  on  the 
F'lrm  I  have  proposed,  and  forwarded  to  me  at  Washington 
f'V  v.ater.  I  desired  Mr.  Barnes  to  inquire  of  you  the  price 
"t  the  foriner,  and  remit  you  the  money  which  I  hope  he 
VOL.  XXVIII. — 10 


146      Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Peak,  1796-1S25, 

has  done.     Accept  my  friendly  salutations  and  assurances 
of  great  esteem. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

Washington,  May  21st,  1804. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  received  last  night  your  favor  of  the  19th  and  am  sorry 
you  have  paid  so  much  respect  to  my  dimensions  as  to 
puzzle  yourself  with  them,  and  still  more  to  alter  the 
writing  machinery.  They  were  meant  to  be  entirely  sub- 
ject to  your  correction,  and  they  are  still  so.  I  made  the 
drawing  from  memory,  and  have  seen  since  I  returned  here 
and  have  had  a  polygraph  under  mj^eye  that  I  had  not  left 
room  enough  for  the  horizontal  rhombuses  to  move  on. 
"Whether  they  w^ill  perform  their  functions  equally  well  if 
made  only  rhomboidal  you  will  be  able  to  judge,  and  to 
yourself  I  leave  it  entirely.  As  soon  as  the  desk  is  ready  I 
Bhall  be  glad  to  receive  it,  because,  after  trial,  I  shall  wish 
a  second  and  perhaps  a  third  to  be  sent  to  Monticello  in 
time  to  meet  me  there  by  the  latter  end  of  July.  The 
danger  of  dislocating  the  machinery  by  the  jolting  of  the 
stage  will    render  a   conveyance   hither   by   water   safest. 

Accept  my  friendly  salutations. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

P.S.  Would  it  not  be  worth  while  to  endeavor  to  provide 
a  regulator  for  the  degree  of  tension  and  resistance  which  the 
long  wire  cord  or  spiral  spring  shall  give,  so  as  to  adapt  it 
to  the  writer's  particular  hand,  whether  strong  or  weak.  It 
is  a  too  great  degree  of  resistance  of  this  spring  in  the 
polygraph  I  now  use,  which  makes  it  very  fatiguing  to  the 
hand,  and  gives  a  cramped  and  disguised  appearance  to  the 
writing. 

C.  W.  Peale,  Esq. 

Washington,  June  14tli,  1804. 
Dear  Sir: — 

I  send  you  by  this  post  the  drawings  for  another  Poly- 
graph desk.      I  take  for  its  foundation  that  I  am   now 


Thomas  Jefason  to  Charles  Willson  Peale,  179G-1825.     147 

writing  on,  which  is  indeed  very  nearly  perfect.  Wherever 
therefore  I  have  not  proposed  an  alteration,  I  wish  the  new 
one  to  be  exactly  as  the  old.  I  adopt  exactly  the  same 
length  and  breadth  of  desk.  The  position  of  the  writing 
machinery  is  left  precisely  the  same,  k  the  machinery 
itself.  The  changes  are  as  follows  :  1 — the  inkholders  are 
moved  a  little  higher  up,  and  placed  in  a  tray.  2 — the 
desk  is  considerably  shallower ;  this  is  an  essential  change 
for  the  better.  3 — the  drawers  are  consequently  shallower, 
and  that  for  the  spare  ink  pot  and  pens  is  independent  of 
the  paper  drawer.  4 — the  ledge  or  rule  for  holding  a  book 
is  fixed  more  out  of  the  way.  5 — I  propose  that  all  the  locks 
shall  open  with  the  same  key.  Having  a  good  desk  before 
my  eyes  I  have  been  able  to  draw  the  improved  one  without 
risking  any  imperfection,  &  would  therefore  now  pray  that 
the  cabinet  work  may  be  done  to  a  hair's  breadth  according 
to  my  drawing.  Of  yourself  personally  I  have  one  favor 
to  ask,  which  is  to  be  so  good  as  to  see  to  the  perfect 
adjustment  of  the  pens  and  writing  machinery,  as  on  that 
depends  the  whole  value  of  the  machine,  and  the  one  now 
desired  being  to  go  into  the  country  where  we  have  no 
workmen,  any  defect  or  failure  in  it  will  be  irremediable. 
When  done  I  will  pray  you  to  have  it  well  packed  in  a  box 
perfectly  watertight  (as  it  wall  be  exposed  in  an  open  boat 
many  days  going  up  the  river)  and  direct  it  to  me  to  the 
care  of  Messrs.  Gibson  &  Jefferson,  merchants,  Richmond, 
shipping  it  for  that  place,  and  ad^^sing  me  of  it,  &  to 
be  done  with  as  little  delay  as  possible,  that  it  may  arrive 
Rt  MoiiticcUo  by  the  time  I  get  there  myself.  I  should  be 
glad  to  have,  in  addition  to  the  steel  pens,  cases  for  common 
pens  which  are  best  when  one  wishes  to  write  fairer  than 
common.  Accept  my  friendly  salutations  and  assurances 
of  great  esteem. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

l^.S.     After  trial  of  the  one  now  desired,  I  shall  proba- 
bly have  occasion  for  one  or  two  more. 
C.  W.  Peale,  Esq. 


148      Tlwraas  Jefferson  to  Charles  ^y^^lson  Peak,  1796-1S25. 

Washington,  June  20th,  1804. 
Dear  Sir — 

I  enclose  you  t^vo  essays  of  Mr.  Burwell  at  my  profile. 
I  also  enclose  you  the  receipt  of  Capt.  Ellwood  for  your 
Polygraph — he  sails  this  day — besides  that  the  small  round 
inkpot  of  If  diam.  or  square  one  of  1^  L  and  only  1 
I.  deep,  necessary  for  perfecting  your  machine,  you  will  find 
it  necessary  to  throw  away  the  common  stopper  which  rises 
\  i.  above  the  top  of  the  pot,  and  to  substitute  a  cork  with 
R  thin  plate  of  brass  and  ring  on  the  top,  lying  level  with 
that,  thus  [d.esigii]  the  ring  falling  down  on  the  top  of 
the  cork.  You  will  perceive  that  the  steel  pen  with  which 
I  write  this,  sheds  its  ink  too  fast.  How  shall  I  repair  it 
when  it  gets  out  of  order?  Should  you  find  the  small 
black  ink  pots  above  described,  or  glass  ones,  I  should  be 
glad  of  a  set  for  this  polygraph  by  any  safe  opportunity. 
Accept  my  friendly  salutations. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

C.  W.  Peale,  Esq. 

MoNTiCELLO,  Aug.   19th,  1804. 
Dear  Sir: 

I  received  two  days  ago  the  polygraph  lately  sent  me.  It 
arrived  in  good  order  except  that  the  forked  spiral  spring 
which  suspends  the  bar  with  the  friction  cylinder  was 
broken.  In  attempting  to  connect  it  again  by  links  it 
broke  repeatedly,  and  tlio'  I  succeeded  at  last  so  as  to  use 
it,  yet  it  is  become  so  short  as  to  perform  its  functions 
poorly.  Perhaps  you  could  send  me  a  new  spring  (for 
that  portion  only)  by  post,  protecting  it  between  two  slips 
of  wood  or  pasteboard ;  the  post  is  but  4  days  from  Phila- 
delphia here. 

On  5  months  full  trial  of  the  Polygraph  with  two  pens,  I 
can  now  conscientiously  declare  it  a  most  precious  invention. 
Its  Buperiority  over  the  copying  press  is  so  decided  that  I 
have  entirely  laid  aside  that.  I  only  lament  it  had  not 
been  invented  30  years  sooner.  I  lament  nothing  more 
than  the  not  having  been  able  to  preserve  copies  of  my 
letters  during    the  war,  which    to    me  would    now    have 


71uv,>as  Jejjh'son  to  Charles  Willson  Peak,  1796-1825.     149 

been  a  consoling  possession.  The  alterations  in  tlie  two 
polvgraphs  made  for  nie  are  solid  improvements;  and 
liking  as  I  do  to  write  with  a  quill  pen  rather  than  a  steel 
one,  I  value  the  last  pencases  you  sent  me  because  they 
admit  by  their  screws  so  delicate  an  adjustment.  As  the 
quill  pen  requires  to  be  kept  in  the  ink,  I  add  a  latch 
behind  the  left  standard,  3^-  in.  long,  which  turns  down  in 
front  of  the  top  of  the  pen,  &  holds  it  perpendicular  in  the 
ink  socket.  'Without  this  the  pen  hangs  by  its  point  which 
crooks  too  much  to  be  used.  Instead  too  of  the  two  large 
pannels  of  the  cover  being  of  mahogany,  I  substitute  ^vire 
netting,  which  equally  protects  the  machinery,  and  at  the 
same  time  admits  air  and  light.  It  is  not  in  my  power  to 
inform  you  of  the  places  from  which  the  minerals  came 
which  I  sent  you,  because  I  have  forgotten  the  name  of  the 
gentleman  who  sent  them,  and  therefore  cannot  turn  to  his 
letter,  if  ever  I  sliould  recollect  it,  or  other-svise  accidentally 
find  his  letter,  I  will  send  it  to  you.  Accept  my  friendly 
salutations  and  assurances  of  great  esteem. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

MoNTiCELLO,  September  loth,  1804. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

Your  letter  containing  the  spiral  spring  was  received  in 
due  time.  A  mode  of  constructing  your  polygraph  which 
might  render  it  more  profitable  occurred  to  me,  and  as  it 
took  me  less  time  to  give  verbal  directions  to  my  workmen 
for  a  model,  than  to  make  a  drawing  for  you,  I  have  had  a 
model  made  which  I  send  you  by  this  post.  It  is  of  half 
size  in  all  its  dimensions,  whence  you  ^vill  see  that  in  full 
size  it  will  not  be  larger  than  a  very  moderate  portfolio. 
^Miether  any  or  all  its  parts  may  be  of  any  use,  you  w^ll 
judge.  I  was  not  satisfied  whether  the  admitting  the  iS^orth 
side  to  have  a  sidelong  motion,  preser\-ing  its  parallelism, 
find  also  a  north  and  south  motion,  might  not  be  found  use- 
f'll,  and  therefore  the  interior  hole  in  the  brass  is  made.    It 


160      Thomas  Jejcrson  to  Charles  Wdlson  Peale,  1796-1835. 

will  require  inkpots  with  cfFective  stoppers  for  traveling, 
which  nre  easily  made. 

IS  the  publication  of  the  six  lines  of  my  letter  of  Ano-. 
19th  will  be  of  service  to  you,  certainly  they  are  at  your 
service,  but  as  they  were  hastily  and  carelessly  written  be  so 
good  as  to  strike  out  "  I  only  lament  etc"  to  "  possession," 
and  insert  instead  of  it,  "  I  only  regret  it  had  not  been  in- 
vented 30  years  sooner,  as  it  would  have  enabled  me  to  pre- 
serve copies  of  my  letters  during  the  war,  w^hich  to  me 
would  now  have  been  a  consoling  possession."  Let  me 
know  whether  the  idea  of  the  model  answers  and  accept 
my  friendly  salutations. 

Thomas  Jeffeiison. 
Mr.  Peale. 

^  ^  Washingtox,  October  6th,  1804. 

Dear  Sir  : — 

Your  favor  of  September  23rd  was  received  on  my 
arrival  here,  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  between  yourself 
and  Mr.  Hawkins  the  polygraph  ^^^ll  be  rendered  perfect. 
For  the  one  I  have  at  Montieello  you  were  so  kind  as  to 
send  me  a  pair  of  brass  pen-cases  \vith  the  screw  top  and 
for  recei\nng  the  small  bit  of  a  quill  pen,  which  I  found  so 
much  better  suited  to  my  hand  writing  and  so  easily  sus- 
ceptible of  nice  adjustment,  that  I  preferred  them  to  all 
others  and  find  myself  obliged  to  ask  you  for  a  pair  for  the 
polygraph  I  have  here.  Although  I  presume  the  fixed 
tube  for  receiving  the  pen-case  is  exactly  alike  in  all  the 
mstr.uments,  yet  I  inclose  a  wooden  pin  exactly  fitting  mine 
for  greater  security.  It  is  better  the  pencase  should  be  too 
large  than  too  small  for  the  tube  because  in  the  former  case 
it  is  easily  rubbed  down.  I  salute  you  with  friendship  & 
respect. 

_^      _^  Tnos.  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

T^  ^  Washington,  October  13,  1804. 

Dear  Sir: — 

I  have  duly  received  your  favor  of  the  8th,  which  excites 
a  great  curiosity  in  me  to  see  Mr.  Hawkins'  polygraph,  and 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  WiUson  Peak,  1796-1825.     151 

as  you  say  you  are  sending  one  to  the  Secretary  of  State, 
wliicli  I  know  to  be  for  his  office,  for  it  was  on  my  reconi- 
incndation,  I  will  ask  the  favor  of  you  to  address  it  to  me, 
that  I  may  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing  and  trying  it. 
It  shall  then  be  delivered  to  its  address,  and  in  the  mean- 
time %vill  put  me  in  possession  of  an  estimate  of  Hawkins' 
improvements, 

I  salute  you  with  friendship  and  respect. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

Washi>XiTON,  Nov.  7th,  1804. 
Dear  Sir: — 

The  two  polygraphs  you  sent  by  the  stage  arrived  in 
perfect  order.  The  improvement  in  the  writing  apparatus 
is  indeed  precious.  I  find  the  pen  now  as  light  as  a  free 
pen.  I  immediately  delivered  to  Mr.  Madison  the  largest, 
with  which  he  is  well  pleased,  and  I  retain  the  smaller  and 
more  portable  one.  It  pleases  me  extremely,  and  I  do  not 
know  that  I  could  desire  an  addition  to  it,  but  your  screw 
pens.  I  do  not  think  their  weight  would  be  objectionable, 
and  to  a  person  who  writes  with  a  fine  pointed  pen,  a  fre- 
quent adjustment  is  indispensable,  and  inconvenient  without 
the  screw.  I  am  very  apprehensive  that  the  two  boards, 
\nth  all  the  care  you  can  employ,  \\ill  warp  and  defeat  the 
accuracy  of  the  copying  pen.  I  have  now  packed  up  the 
one  you  brought  here  for  me,  and  I  should  have  sent  it  by 
the  stage,  but  that  we  hourly  expect  a  Philadelphia  vessel 
here  which  is  to  return  immediately  &  would  certainly  carry 
it  more  safely.  However,  as  it  is  very  securely  packed,  if 
she  does  not  arrive  immediately,  I  will  send  it  by  the  stage. 
In  the  meantime  I  will  keep  and  use  the  portable  one,  and 
should  it  be  proof  against  warping,  I  would  prefer  keeping 
it,  a-s  I  am  persuaded  that  on  the  return  of  mine  Mr.  Beckley 
^^ill  be  glad  to  receive  it,  that  being  the  identical  one  he  saw 
iind  was  pleased  with. 

I  must  now  ask  the  favor  of  you  to  furnish  me  with  one 
<'<*r  a  friend  in  Europe  to  whom  I  wish  to  present  it  (Mr. 


152      Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charks  Willson  Peak,  1796-1S25. 

Volney)  to  be  made  in  your  neatest  style,  and  in  the  por- 
table form  I  am  now  using,  to  wit,  Hawkins'.  I  think  it 
would  be  better  to  equip  it  with  a  pair  of  screw  pen-cnses, 
and  a  pair  of  those  which  take  in  the  whole  quill,  that  he 
may  suit  himself.  When  ready,  be  so  good  as  to  notify 
me,  ^vithout  sending  it  on,  as  I  may  perhaps  find  an  oppor- 
tunity at  Philadelphia  of  shipping  it  for  France.  Let  me 
know  at  the  same  time  what  should  be  paid  you  for  the 
exchange  of  the  present  polygraphs  which  I  shall  cheer- 
fully remit  with  the  price  of  the  one  to  be  now  made. 
Accept  my  aiiectionate  salutations. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

Washington,  Nov.  17,  1804. 
Dear  Sir: — 

I  received  last  night  your  favor  of  the  14th.  I  continue 
extremely  satisfied  \sith  the  facility  of  writing  with  the 
new  Polygraph.  Mr.  Hawkins'  box  may  be  considerably 
improved  in  its  form.  Instead  of  ha\dng  it  in  the  form 
Fig.  l,the  upper  bed  should  on 
the  hinge  side,  be  beveled  off 
at  a.b.  through  its  whole  length 
(from  west  to  east).  Then 
w^hen  you  wish  to  use  it,  not 
for  copying,  but  as  a  common 
writing  desk,  the  gallows  re- 
mains in  its  horizontal  posi- 
tion as  a  protection  to  the  ma- 
chinery and  is  more  out  of 
your  way,  «fe  the  lid  opens  before  you  and  presents  an 
inclined  plane  for  writing  on  wdth  a  free  pen  as  in  Fig.  2. 
"WTien  you  want  to  copy  it  lies  as  in  Fig.  3.  In  this  case 
the  long  linked  hinges  must  be  left  off.  Indeed  they  are 
always  useless  and  in  the  way.  K  the  one  you  are  making 
for  me  isn't  too  far  advanced,  I  should  like  to  have  it 
made  in  this  way.  I  have  taken  off  the  long  hinges  of 
the  one  I  have,  and  unscrewed  the  other  hinges  from  the 


Thomas  Jefason  to  Charles  WiUson  Peak,  1796-lS3o.     163 

lid  and  without  beveling  it,  have  used  &  continue  to  use  it 
in  the  way  I  propose,  k  find  it  much  more  agreeable  v/hen 
I  am  not  using  the  copying  machinery,  which  is  full  half 
my  time ;  so  that  I  recommend  this  on  experience.  Accept 
aflectionate  salutations. 

.Thomas  Jefferson. 


P.S.  I  think  it  would  be  handsomer  and  take  less  room 
on  the  table  to  have  no  projection  of  either  the  lid  or 
bottom,  but  to  make  it  as  a  box  with  straight  ends,  &  sides, 
except  one  beveled  olf  as  Fig.  4,  and  so  would  prefer  mine. 

C.  W.  Peale,  Esq. 

Washington,  November  28th,  1804. 
Dear  Sir: — 

Passing  as  I  do  the  active  hours  of  ray  life  in  my  study, 
I  have  found  it  essential  to  bring  all  the  implements  I  use 
there  within  the  narrowest  compass  possible,  k  in  no  case  to 
lose  a  single  inch  of  space  which  can  be  made  to  hold  any- 
thing. Hence  everything  is  placed  within  my  reach  without 
getting  out  of  my  chair.  On  this  principle  I  approve  of 
the  two  drawers  to  the  Polygraph  proposed  in  your  letter 
of  the  25th.  I  observe  in  fact  that  in  the  one  I  am  now 
writing  with  there  may  be  in  the  west  end  a  drawer  of  lOf 
in.  square  outside  measure,  and  in  the  north  east  corner 
another  of  12|  in.  by  6  in.  which  would  hold  paper,  pens, 
penknife,  pencils,  scissors,  etc.  etc.  and  that  the  notch  they 
would  require  in  the  gallows  would  probably  not  injure  it. 
I  have  no  hesitation  therefore  at  approving  it.  The  brass 
handles  on  the  gallows  had  better  be  left  off,  and  the  brass 
grooves  on  the  desk  for  the  brass  ruler  to  slide  in.  The 
ruler  laid  on  the  paper  when  you  copy  is  as  effectual  & 
more  convenient,  k  the  grooves  are  in  the  way  when  you 


154      Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Peak,  1796-1SS5. 

use  it  as  a  common  writing  desk,  without  copying.     Accept 
my  friendly  salutations. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

P.S.  Since  writing  my  letter  of  tins  morning  it  has 
occurred  to  me  as  hetter  not  to  cut  the  gallows  in  order  to 
let  the  drawers  come  through  them,  hut  to  let  them  lie 
entirely  within  them,  &  draw  out  only  when  the  gallows  are 
lifted  up.  This  would  lessen  the  size  of  the  drawers  one 
way  three  quarters  of  an  inch.  T.  J. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Usi  of  Fenn  Manuscripts.  155 


LIST  OF  PENX  MANUSCEIPTS 

Piircliascd  by  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  De- 
cember 27,  1882,  from  Colonel  Stewart  Forbes,  adminis- 
trator in  England  of  the  Estate  of  Thomas  Gordon  Penn, 
deceased,  and  designated  the  "  Penn  Manuscripts,  Forbes 
Collection."  They  have  since  been  repaired,  mounted,  and 
arranged  by  the  Society,  and  bound  in  order  as  follows : 

Journals  of  Admiral  Sir  Wm.  Penn  of  Service  in  the  Irish 
Fleet  from  12  Oct.  1644  to  17  Sept.  1647.  Fol.  184  pp. 
Autog.     In  separate  volume. 

Volume  I. 

PAGE 

1.  Instructions  of  Robert  Blake,  John  Desbrowe  &  William 

Penn,  Admiralles  and  Generalls  &c.  for  the  Better 
ordringe  of  the  Fleet  in  Saylenge  (During  the  First 
Dutch  War  1653).     Fol.  5  pp.     Autog. 

2.  Inventory  of  Sir  Wm.  Penn's  Goods  &    Chattells,  19 

Sept.  1670.     Long  fol.  -3  pp. 

Letters  of  Sir  W?n.  Penn. 

3.  To  his  son  Wm.  Penn     8  Jan.  1666.     Fol.  1  p.  l.  s. 

"  6  April  1667.    Svo  1  p.  a.  l.  s. 

"  9      "         "      Fol.  1  p.  A.  L.  s. 

"  21  May      "         "      "  a.  l.  s. 

"  29  April  1670.     Svo  "  a.  l.  s. 

Letters  to  Sir  Wm.  Fenn. 

8.  From  Duke  of  Ormond  29  May  1666.    Fol.  1  p.    l.  s. 

(Desiring  him  to  resign  the  command  of  his  Com- 
pany of  Foot  at  Kinsale  in  favor  of  his  son  Wm. 
Penn.) 

9.  From  Lord  Peterboro       no  date.      Svo  1  p.     a.  l.  s. 
♦*•       "  "  «      "         4o    1  p.     A.  L.  s. 


4. 

({ 

5. 

(( 

6. 

« 

7. 

(( 

156  List  of  Pe an  Manuscripts. 


FAGK 


10.  Draft  of  Wm.  Peuirs  Instructions  to  Lieut.  Gov.  BUuk- 

well  25  9  ni.  1689.  London.  For  the  Government 
of  the  Province.     (Penn's  signature  and  alteration.^. ) 

11.  King  Jain  OS  II  Order  io  tlie  Bishops  for  absolution  of 

persons  engaged  in  the  late  Rebellion.  18  Apl. 
1685.     Fol.  1  p.     Signed  "by  L''  Sunderland. 

12.  Commission   from  Wm.  Penn  to  Robert  Turner,  John 

Goodson,  Sam'l  Jennings  and  Lasy  Cock  to  act  as 
Commissioners  of  Property.  22  5  m.  1692.  (Li  hand- 
wi-iting  of  Wm.  Penn.)     Fol.  1  p.     Copy. 

13-14.  Original  Draft  of  ^Vm.  Penn's  Instrument  of  Sur- 
render to  the  Queen  of  the  Government  of  Pennsyl- 
vania to  be  enrolled  in  Chancery.  Large  fol.  1  p. 
and  fol.  1  p. 

15.  Report  13  Feb.  1710/11  from  the  Lords  of  Trade  to 

the  Queen  upon  Wm.  Penn's  Memorial  to  Surrender 
his  Proprietary  of  the  Government  of  Pennsylvania. 
(An  exhibit  in  the  case  of  Hannah  Penn  v.  Springett 
Penn.)     Fol.  6  pp.     Copy. 

16.  Address  of  The  Kings  of  the  Indians  to  the  King  and 

Parliament.  (In  handwriting  of  James  Logan,  and 
signed  by  the  Six  Kings.)     Xo  date.     Large  fol.  1  p. 

17.  Lease  16  July  1703  Wm.  Penn  and  Wm.  Penn  junr.  to 

Daniel  Phillips  et  al.  of  the  Pallace  of  Pennsbury  for 
500  yrs  as  security  for  debt  of  £1500.  Executed  only 
by  W.  P.  jr.     Vellum  1  sheet. 

18.  Covenant  of  Indemnity  20  Xov.  1707.     Wm.  Penn  to 

Harbert  Springett.     Signed  by  W.  P.     Fol.  1  p. 

19.  Bond  10  Aug.  1699  Wm.  Penn  to  James  St.  Amand 

for  £133.     Signed  by  W.  P.     Fol.  1  p. 

20.  Deed  of  Assignment  19  July  1710  James  St.  Amand 

to  Thos.  Callowhill  of  certain  obligations  of  Wm. 
Penn.  Signed  by  St.  Amand  and  Wm.  Penn  and 
witnessed  by  Wm.  Penn  junior.     Parch.  1  sheet. 


List  of  Penn  Manuscripts.  157 

21.  Bond  20  July  1609  Win.  Penn  to  Tho3.  Callowhill  to 

settle  £1500  within  6  years  on  his  children  by  his 
A\'ife  Hannah  should  he  have  any.  Signed  by  Wm. 
Penn. 

22.  Assignment  7  Dec.  1705  Wm.  Penn  to  Thos.  Callow- 

hill  of  certain  securities  in  satisfaction  of  his  bond  of 
20  July  1699.     Signed  by  W.  P.     Atl.  fol.  1  sheet. 

28-2G.  Four  papers  relating  to  the  Assignment  of  certain 
Government  Annuities  by  Wm.  Penn  to  Thos.  Cal- 
lowhill 29  Jan.  1706.  Endorsed  by  W.  P.  "  Assign- 
mt.  &  Bond  to  Sat.  Callowhill  for  ye  poor  children." 

27.  Copy  of  will  of  Wm.  Penn  1712.     Fol.  3  pp. 

28.  Another  copy  "  "       " 

29.  Release  Wm.  Penn  &  Hannah  his  wife  18  Aug.  1716 

to  Moses  Beranger.  Executed  only  by  H.  P.  Parch. 
1  sheet. 

30.  Acknowledgment  of  Indebtedness  31  Mch  1718  Han- 

nah Penn  to  John  Wren  £80.  Signed  by  H.  P. 
Fol.  1  p. 

31.  Case  of  Mrs.  Hannah  Penn  and  Opinion  thereon  of  Sir 

Edw.  Korthey  11  Dec.  1718.  Fol.  3  pp.  (Opinion 
and  signature  in  Sir  Edw.  Korthey's  handwriting.) 

32.  Warrant  of  Attorney  28  iS'ov.  1721  Mary  Penn,  Wm. 

&  Letitia  Aubrey,  Aubrey  &  Gulielma  Maria  Thomas 
to  Ferdinando  John  Paris  to  appear  for  them  in  the 
case  of  Penn  v.  Penn.     In  Exch.     8vo.  1  p.     l.  s. 

•3:i.  Affidavit  of  Springett  Penn  3  Feb.  1725  as  to  Title 
Deeds  of  the  Three  Lower  Counties  upon  Delaware. 
Fol.  1  p. 

-4.  Case  of  John  Thomas  and  Richard  Penn  Esqs.  and 
State  of  Title  in  relation  to  their  Agreement  and 
Settlement  between  themselves  and  for  their  respec- 
tive widows  and  children  of  Pennsylvania  and  the 
Three  Lower  Counties.     Fol.  12  pp. 


158  List  of  Penn  Manuscripts. 


?AGK 


36.  Articles  of  Agreement  (counterpart)  7  Jan.  1725 
Springett  Penn  and  Hannah  Penn,  that  during  tho 
legal  contest  as  to  the  validity  of  the  Will  of  Wni. 
Penn  their  joint  appointment  of  Patrick  Gordon  as 
Governor  of  Pennsylvania  shall  not  prejudice  the 
rights  of  either  party.  Executed  by  H.  P.  Parch. 
1  sheet. 

36,  Letter  of  Attorney  7  Jan.  1725  Springett  Penn  Heir  at 
law  to  his  brother  Wm.  Penn  to  enable  him  to  obtain 
the  King's  assent  and  approbation  of  Patrick  Gordon 
as  Lieut.  Governor.     Parch.  1  sheet. 

37-38.  Letter  of  Substitution  of  Attorney  2  Feb.  1725  an- 
nexed to  last  mentioned  Letter  of  Attorney  Wm. 
Penn  to  Ferdinand©  John  Paris  (Agent  of  S.  P.  for 
Penna.)  substituting  him  as  Attorney  for  the  pur- 
pose of  obtaining  the  Eoyal  Assent  above  mentioned 
and  Afiirmation  of  Thomas  Penn  2  Feb.  1725  prov- 
ing the  execution  of  both  the  Letters  of  Attorney. 
Fol.  2  pp. 

39.  Commission  6  Apl  1745  John,  Thomas  and  Richard 

Penn,  Proprietaries,  to  James  Logan  to  sell  lands  in 
Pennsylvania  in  case  of  death  or  going  out  of  office 
of  Lieut.  Gov.  Thomas.     Parch.  1  sheet,     d.  s. 

40.  Warrant  6  Apl  1745  John,  Thomas  and  Pdchard  Penn, 

Proprietaries,  to  the  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal  of  the 
P^o^^nce  to  affix  the  Great  Seal  to  the  above  Com- 
mission to  James  Logan  to  grant  lauds.  Parch.  1 
em.  sheet,     d.  s. 

41.  Copy  of  Deed  23  Sept.  1731  Wm.  Penn,  Heir  at  law 

&c.  to  John,  Thomas  and  Richard.  Penn  of  the  Soil 
and  Powers  of  Government  of  Pennsylvania.  Fol. 
16  pp. 

42.  List   of  Grants,  Deeds    and    Papers   in   possession   of 

Thomas  Penn.     Fol.  7  pp. 

43.  Memorandum  book  of  Thomas  Penn.     Sm.  8vo  36  pp- 


List  of  Penn  Manuscripts.  159 

PAGE 

43.  Copy  of  Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  House  of  Com- 

mons appointed  23  Mch  1698  relating  to  the  debt 
settled  upon  the  excise.     4o  6  pp. 

44.  Mem.  of  a  Clause  to  be  inserted  in  ye  Act  agst  Papists 

in  Favour  of  Dissenters.     8vo  1  p. 

45.  Arguments  presented  to  the  King  to  pardon  ye  persons 

and  give  ye  estates  of  ye  Rebells  in  ye  West  to  their 
Relations  being  very  miserably  poore  &  distressed. 
(In  handwriting  of  Wm.  Penn.)     Fol.  1  p.    N.  d. 

46.  Some  Remarks  on  a  Paper  intituled  A  Seasonable  Ad- 

vertiserat.  to  ye  Freemen  of  this  Pro\'ince  ^c.  dated 
Philadelphia  ye  4  4  mo.  1689.     Fol.  3  pp. 

Letters  from  WiUiara  Penn. 

47.  To  those  persons  in  Maryland  yt  he  did  believe  did  be- 

long to  Pennsyl.  London.  16  7  m.  1680.  Copy. 
Fol.  2  pp. 

48.  To  The  Kings  of  tlie  Indians  in  Pennsylvania,     London 

18  8  mo.  1681.  Draft  with  alterations  by  W.  P. 
Fol.  2  pp. 

49.  To  Lord  Nottingham  31  5  m.  1690  offering  to  surren- 

der.    Copy.     Fol.  1  p. 

60.  To  same  12  4  m.  1692.     a.  l.  s.     8vo  3  pp. 

51.  To  ye  magistrates  of  Gloucester  3  11  m.  1694/5.     Copy. 

Fol.  1  p. 

52.  To  ye  Lords  Justices  of  Ireland  1  5  m.  1698.     4o  4  pp. 

53.  A  Book  of  Letters  and  some  Papers  given  forth  at  sev- 

erall  times  [when]  required  of  the  lord  &  otherwise 
in  real  &  a  good  understanding  of  ye  truth,  wether 
to  friends,  Rulers  [of  the]  People,  or  any  perticuler 
persons,  by  me  William  Penn  from  ye  7th  month  in 
the  year  1667.  Fol.  42  pp.  (Inner  upper  corner 
torn  off  all  through  one  inch  at  top  by  three  inches 
long.) 


160  List  of  Penn  Manuscripts. 

Family  Letters. 

PAGE 

64.  William  Penn  to  his  father,  Admiral  Sir  Wm.  Penn,  6 
May  1665.     Fol.  2  pp.     a.  l.  s. 

55.  Three   notes  on  one  page  Wm.  Penn  to  his  children 

Springet,  Lcetitia  and  Bille,  19  6ni.  1682.     3  signa- 
tures.    8vo  1  p.     A.  L.  s. 

56.  Wm.  Penn  to  Anna  Callowhill  28  4  m.  1695.    4o  3  pp. 

A.  L.  s.    (with    receipt  how   to   dry   apples,   pairea, 
plums). 

57.  Wm.  Penn  to  Hannah  Callowhill,  afterwards  his  wife, 

10  7  m.  1695.     4o  2  pp.     a.  l.  s.     Init. 

58.  Wm.  Penn  to  Hannah   Callowhill,  afterwards  his  v.-ife, 

17  10  m.  1695.     4o  4  pp.     a.  l.  s. 

59.  Wm.  Penn  to  Thomas  Callowhill,  ^ith  letter  to  Hannah 

Callowhill  annexed  2  11  m.  1695.     4o  2  pp.    a.  l.  s, 

60.  Wm.  Penn   to  Hannah  Callowhill,  afterwards  his  wife, 

14  11  m.  1695.     4o  2  pp.     a.  l.  s. 

61.  Wm.  Penn  to  Hannah  Callowhill,  afterv\'ards  his  wife, 

19  11m.  1695.     4o  3  pp.     a.  l.  s.     Init. 

62.  Wm.  Penn  to  Thomas  Callowhill  30  11  m.  1695.     4o 

2  pp.     A.  L.  s.     Init. 

63.  Wm.  Penn  to  Hannah  Callowhill,  afterwards  his  wife, 

112  m.  1695.     8vo  7  pp.     a.  l.  s. 

64.  Wm.  Penn  to  Hannah  Callowhill,  afterwards  his  wife, 

5  12  m.  1695.     4o  5  pp.     a.  l.  s. 

65.  Wm.  Penn  to  Hannah  Callowhill,  afterwards  his  wife, 

1112  m.  1695.     4o  3  pp.     a.  l.  s.     Init. 

66.  Wm.  Penn  to  Hannah  Callowhill,  afterwards  his  wife, 

14  12  m.  1695.     4o  3  pp.     a.  l.  s.     luit. 

67.  Hannah  Penn  to  Wm.  Penn  13  8br  1703.     8vo  2  pp. 

A.  L.  s.      Init. 

68.  Wm.   Penn   to  his  wife  Hannah  Penn  25   4  m.   1709. 

Sm.  4o  3  pp.     A.  L.  s.     Init. 


List  of  Penn  Manuscripts.  161 

fAOB 

69.  TVm.  Penn  to  his  wife  Hannah  Penn  9  5  m.  1709.    8vo 

2  pp.     A.  L.  s.     Init. 

70.  AVm.  Penn  to  Thomas  Callowhill  14  5  m.  1709.     8vo 

3  pp.     A.  L.  s.     Init. 

71.  Wm.  Penn  to  his  wife   Hannah  Penn  24  10  m.  1709. 

4o  3  pp.     A.  L.  s.     Init. 

72.  Wm.  Penn  to  his  wife  Hannah  Penn  17  11  m.  1709. 

4o  5  pp.     A.  L.     No  sig. 

73.  Wm.  Penn  to  his  wife  Hannah  Penn  19  11  m.  1709/10. 

4o  4  pp.     A.  L.     Licomp. 

73.  Wm.  Penn  to  his  wife  Hannah  Penn  7  12  m.  1709/10. 

16m.  3  pp.     A.  L.  s.     Init. 

74.  Wm.  Penn  to  Thomas  Callowhill  7  11m.  1709.     8vo 

2  pp.     A.  L.  s.     To  one  of  his  children. 

75.  Wm.  Penn  to  Thomas   Callowhill  22  8  m.  1709.     4o 

2  pp.     A.  L.  s.     To  one  of  his  children. 

76.  Hannah  Penn  to  John  Penn,  her  son,  18  1  m.  1722/3. 

8vo  2  pp.     A.  L.  s. 

77.  Hannah  Penn  to  John  Penn,  her  son  (end),  10  Mch 

1722/3.     4o  2  pp.     A.  L.  s. 

78.  Hannah  Penn  to  John  Penn,  her  son  (end),  30  Mch 

1730.     8vo  2  pp.     A.  L.  s. 

79.  Hannah  Penn  to  John  Penn,  her  son,  no  date.     4o  1  p. 

A.  L.  s. 

80.  Hannah  Penn  to  Sir  Wm.  Keith,  Depy.  Gov.,  8  6  m. 

1718  announcing  death  of  her  husband.     Fol.  1  p. 
(?)  Copy. 

81.  Hannah  Penn  to  Sir  Wm.  Keith,  Depy,  Gov.,  20  6  m. 

1719.     Fol.  2  pp.     Copy. 

82.  Springett  Penn  to  his  uncle  John.Penn  22  1  ra.  1716/17. 

Fol.  1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

«3.  Margaret  Penn  to  her  brother  John  Penn  4  Apl  1722. 
4o  1  p.    A.  L.  s. 
VOL.  XXVIII.— 11 


162  L^si  of  Feiin  Manuscripts. 

Volume  II. 

PAGE 

1.  Lcetitia  Penn  to  Haniiali  Callowhill 

12  10  m.  1605.     4o2pp.  A.  L.  s. 
(Congratulatory  on  their  new  relations  to  each  other.) 

2.  Mrs.  Margaret  Lowther  to  her  brother  Wm.  Penn 

I  Jan.  1695.      4o  4  pp.  a.  l. 

Imp. 

3.  Mrs.  Margaret  Lowther  to  her  brother  Wm.  Penn 

II  July  1696.      4o  4  pp.    a.  l.  s. 

4.  Anthony  Lowther  to  his  bro-in-law  Wm.  Penn 

18  Oct.  1675.      4o  2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 
6.  Robert  Lowther  to  his  cousin  Springett  Penn 

no  date.       8vo  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

5.  S.  Wall  to  Coz  Hannah  Penn 

25  Mch  1714.      8vo  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

Letters  to   William  Penn. 
^6.  From  Lords  of  Trade    13  Feb.  1695/6.  Fol.  2  pp.  Copy. 


7. 

(( 

Committee  of  the 
Assembly 

7  9  m.  1696. 

Fol.  3  pp.  Copy. 

8. 

(( 

Earl  of  Arran 

10  Aug.  1684. 

8vo  2  pp.  Ac  L.  s. 

9. 

u 

ii 

13  Nov.  1694. 

8vo  4  pp.  A.  L.  s. 
Init. 

10. 

(( 

(( 

4  Sept.  1696. 

8vo  4  pp.  A.  L. 
No  sig. 

11. 

(I 

u 

22  Sept.  1696. 

8vo  3  pp.  A.  L. 
No  sig. 

12. 

<l 

(( 

no  date. 

Copy. 

13. 

a 

Lord  Baltimore 

11  lOr  1676.    , 

Fol.  1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

14. 

(( 

R.  Barclay 

6  1m.  1673. 

8V0  1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

15. 

u 

a 

20  6  m.  1676. 

Copy. 

16. 

<( 

« 

last  of  11  ra.  1679.              Copy. 

16. 

(i 

(i 

25  1  m.  1681. 

4o     Ip.     A.  L.  S. 

List  of  Penn  Manuscripts.  16S 


17. 

From  R.  Barclay 

26  2  m.  1G81. 

4o    2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

Init. 

18. 

(( 

u 

17  10  m.  1681. 

Copy. 

19. 

(( 

R.  Barclay  junior 

7  2  m.  1695. 

8vo  2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

20. 

(( 

li 

20  2  m.  1696. 

4o    2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

21. 

(( 

Lord  Bellomont 

2  June  1698. 

4o    3  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

22. 

i( 

« 

2  Jan. 

40     1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

23. 

(( 

" 

30  Jan. 

4o     3  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

24. 

« 

<i 

14  Feb. 

4o     1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

25. 

« 

{( 

no  date. 

4o     1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

26. 

(( 

<( 

no  date. 

4o     1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

27. 

<( 

(( 

no  date. 

4o     1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

30. 

(( 

Lady  Berkley 

13  8  m.  1685. 

8vo  2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

31. 

(( 

Lord  Brogliill 

27  Apl  1675. 

4o     1  p.      A.  L.  S. 

32. 

(( 

(( 

7  July  1678. 

8V0  1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

33. 

i( 

(( 

July. 

8V0  1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

34. 

u 

Duke   of  Buck- 

ingham 

4  Dec.  1686. 

Fol.  Ip.    A.  L.  S. 

35. 

« 

Duke   of  Buck- 

ingham 

22  Feb.  1686/7, 

.  Fol.  2  pp.  A.  L.  S. 

3C. 

(( 

Duke   of  Buck- 

ingham 

4Mchl686. 

Fol.  4  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

37. 

« 

Lord  Carington 

20  Aug.  1688. 

8volp.     A.  L.  S. 

38. 

<( 

Lord  Clarendon 

no  date. 

8V0  1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

88. 

u 

ii 

no  date. 

8V0  1  p.     A.  L.  S. 

89. 

<( 

Richard  Creed  to 
W.    P.      and 

others 

8  6  m.  1679. 

Fol.lp.     A.  L.  S. 

iO. 

u 

Lord  Cornbury 

6  lObr  1701. 

4o      Ip.     A.  L.  S. 

41. 

« 

Lady  Cul-  >| 

lJvfI.  U^-tl6Dec.l703. 

4o    1  p.  No  sig. 

fax 


164 

PAGE 

42. 


40  1  p.  A.  L.  S. 
Fol.  1  p.  A.  L.  S. 
4o  2  pp.  A.  L.  S. 
8V0  1  p.     A.  L.  S. 


Fol.  2  pp. 

Amanuensis. 


67. 

58. 

59. 
60. 
61. 


List  of  Perm  Manuscripts. 

From  Lord  Dartmouth 

for  the  Queen  15  Feb.  1710/11.  Svo  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

Lord  Effingham     9  July  1680.      4o    2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 
Bishop  of  Ely         7  Mch  1G87. 
24  Oct.  1688. 
21  June  1690. 
"  1  Oct.  1690. 

H.  Fetherly  (or  Everly) 

19  July  1678. 
"     George  Fox  per  Thos.  Lower 
28  6  m.  1674. 

(Also  letter  of  Thos.  Lower  annexed.) 
From  George  Fox  per  T.  L. 

10  8  m.  1674.     Fol.  1  p. 
(Postscript  by  T.  L.) 

From  George  Fox         25  9  m.  1674.     Fol.  1  p. 

From  George  Fox,  Declaration  instead  of  the  Oath  of 
Allegiance  (copy),  with  letter  (T.  L.  handwriting) 

11  11  m.  1674.  Fol.  2  pp.  a.\  s. 

Liit 
30  7  m.  1675.     Fol.  2  pp. 
24  3  m.  Fol.  1  p.  l.s.  Init. 

5  11m.  1689.  8vo  2  pp. 
no  date.         Svo  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 
26  4  m.  1675.    Fol.  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 
Init. 
13  7  m.  1675.     Fol.  1  p. 
T.  L.  handwriting 

11  10  m.  1677.  Fol.  1  p. 

Lord  Gallway       11  June  1698.    8vo  1  p.    l.s. 

28  Apl  1710.      4o    2  pp.  A.  L.  8. 
Lord  Godolphin  14  Sept.  1708.    4o    1  p.    a.  l.  s. 


43. 
44. 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 

49. 


50. 

5L 
52. 


53.  From  George  Fox 

54. 

55. 

55. 

56. 


Margaret  Fox 


List  of  Pcnn  Manuscripts. 


166 


rxes 

62. 


From  John  Gratton       20  5  m.  1693.     Fol.  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

Init. 
"  2  11  m.  1693.  8vo  3  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

Init. 
"  9  m.  1693.     4o    3  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

Init. 
Chief  Justice  J.  Holt 

23  May  1701.  4o  2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 
Comtesse  de  Homes  (French) 

14  7br  1677.    16mo  2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 
John  Jones  4  Jan.  1699/1700.      4o  1  p.     a.  l.  s. 
With  Inventory  for  a  public  house  annexed 

4o  3  pp.  Aut. 
Lord  Leyonbergh  25  May  1686.  4o  1  p.  a.  l.  s. 
Lord  Limerick      25  Jan.  1708/9.      8vo  4  pp.  l.  s. 

and  A.  p.  s. 
Le  Prince  de  Mario  Plabi  (French) 

11  Sept.  1702.  8vo  3  pp.  a.  l.  s. 
Lord  Manchester  (interview  with  King) 

16  Feb.  1702.  4o  1  p.  a.  l.  s. 
H.  May  7  June  1698.  4o  2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 
Henry  More  (?)  to  W.P.  (?)  (religious  disquisition) 

22  May  1675.  Fol.  16  pp.    l.  s. 

and  A.  P.  s. 

Earl  of  Monmouth  16  N'ov.  1695.  8vo  2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

"  no  date.     16mo  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

Marquis  of  ISTormanby 

17  July  1698.   4o     2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 
Sir  Heneage  Finch  (afterwards  Marquis  of  Not- 
tingham Lord  Chanr.) 

no  date.  4o  1  p.  a.  l.  s. 
2d  Lord  Chanr  (his  son) 

19  Aug.  1702.  4o  1  p.  a.  l.  s. 
Sir  John  Pelham  M.  P. 

25  July  1679.  Fol.    1  p.    a.  l.  s. 


166  List  of  Peiui  Manuscripts. 

(end)  1C97.    16mo   1  p.    a.  l.  s. 


PACK 

76.  From  Lord  Peterborouirh 


76. 

(( 

Lord  Peterborough 

3  Oct.  1702. 

8vo  2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

77. 

(( 

Lord  Peterborough 

6  Oct.' 1702. 

8V0    1   p.      A.  L.  S. 

77. 

(( 

Lord  Peterborough 

no  date. 

4o      2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

78. 

(( 

Lord  Peterborough 

29XOV.1705. 

4o      2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

79. 

a 

Lord  Poulett 

22  Apl  1699. 

4o      2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

80. 

u 

<( 

27  May  1706. 

4o      3  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

80. 

4( 

<( 

15  July. 

8V0     1  p.      A.  L.  S. 

81. 

a 

Lord  Powis 

25  Oct.  1697. 

40       1  p.      A.  L.  S. 

82. 

(( 

Lady  Ranaloug 

h          no  date. 

8vo    1  p.     By 

amanuensis. 

83. 

<( 

Lord  Rodes 

Oct.  17,  1693. 

4o      4  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

84. 

(( 

Lady  Rodes 

5  Feb.  1685. 

Fol.    2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

85. 

(( 

u 

5  Mch  1685. 

Fol.   3  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

86. 

« 

(( 

3  May  1686. 

8vo    2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

86. 

(< 

(( 

18  May  1686. 

8vo    1  p.       A.  L.  S. 

87. 

(( 

E.  Rosse  (?)  to  W.  P. 

26  Aug.  1698 

.  8vo   2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

88. 

<( 

Lord  Sunderland    30  Aug.  1698 

.  8V0    1  p.      A.  L.  S. 

88. 

(( 

(( 

25  Oct. 

8vo  2  pp.  A.  L. 

1^0  sig. 

89. 

(( 

Henry  Sydney  (afterwards  Lord  Romney) 

13  Aug.  1686. 

4o     2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

89. 

(< 

u 

19  Jan. 

8V0    1  p.      A.  L.  S. 

90. 

(( 

u 

29  June  1687. 

4o     2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

91. 

a 

(t 

17  Sept.  1687. 

4o      2  pp.  A.  L.  s. 

92. 

« 

u 

19  Oct.  1687. 

4o      2  pp.  A.  L. 

No  sig. 

List  of  Pe7in  Mamiscripts.  167 

PAGE 

93.  From  Henry  Sydney  (afterwards  Lord  Romney) 

21  Aug.  168S.    4o     2  pp.  a.  l. 

No  Big. 

94.  "  "  21  May.  4o     2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

95.  "  "  10  July.  8vo  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

96.  "     Lord  Scarbrougb 

21  July  1702.    8vo  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

97.  "     Duke  of  Shrewsbury 

13  Apl  1689.    Fol.  2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

98.  "     Duke  of  Shrewsbury  (By  the  King's  command) 

6  Oct.  1696.      4o     1  p.    A.  L.  s. 

99.  "     Duke  of  Shrewsbury 

2  Apl  1707.       4o     1  p.    A.  L.  s. 
99.       "     Duke  of  Shrewsbury 

7  Apl  1707.       8vo  1  p.    A.  L.  8. 

100.  "     Earl  of  Tyrconnell 

16  June  1688.    4o  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

101.  «     EdmondWallerSl  3  m.  1698.     Fol.  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

102.  "     Marquis  of  Winchester 

"     Lord  Gallway    joint     11  June  1698.  4o  1  p. 

Aut  L.  (Gallway)  s. 

Letters  to  Hannah  Penn. 

103.  "     Henry  Goldney  19  1m  1716.     8vo  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

103.  "     Sir  Wm.  Keith,  Dep.  Gov. 

24  Sept.  1717.    4o    2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

104.  «     Anne  Murray     10  Oct.  1717.     4o    2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

105.  "     Robt.  Assheton     5  Nov.  1718.   4o    1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

Miscellaneous  Letters. 

106.  ^     Lord   Baltemore   to   Dirk    Burk   (his    London 

Agent)  7  Nov.  1683.    Fol.  4  pp.  Copy. 

107.  «     Lord    Baltemore    to   Dirk    Burk    (his    London 

Agent)  7  Dec.  1683.     Fol.  4  pp.  Copy. 


168  List  of  Pom  Manuscripts. 

PAGB 

108.  From  R.  Barclay  to  Thos.  Zacbary 

2G  5  m.  1685.  Fol.  1  p.  a.  l.  s.  In. 

109.  "  '  George  Fox  to  Ilellen  Dundas 

19  9  m.  1676.  Fol.  ]  p.  (?)  Copy. 

110.  "     George  Fox  to  All  Friends  everywhere  &C. 

11  11  m.  1669.  Fol.  2  pp.  Copy. 

111.  "     George  Fox  to  Friends 

no  date.       Fol.  2  pp.  Copy. 

112.  "     George  Fox  to  Earl  of  Pembroke 

"     Edward  Burrough  to  Sir  Henry  Vane  M.  P. 

no  date.      Fol.  4  pp.  Copies. 

113.  Letter  from  Amsterdam  to  George  Fox 

7  10  m.  1685.  Fol.  1  p.  No  sig. 

114.  John  Gary  to  George  Fox 

21  4  m.  1674.     Fol.  3  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

115.  John  Grattiin  to  Friends 

26  3  m.  1691.    8vo    1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

116.  John  Grattau  to  Jo  i^Taughton  &  Jo  Field 

26  3  m.  1691.    Foh  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

117.  John  Grattan  to  Henry  Goiildney 

23  5  m.  1691.    Fol.  1  p.    a.  l.  s. 

118.  John  Grattan  to  Henry  Gouldney  for  G.  W. 

20  4  m.  1693.    Fol.  3  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

119.  John  Grattan  to  Henry  Gouldney 

3  3  m.  1694.     4o     2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

119.  John  Grattan  to  Jas.  Dickinson 

5  11  m.  1694.    8vo  3  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

120.  J.  Springett  to  Grimbole  Paunceforte 

7  Sept.  1706. 
With  copy  of  Wm.  Penn's  statement  as  to  his  last 
interview  with  Philip  Ford  prior  to  embarking  for 
Penna.  1699.  Fol.  2  pp.  a.  l.  s. 

James  Logan  to  Yearly  Meeting  at  Phila. 

22  Sept.  1764.  Fol.  4  pp.  Printed. 
(As  to  the  right  to  bear  arms  in  self-defence.) 


Pennsylvania  Glcardngs  in  England.  169 


PENNSYLVANIA   GLEANINGS   IN   ENGLAND. 

BY    LOTHROP   WITHINGTON. 

[The  following  matter  concerning  Pennsylvania  families  (taken  from 
the  registers  of  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury  and  other  English 
records)  is  partly  from  my  own  notes  and  partly  expanded  from  the  un- 
published notes  of  Mr.  Henry  Fitzgilbert  Waters,  now  in  my  charge. 
It  is  on  similar  lines  to  contributions  being  made  to  the  New  York, 
Virginia,  South  Carolina,  Maryland,  Delaware,  and  other  historical 
societies,  and  (for  Northern  New  England)  to  the  Essex  Institute.  The 
notes  of  Mr.  Waters,  not  elsewhere  printed,  are  being  issued  alphabeti- 
cally in  the  Genealogical  Quarterly  Magazine.  For  an  account  of  the 
work  of  Mr.  Waters  and  myself  in  England,  see  the  Virginia  Historical 
Magazine  for  January,  1903,  page  291. 

LOTHROP    WlTHIXGTOX. 
30  liiTTLE  Russell  Strekt,  W.  C,  IxiKdok.] 

William  Aubrey,  of  London,  gent.  Will  4  May  1731 ; 
proved  7  ^larch  1731/2.  To  my  nephew  William  Penn  Esq. 
and  to  his  heirs  5000  acres  of  unserveyed  land  in  Pensil- 
vania,  being  part  of  25000  acres  appointed  by  my  father 
William  Penn  senior  Esq  deceased,  to  me  and  my  ^^^fe  as 
a  moiety  of  50000  acres  appointed  to  my  ^nfe's  late  mother 
deceased.  To  my  wdfe  Letitia,  the  daughter  of  the  said 
William  Penn  the  elder  deceased,  and  to  her  heirs,  the 
manor  of  Faggs  in  Pensilvania  being  about  5000  acres  ot 
land.  I  also  give  to  the  said  Letitia  and  her  heirs  all  lands 
in  Pensilvania  which  are  deficient  in  my  patents  for  the 
mannours  of  Mountjoy  and  Steyning.  Residuary  legatee 
and  executrix :  the  said  Letitia  my  wife.  Witnesses : 
John  Page,  Mary  Wells,  Jane  Adamson.  I  desire  my 
nephew^  William  Penn  to  be  assisting  to  my  wife.  Codicil 
8  May  1731.  To  Ann  Aubrey  my  sister  in  law  £40  for  the 
benefit  and  exclusive  use  of  her  daughter  Elianor  without 
her  husband,  and  to  my  nephew  Thomas  Aubrey  £100. 

Bedford,  62. 


1 70  Pemisi/lvama  Gleanings  in  England. 

James  Abercrombie  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  mariner. 
Will  11  Dcccmher  1758;  proved  23  July  1761.  Executors: 
friends  Charles  Stedman,  Alexander  Stedman,  and  Samuel 
McCall  junior  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia.  To  my  dear 
wife  Margaret  Abercrombie  £1000,  money  of  Pennsylvania. 
Residuary  legatee:  my  eon  James,  and  in,  case  of  his  death 
without  issue,  then  to  my  brother  David  Abercrombie,  my 
sister  Jannet  Abercrombie,  and  to  John  Stedman  the  son 
of  my  friend  Alexander  Stedman.  Witnesses :  Robt. 
Harper,  Johan  George  Waine.  Proved  by  William  Neates, 
attorney  of  Charles  and  Alexander  Stedman  and  Samuell 
McCall  the  younger,  executors,  now  residing  respectively 
at  Philadelphia.  Cheslyn,  239. 

Edward  Bradley  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  the 
province  of  Pennsylvania,  glazier.  Will  22  March  1743/4; 
proved  8  November  1746.  Executors:  wife  Esther  and  my 
friends  Ebenezer  Kinnersley  and  Thomas  Leach,  both  of 
the  said  city,  shopkeepers,  for  my  estate  in  Pennsylvania 
and  elsewhere  (Great  Britain  excepted).  I  release  the  said 
Ebenezer  Kinnersley  of  his  debt  of  £30.  To  the  said 
Thomas  Leach  £30.  To  my  said  vinfe  Esther  all  my  negroe 
slaves,  \-iz.  York,  Daphne,  and  the  child  Gin,  with  all  my 
plate,  household  furniture,  and  £700,  also  the  money  that 
become  due  to  me  for  the  land  lately  sold  to  William  Hour 
&c.  and  all  my  right  to  the  stable  which  I  took  of  Thomas 
Howard.  I  give  to  my  said  Tvnfe  Esther  my  messuage  in 
Front  Street  in  the  said  city  between  the  messuage  of 
Robert  Strettle  and  George  Shed  and  all  those  yearly  rent 
charges  in  or  near  Elbow  Lane  purchased  of  Joshua  Car- 
penter amounting  to  the  yearly  sum  of  £12.8.4.  The  rest 
of  all  my  lands  to  be  sold  and  out  of  the  money  there  shall 
be  paid  £100  a  piece  to  my  brothers  Thomas  Bradley  and 
Joseph  Bradley  and  my  sister  Ann  Shepherd,  and  next  the 
sum  of  £30  a  piece  to  my  two  nephews,  \\z.  Edward 
Shepherd,  my  said  sister's  son,  and  William  Bradley,  the 
son  of  my  brother  Joseph,  which  two  nephews  I  nominate 


Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England.  171 

executors  for  my  estate  in  Great  Britain.  Residuary  legatee : 
wife  Estlier.  Witnesses:  P' Turner,  C.  Brocden,  Robt. 
Strettle.  Proved  by  Edward  Sliepherd  Avith  power  reserved 
ic.  Edmonds,  318, 

James  Thomas,  late  of  Philadelphia,  but  in  parish  of  St. 
Margaret,  Lothbury,  London,  bachelor,  deceased.  Will  22 
4'''  month  170G  ;  proved  11  February  1711/2.  Brother  Micah 
Thomas  and  his  children  £30.  Brother  Gabriel  Thomas 
besides  what  he  oweth  rne  £20.  Sister  Mary  Snead  and  her 
children  £20.  Sister  Rachel  Wharton  and  to  be  at  her 
dispose  £40.  Uncle  James  Thomas  £20  a  year  during  his 
life.  My  cosins  or  nieces  Elizabeth,  Mary,  and  Rachell 
AVilliams  each  of  them  £50  after  the  decease  of  my  aforesaid 
uncle  James  Thomas.  My  nephew  the  brother  of  said 
Williams  if  living  £50.  My  cousins  the  children  of 
Thomas  Wharton  and  sister  Rachell  his  v/ife,  after  &c  &c, 
£20  each.  Executors  £50  as  followeth,  to  Edward  Shippen 
senior,  and  his  grandchildren  Edward  and  Elizabeth 
Shippen  £20  and  £30  between  Samuel  Preston  and  his 
daughters  Margaret  and  Hannah.  Poor  of  Philadelphia 
remainder  of  my  estate  after  decease  of  aforesaid  uncle, 
that  is  the  yearly  interest  of  the  remainder  as  aforesaid  and 
that  forever.  The  aforesaid  Edward  Shippen  and  Samuel 
Preston  of  Philadelphia,  merchants,  executors.  Witnesses : 
Philip  Russuel,  Walton  Huling,  Jonathan  Baily,  Morris 
Edwards.  Proved  at  Sussex  on  Delaware  Bay  on  7"^  day 
of  9  month  called  November  1710.  By  testimony  of  Jona- 
than Baily  and  Philip  Russell.  Administration  granted  to 
John  Askew,  attorney  for  Samuel  Preston,  residing  in  Phil- 
adelphia. Barnes,  88. 

John  Proberts,  late  of  Philadelphia  in  America,  belong- 
ing to  the  merchant  ship  "  Alexander"  but  deceased  in  St. 
Thomas's  Hospital,  Southwark.  Administration  15  No- 
vember 1742  to  William  Playtor,  attorney  of  Grace  Proberts 
the  relict  now  residing  at  Philadelphia. 

Admon.  Act  Book,  17^2. 


172  Pomsi/lvania  Gleanings  m  England. 

Sophia  Roberts  late  of  Pensilvania  in  parts  beyond 
seas,  spinster,  deceased.  Administration  18  November 
1731  to  her  sister  Rebecca  Roberts,  spinster,  Anne  Roberts 
the  mother  first  renouncing. 

Ditto,  1731. 

Richard  Sanger  late  of  Philadelphia  in  America,  bache- 
lor, deceased.  Administration  13  May  1737  to  his  sister 
and  next  of  kin  Deborah  wife  of  Jonathan  Colman. 

Ditto,  1737. 

John  Smith  late  at  Pennsylvania  deceased.  Administra- 
tion 22  February  1688/9  to  William  Wright  during  absence 
of  Jane  Smith  the  relict  now  living  in  Scotland. 

Ditto,  16S9,  folio  28. 

Henry  Smith  late  of  Pensilvania  in  West  Indies,  bache- 
lor, deceased.  Administration  25  May  1703  to  John 
Adams  principal  creditor. 

Ditto,  1703,  folio  93. 

Patient  Usher  late  of  Philadelphia  in  Pensilvania  iS^'orth 
America,  widow,  deceased.  Administration  29  April  1749 
to  Elias  Bland,  attorney  of  Margaret  Kearsley  formerly 
Brand  (wife  of  John  Kearsley)  niece  of  the  defunct,  and 
now  residing  in  Pensilvania.  Ditto,  174.9. 

William  Rably  late  of  Philadelphia  in  the  province  or 
Pensilvania  in  America  deceased  upon  the  high  seas. 
Administration  18  February  1730/1  to  Richard  Deeble 
principal  creditor,  John  Rably  and  Mary  Rably  spinster, 
brother  and  sister  of  the  defunct  first  renouncing. 

Ditto,  1731. 

Warwick  Hele  late  of  Pensilvania,  widower,  deceased. 
Administration  1  March  1710/11  to  Michael  Hammona  prin- 
cipal creditor.  Ditto,  1711,  folio  50. 


l^enjisi/lvania  Gleanings  in  Ungland.  173 

William  Kinnersley  late  of  Philadelphia  iu  Pensil- 
vania  in  America,  bachelor,  deceased.  Administration  12 
April  1714  to  his  nephew  (ex  fratre)  "William  Kinnersley, 
Richard  Kinneraley  the  brother  and  Hannah  Fencott  wife 
of  William  Fencott,  sister  of  the  defunct  hrst  renouncing. 

Ditto,  1714,  folio  74. 

John  Swift  junior  late  of  Philadelphia  in  Pensilvania 
deceased.  Administration  20  January  1713,4  to  Hannah 
Winbolt  \vidow,  sister  of  Elizabeth  Swift  the  relict  now  at 
Philadelphia.  Ditto,  1714,  folio  7. 

Dorothy  Allford  late  of  Pensilvania,  spinster,  deceased. 
Administration  3  iSTovember  1718  to  her  sister  Mary  Little 
als  Allford  wife  of  Joseph  Little, 

Ditto,  1718,  folio  4S. 

Benjamin  Acrod,  late  of  St.  John  Hackney,  Middlesex, 
but  in  Pennsylvania,  deceased.  Administration  4  July 
1684  to  his  relict  Sara  Acrod,  which  grant  was  revoked  on 
proof  of  a  will  in  December  following. 

Admon.  Act  Booh,  1684. 

Jonathan  Brand  late  of  Philadelphia  in  Pensilvania, 
widower,  deceased.  Administration  14  February  1748/9  to 
his  son  Thomas  Brand.  Di.tto,  1749. 

Robert  Brett  late  at  Pens^dvania  deceased.  Adminis- 
tration 11  September  1701  to  Roger  Brett,  Attorney  for  the 
relict  Mary  Tudor  als  Brett  now  at  Xew  York. 

Ditto,  1701,  folio  157. 

John  Craven  late  of  Philadelphia  in  Transilvania  [sic], 
widower,  deceased.  Administration  21  February  1704/5  to 
Edward  Ridsdale  guardian  of  Mary,  Jane,  and  William  In- 
nian,  minors,  grandchildren  of  the  said  defunct,  Dorothy 
Inman,  spinster,  also  a  grandchild,  first  renouncing. 

Ditto,  1705,  folio  S9. 

George  Ellice  late  of  the  Town  of  Philadelphia  in  Pen- 
pjlvania,  bachelor,  deceased.     Administration  24  January 


174  Pennsylvania  Gleanings  in  England. 

1753  to  the  Rev.  John  Black,  Clerk,  Attorney  of  Willirmi 
Ellice,  brother  of  the  defunct,  now  residing  in  North  Britain. 

Ditto,  1753. 

Edward  Guy  of  Appleby  in  AVestmoreland,  but  late  ot" 
Philadelphia  beyond  the  seas.  Administration  1698  to  his 
eon  John.  [Edward,  son  of  Edward  Guy,  of  Appleby  in 
Westmoreland,  matriculated  30  4, 1624,  aged  15,  at  Queen's 
College,  Oxford.  M.A.  1634.  Vicar  of  St.  Lawrence,  Ap- 
pleby, 1636.]  Ditto,  1698. 

Walter  Groombridge  late  of  Philadelphia  beyond  seas, 
■widower,  deceased.  Administration  18  July  1710  to  John 
Norton  and  Henry  Daniel  guardians  of  Jane  Groombridge, 
a  minor  daughter  and  only  child  of  the  deceased. 

Ditto,  17 10,  folio  138. 

Mary  Haslehurst  late  of  Philadelphia  in  Pensilvania, 
widow,  deceased  on  the  High  Seas.  Administration  17 
January  1735/6  to  her  mother  Mary  Mecham. 

Ditto,  1735. 

George  Head  late  of  Philadelphia,  bachelor,  but  deceased 
at  Charles  Town  in  South  Carolina.  Administration  25  No- 
vember 1734  to  his  brother  Thomas  Head,  Eowland  Head 
the  father  renouncing.  Ditto,  1734. 

William  Higgs,  late  of  Pennsylvania  in  parts  beyond 
the  seas,  bachelor,  deceased.  Administration  17  October 
1709  to  his  brother  John  Higgs. 

Ditto,  1709,  folio  S06. 

William  Joxes  late  of  Philadelphia  in  the  province  of 
Pensilvania,  bachelor,  deceased.  Administration  30  May 
1735  to  his  sister  Mary  Jones,  spinster.  Ditto,  1735. 

Thomas  Langhorne  late  at  Pensilvania.  Administration 
30  December  1689  to  Seth  Flower  principal  creditor. 

Ditto,  1689,  folio  209. 


Pennsi/lvania  Gleanings  in  England.  175 

Sarau  Lea  formerly  Brown  (Wife  of  William  Lea)  late 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  America,  deceased.  Ad- 
ministration 3  October  1749  to  her  son  William  Lea,  her 
husband  William  Lea  dying  without  taking  administration. 

Bitto,  1749. 

JouN  LiLLYSTONE  late  of  8t  Andrew  Holborn,  London, 
and  of  Philadelphia  in  America,  bachelor,  deceased  in  ship 
"  Roweer."  Administration  7  June  1751  to  his  mother 
Hannah  Lillystone  widow.  J)it(o  1751, 

William  Maiden  late  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  bach- 
elor, deceased.  Administration  30  April  1756  to  William 
Bruce,  attorney  of  John  Maiden  the  father  now  residing  in 
Dundee,  Scotland.  rHuo^  ^75^^ 

DiONYsius  Merrick  late  at  Le  Ilokills  in  Pensilvania  be- 
yond seas,  bachelor,  deceased.  Administration  14  Novem- 
ber 1702  to  Richard  Chope  principal  creditor. 

Ditto,  1702,  folio  216. 

Richard  Metcalfe  late  of  Le\vis  in  Pensylvania,  widower, 
deceased.  Administration  8  July  1763  to  his  daughter 
Elizabeth  Metcalfe,  spinster.  Ditto,  1763. 

Anne  Morrey  late  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  Pen- 
Bylvania  in  America  deceased.  Administration  8  March 
1748/9  to  her  husband  Richard  Morrey.  Ditto,  17^9. 

Sarau  Morrey  late  of  the  City  and  County  of  Philadel- 
phia in  the  province  of  Pensylvania,  widow,  deceased. 
Administration  12  November  1756  to  John  Strettell,  attor- 
ney of  her  son  Stephen  Williams  now  residing  at  Philadel- 
P^^^-  Ditto,  1756. 

Matthew  Payne  lat«  of  Pensylvania,  widdower.  Ad- 
ministration 4  October  1686  to  his  son  Edmund  Payne. 

Ditto,  1686,  folio  15^. 
(I'o  be  continued.) 


176  The  Alaska  Adjudication, 


THE   ALASKA  APJUDICATION. 

BY   TUOMAS    WILLING    BALCH. 

By  the  Conventiou  that  was  signed  at  Washington  on 
January  24,  1903,  between  the  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  John 
Hay,  and  the'  late  British  ambassador,  Sir  Michael  Herbert, 
which  subsequently,  on  February  11,  1903,  became,  upon  its 
ratification  by  the  United  States  Senate,  a  treaty,  the  Ameri- 
can and  the  British  governments  made  provision  to  submit 
the  difference  of  opinion  over  the  proper  way  of  running 
the  eastern  frontier  of  the  Alaskan  lisiere  to  a  Joint  Com- 
mission. The  tribunal  that  this  treaty  set  up  was  noty  as  is 
popularly  supposed,  a  Court  of  Arbitration,  but  a  Court  of 
Adjudication.  For  this  tribunal  w^as  composed  of  an  equal 
number  of  jurists,  thrde  chosen  from  each  side  from  among 
their  own  citizens.  I^Tone  of  the  members  of  the  tribunal 
was  a  citizen  of  a  neutral  country,  and  there  was  not  upon 
it  an  odd  judge,  thereby  securing  the  certainty  of  a  ma- 
jority vote,  and  so  a  final  decision  upon  every  point  that 
was  submitted  for  adjudication.  From  the  first  negotiations 
at  Quebec  in  August,  1898,  over  this  Alaskan  question,  the 
Canadians  aimed  to  have  the  question  passed  upon  by  an 
unequal  number  of  jurists.  They  hoped  to  play  off  the 
abrogation  of  the  Clayton-Bulwer  treaty  against  the  sub- 
mission of  the  Alaska  frontier  to  an  International  Court  ot 
Arbitration.  If  it  had  been  a  moral  certainty  that  such  an 
international  court,  whether  composed  of  members  of  the 
Hague  Tribunal  or  of  other  learned  jurists,  would  have 
decided  the  controversy  on  the  merits  of  the  evidence  alone, 
this  country  could  very  properly  have  referred  the  case  to 
such  a  court  for  settlement.  But,  unfortunately,  ever  since 
!6meric  Cruce,^  of  Paris,  first  promulgated  in  1623  the  idea 

^  "Les  Origiuea  du  Droit  International,"  par  Ernest  Nys,  Bruxelles, 
1894,  p.  397. 

"Emeric  Cruc6,"  by  Thomas  Willing  Balch,  Philadelphia,  1900, 
pp.  24-37. 


The  Alaska  Adjudication.  177 

of  an  International  Court  oi  Arbitration,  until  now,  the 
numerous  judgments  handed  down  by  international  tribu- 
nals have  proved  the  frailty  of  human  nature,  and  shown 
the  desire  of  the  arbitrators  to  split  the  difference  of  the 
issues  involved,  and  in  some  cases  their  purpose  to  inject 
even  diplomatic  considerations  into  the  decisions.  The 
cause  of  International  Arbitration  has  made  great  progress 
since  Cruce  launched  his  plan  upon  the  world,  but  it  should 
not  be  forgotten  that  a  recourse  to  International  Arbitration, 
taking  account  of  human  nature,  is  not  as  yet  possible  in 
all  cases.  Our  government  acted  wisely  in  referring  the 
question  of  the  Alaska  frontier  to  a  Court  of  Adjudication 
rather  than  to  a  Court  of  Arbitration. 

The  question  submitted  to  the  Alaska  Adjudication  Board 
was  the  correct  explanation  of  a  .part  of  the  Anglo-Russian 
Treaty,  which  was  signed  at  Saint  Petersburg,  February 
lG/28,  1825,  by  Count  ISTesselrode,  M.  de  Poletica,  and  Sir 
Stratford  Canning.^  By  that  treaty  Russia  and  England 
agreed  upon  a  line  of  demarcation  to  separate  their  re- 
spective isorth  American  possessions. 

The  treaty  provided  that  this  frontier  should  be  drawn 
from  the  Arctic  Ocean,  along  the  meridian  of  one  hundred 
and  forty-one  degrees  west  longitude  from  Greenwich  to 
Mount  Saint  Elias,  and  then  was  to  follow  the  crest  of  the 
mountains  running  parallel  to  the  coast,  to  the  head  of  the 
Portland  Channel,  and  down  that  sinuosity  to  the  ocean  in 
fifty-four  degrees  forty  minutes  north  latitude.  But  if  at 
any  point  the  crest  of  the  mountains  proved  to  be  at  a 
greater  distance  than  ten  marine  leagues  from  the  shore, 
then  the  frontier  should  run  parallel  to  the  sinuosities  of  the 
coast  at  a  distimee  of  ten  marine  leagues  inland,  but  never 
farther  than  that  from  the  shore. 

The  United  States,  on  the  one  hand,  maintained  that  this 
treaty  gave  to  Russia,  and  consequently  to  themselves, — 
«ince  the  United  States  had  bought,  in  1867,  chiefly  by  the 

'  "The  Alaska  Frontier,"  br  Thomas  Willing  Balch,  Philadelphia, 
HK)3,  pp.  6-8. 

VOL.  XXVIII.— 12 


178  The  Alaska  Adjudication. 

eilbrts  of  William  H.  Seward  and  Charles  Sumner,  Russinn 
America  with  all  the  rights  of  Russia, — an  unbroken  lisiire 
or  strip  of  territory  on  the  mainland  from  Mount  Saint 
Elias  at  about  sixty  degrees  north  to  the  opening  of  the 
Portland  Channel  into  the  ocean  at  Dixon  Entrance  at  fifty- 
four  degrees  forty  minutes,  of  sufficient  width  to  entirely 
cut  oti'  the  British  empire  from  tide-water  north  of  fifty- 
four  forty.  Canada,  on  the  other  hand,  contended  that  the 
true  interpretation  of  the  treaty  of  1825  gave  a  frontier  line 
that,  skipping  from  the  tops  of  mountains  close  to  the  sea, 
cut  across  the  sinuosities  such  as  the  Lynn  Canal  and  Taku 
Inlet,  instead  of  passing  inland  around  them,  thus  giving  to 
Canada  harbors  upon  the  upper  reaches  of  those  sinuosities. 

The  decree  of  the  Adjudication  Board  in  the  main  con- 
firms the  rights  of  the  United  States.  Still,  in  some  of  the 
details  the  treaty  is  in  favor  of  Canada.  The  chief  point  at 
issue  was  whether  Canada  should  have  one  or  more  outlets 
upon  tide-water  on  the  Lynn  Canal  or  any  of  the  other 
ginuosities  that  cut  into  the  lisiere.  That  important  question 
is  now  settled  definitely  against  Canada  by  the  judgment  of 
Lord  Alverstone,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England,  who 
voted  \\'ith  the  three  American  Commissioners,  thus  insuring^ 
to  the  United  States  a  continuous  unbroken  Usihe  on  the 
mainland  above  the  Portland  Channel.  Lord  Alverstone 
showed  by  his  vote  that  he  was  convinced  by  the  over- 
whelming mass  and  force  of  the  evidence. 

When  it  is  remembered  that  the  claims  of  Canada  rested 
upon  no  evidence  whatever,  it  is  perfectly  clear  that  she 
made  substantial  gains  by  the  award;  it  was  in  truth  a 
diplomatic  compromise.  Li  some  places,  as,  for  example, 
on  the  Stikine  River,  the  eastern  frontier  of  the  lisiere  was 
brought  by  the  award  too  near  to  tide-water,  all  of  which 
redounds  to  the  advantage  of  Canada.  In  addition,  brushing 
aside  that  well-recognized  rule  of  International  Law  known 
as  the  Thalweg  ^  that  since  Grotius  has  obtained  in  finding 

'  "Principea  du  Droit  des  Gens,"  par  Alphonse  Rivier,  Paris,  189C, 
Vol.  I.  pp.  167,  168. 


The  Alaska  Adjudication.  179 

the  water  boundary  between  two  neighboring  states;  the 
charts  of  the  British  Admiralty,  and  consequently  tlie 
]>ritish  government  itself;  and  ofhcial  Canadian  maps;  the 
Adjudication  Board,  the  three  Americans  concurring,  gave 
to  Canada  Pearse  and  Wales  Islands,  which  rightfully 
belonged  to  the  United  States. 

At  first  sight  the  possession  of  these  two  islands  by 
Canada  seems  of  small  importance.  But  their  geographical 
position,  immediately  facing  Port  Simpson,  gives  them, 
although  the  United  States  retains  the  two  small  outward 
islands  of  Kannaghunut  and  Sitklan,  an  important  strategic 
value,  for  Port  Simpson  will  become  the  natural  Pacific  ter- 
minus of  the  new  Canadian  transcontinental  railroad. 
Canada,  ^^'ith  Pearse  and  Wales  Islands  in  her  possession, 
will  have  the  strategic  control  of  Portland  Channel,  and 
can,  of  course,  build  at  Port  Simpson  another  naval  strong- 
hold like  Halifiix  on  the  Atlantic  and  Esquimalt  on  the 
Pacific,  and  from  it  menace  our  developing  trade  across  the 
Pacific  with  Alaska  and  Asia. 

In  giving  up  Pearse  and  Wales  Islands  to  Canada,  the 
American  Commissioners  were  anxious  apparently  to  soothe 
Canada  as  much  as  possible.  But  when  they  let  her  have 
these  two  islands,  they  might  just  as  well  have  given  up 
Sitklan  and  Kannaghunut  Islands,  for,  as  the  London  Times 
justly  remarked  on  October  27, 1903,  the  "  two  latter  islands 
have  together  an  area  of  some  eight  square  miles  only  and 
are  in  themselves  of  no  importance  whatever.  It  has  been 
f-uggested,  however,  that  they  hold  the  command  of  Port 

"ITalleck's  International  Law,"  third  edition,  revised  by  Sir  Sherston 
Baker,  Bart.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  Barrister-at-Law,  London,  1893, 
Vol.  I.  p.  17L 

"Das  Moderne  Volkerrecht  der  Civilisirteq  Staten  als  Eechtsbuch 
Dargestellt,"  von  Dr.  J.  C.  Bluntrfchli,  Nordlingen,  1878,  sections  298, 
801,  and  303. 

Concerning  the  historic  development  of  the  rule  of  the  Thalweg,  see 
Ihe  article  of  Judge  Ernest  Nys,  of  Brussels,  in  the  "Revue  de  Droit 
Inttriihtional"  (Brussels,  1901,  p.  76),  entitled  "  Eivieres  et  fleuvea 
fionti^res— La  Ligne  M^diane  et  le  Thalweg — un  Aperju  historique." 


180  The  Alaska  Adjudication. 

Simpson.  ...  A  glauce  at  the  map  \nll  sliow  that  this  is 
not  the  case.  Sitklan  IsLind  is  distant  some  fifteen  miles  from 
the  port,  whereas  Wales  Island  extends  some  live  miles  nearer 
to  it  and,  being  situated  on  the  flank  of  a  line  drawn  from  Port 
Simpson  to  Sitklan,  would  effectually  neutralize  any  stratecric 
importance  which  the  latter  island  would  possess.  As  regards 
vessels  sailing  from  Port  Simpson  in  the  direction  of  Asia, 
which  would  pass  north  of  Dundas  Island,  this  island,  which 
is  British,  commands  the  passage,  and  the  two  islands  awarded 
to  the  United  States  confer  on  them  no  advantage  which  they 
did  not  have  already  by  their  possession  of  Cape  Fox.  The 
channel  north  of  the  two  islands  (Sitklan  and  Kannaghunut), 
which  is  commanded  by  them  and  by  the  other  side  of  the 
channel,  has  no  commercial  importance;  all  trafhc  passes 
along  the  broader  channel  to  the  south  of  AYales  Island." 

The  Alaska  frontier  question,  had  our  Co'ngress  in  the 
past  heeded  the  sage  advice,  first  of  President  Grant  in 
1872,  and  then  of  President  Cleveland  in  1885,  could  have 
been  settled  quietly  without  engendering  any  of  the  bitter- 
ness that  has  since  been  aroused  over  it  in  Canada,  and 
without  giving  up  Pearse  and  Wales  Islands.  But  now  that 
this  dangerous  frontier  question,  which  should  never  have 
been  brought  forward  in  the  manner  that  it  was,  is  in  a 
large  measure  out  of  the  way,  let  us  hope  sincerely  that 
both  the  United  States  and  the  Canadian  governments  will 
bring  about  a  commercial  rapprochement — always  a  solid 
bond  of  peace — between  the  two  countries,  and  thus  aid  to 
establish  an  entente  cordiale  between  them.  And  towards 
this  end  the  sooner  negotiations  are  carried  on  directly 
between  Washington  and  Ottawa,  instead  ol  by  the  round- 
about and  cumbersome  way  of  Downing  Street,  the  better — 
as  Monsieur  Henri  Bourassa,  a  grandson  of  Papineau,  the 
leader  of  the  French  Canadians  in  1837,  clearly  and  forcibly 
showed  in  a  notable  speech  on  October  23,  1903,  in  the 
Parliament  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada^ — for  the  develop- 

^  "House  of  Commons  Debates,"  Third  Session,  Ninth  Parliament, 
Vol.  XXXVI..  October  23,  1903. 


The  Alaska  Adjudication.  181 

inenl  and  maintenance  of  cordial  relations  between  the  two 
nntions.  As  all  the  chief  political  men  of  Canada,  botli 
English  and  French,  agree  with  Monsieur  Bourassa  in  this, 
{•robably  one  of  the  results  of  the  Alaska  frontier  decision 
will  be  that  Canada  will  have,  before  many  years  are  past, 
liCr  own  representative  agent  at  ^Yashington.  And  the 
more  we  Americans — and  bj  Americans  are  meant  all  who 
live  in  the  Xew  World  from  the  Xorth  Pole  to  Cape  Horn 
— can  live  on  friendly  terms  \v\i\\  one  another  the  better 
for  all  concerned. 

Compare  also  "Henri  Bourassa,  M.P.,  Grande-Bretagne  et  Canada 
—Questions  Actuelles  ;  Conference  au  Theatre  National  Fran^ais,  Mon- 
UM,  Le  20  Octobre,  1901,"  Montreal,  Imprimerie  du  Pionnier,  33-35 
rue  Bt.  Gabriel. 


182  Mrs.  Man/  Dcwees^s  Journal,  17S7-17S8. 


MES.  :MARY  DEWEES'S   JOUENAL    FEOM   PHILADEl;- 
PHIA  TO  KE^^TUCKY,  1787-1788. 

CONTRIBUTED    BY    SAMUKL    P.    COCHRAN. 

September  27ll,  17S7.—l.Qii  rhiladelphia  about  five  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon  and  tore  ourselves  from  a  number  of  dear 
friends  that  assembled  to  take  a  last  farewell  before  we  set 
off  for  Kentucky.  Made  our  first  stage  6  miles  from  the 
City,  being  very  eick  the  greatest  part  of  the  way. 

September  £8th.—We  left  the  sign  of  the  Lamb  at  half 
past  six  A.  M.  and  proceeded  to  Col.  Webster's,  7  miles, 
where.we  breakfasted,  and  then  set  off  for  the  United  States, 
which  we  reached  at  5  o'clock  P.  M.,  and  put  up  for  the 
night  on  account  of  my  sickness  which  was  excessive,  being 
obliged  to  go  to  Bed  immediately. 

September  29th. — Left  the  United  States  and  arrived  at  the 
Waggon  40  miles  from  Philadelphia,  that  place  which  con- 
tains so  many  valued  friends.  Sister  and  the  Children  very 
hearty,  the  Childi-en  very  diverting  to  all  but  poor  Maria, 
who  was  sick  as  it  was  possible  to  be.  AYe  took  up  our 
lodging  at  the  Compass. 

September  SOth. — Left  the  Compass  and  reached  the  Hat 
at  10  o'clock  A.  M.,  much  better  than  I  was.  Lost  all  the 
fine  prospects  the  first  day  owdng  to  my  sickness,  which  was 
excessive,  being  obliged  to  be  led  from  the  Waggon  to  the 
bed  and  from  the  bed  to  the  Wairo-on. 

October  1st. — Crossed  the  Conestogo,  a  good  deal  uneasie 
for  fear  my  sickness  should  return,-^the  Conestogo  is  a 
beautiful  creek  ^vith  fine  prospects  around  it.  After  refresh- 
ing ourselves  we  took  a  walk  up  the  Creek  and  I  think  I 
never  saw  a  more  beautiful  prospect.  You  can't  imagine 
how  I  long'd  for  you  my  friends  to  join  our  little  Party  and 
to  be  partakers  of  the  Beauties  of  ITature  that   now  sur- 


^frs.  Mary  Deicces's  Journal,  17S7-17SS.  183 

romulcd  us.  We  are  seated  beneath  the  shade  of  iuter- 
iiiinghiig  trees,  that  grow  reeling  o'er  the  creek  and  entirely 
filiadc  us  from  the  noonday  sun.  Several  since  I  sat  here 
have  crossed,  some  on  horse  back  others  in  boats,  whilest  a 
fall  of  water  at  a  little  distance  adds  dignity  to  the  scene 
and  renders  it  quite  romantic.  As  the  sun  was  setting  we 
ro<le  through  Lancaster,  a  Beautiful  inland  town,  with  some 
Elegant  Houses  in  it.  I  was  quite  delighted  with  the  view 
we  have  from  the  Corner  of  the  street  where  the  prison 
Ptands  of  the  Upper  part  of  the  town,  which  at  once  pre- 
sents to  your  sight  a  sudden  rise  with  houses,  trees,  and 
gardens,  on  either  side,  that  has  a  very  pleasant  eifect. 

October  2d. — Tho'  but  a  few  days  since  my  friends  con- 
cluded I  could  not  reach  Kentucky^,  will  you  believe  me 
wlicn  I  tell  you  I  am  setting  on  the  Bank  of  the  Susque- 
hanah,  and  can  take  my  bit  of  ham  and  Biscuit  with  any 
of  them. 

"Eeturning  health  has  made  the  face  of  nature  gay, 
Given  beauty  to  the  sun  and  pleasure  to  the  day." 

Just  cross'd  the  river  in  company  with  Mrs.  Parr  and  her 
daughter;  not  the  least  sick.  "What  gratitude  is  owing 
from  me  to  the  great  Author  of  nature,  who  in  so  short  a 
tinie  has  restored  me  from  a  state  of  Languishment  and 
Mi.sery  to  the  most  enviable  health. 

October  Sd. — Passed  through  York  Town,  a  pretty  little 
town,  and  lodged  about  a  mile  from  that  place. 

October  4-t^i. — This  day  we  rode  through  Abbotstown,  a 
trilling  place;  lind  the  roads  much  better  from  Lancaster 
upwards  than  from  Philadelphia  to  Lancaster.  Reached 
llunterstown,  113  miles,  expect  to-morrow^  to  cross  the 
South  Mountain;  w^eather  exceedingly  pleasant. 

October  5th. — Left  Hunters  Town  and  proceeded  to  the 
Mountain,  which  we  began  to  climb  about  10  o'clock, 
sometimes  riding  sometimes  walking;  find  the  roads  much 
better  in  places  than  we  expected ;  tho'  in  others  excessive 
Stony — the  length  which  is  ten  miles  renders  it  very  tedious. 


184  Mrs.  Mary  Dcwces's  Journal,  17S7-178S. 

Oblidgenly  favored  with  good  weather.  We  have  halted 
on  the  top  of  the  Mountain  to  refresh  ourselves  and  horses. 
This  afternoon  descended  the  west  side,  find  it  much  worse 
than  the  last  side,  the  road  in  places  for  a  mile  in  length  so 
very  stony  that  you  can  scarce  see  the  earth  between ;  tho' 
at  other  places  beautifully  watered  by  fine  springs.  Took 
up  our  lodging  at  the  foot  of  the  Mountain,  the  people  very 
mdl,  the  house  right  Kentucky. 

October  6th. — Left  the  foot  of  the  Mountain,  crossed  the 
Falling  Spring  and  proceeded  to  Chambersburgh,  a  hand- 
some little  Town  with  some  pretty  stone  and  brick  Build- 
ings in  it.  After  passing  the  Town  we  crossed  the  Falling 
Spring  again,  one  of  the  finest  Springs  in  this  part  of  the 
world,  by  which  several  mills  in  this  neighborhood  are 
turned.  Obliged  to  stop  sooner  than  usual,  one  of  our  horses 
being  Lame,  find  the  people  a  good  deal  shy,  at  first,  but 
after  a  little  while  very  sociable  and  Obliging ;  treated  with 
some  very  fine  Apples  which  begin  to  grow  very  scarce  witli 
us.  I  am  much  afraid  we  shall  be  like  the  Children  of 
Israel — long  for  the  garlick  and  onions  that  your  city 
abounds  with. 

October  7th. — Set  ofi;"  for  the  Xorth  Mountain,  which  v/e 
find  so  bad  we  are  Obliged  to  foot  it  up,  and  could  compair 
ourselves  to  nothing  but  a  parcel  of  goats  climbing  up  some 
of  the  "Welch  Mountains  that  I  have  read  of.  Sally  very 
desirous  to  know  whether  this  Mountain  is  not  the  one 
that's  in  Mr.  Adgate's  song.  Find  this  the  most  fatiguing 
days  Journey  we  have  had,  the  roads  so  very  bad  and  so 
very  steep,  that  the  horses  seem  ready  to  fall  backwards. 
In  many  places,  you  would  be  surprised  to  see  the  Children, 
Jumping  and  Skiping,  sometimes  quite  out  of  sight,  some- 
times on  horseback  sometimes  in  the  Waggon,  so  you  see 
we  have  variety,  tho'  sometimes  would  very  %villingly  dis- 
pence  with  some  of  it.  Believe  me  my  dear  friends,  the 
Bight  of  a  log  house  on  these  Mountains  after  a  fatiguing 
days  Journey  aftbrds  more  real  pleasure  than  all  the  magnifi- 
cent buildings  your  city  contains.     Took  up  our  lodging  at 


Mrs.  Mary  Dcwees's  Journal,  17S7-17S8.  185 

t}ie  foot  of  the  jMountain  and  met  with  very  good  enter- 
t.vininent. 

O-tubar  S(h. — Left  the  foot  of  the  moimtahi  and  crossed 
Scrub  hill,  which  is  very  bad  indeed.  I  had  like  to  forgot 
!'i  ttll  you,  I  have  lost  my  Children,  don't  be  concerned  for 
the  loKs,  for  they  are  still  in  the  family;  the  Inhabitants  of 
tills  Country  are  so  cruel  as  to  deprive  me  of  them,  but  they 
were  kind  enough  to  give  them  to  Sister  Rees,  and  I  am  a 
Mita  from  Philadelphia.  You  may  rest  Assured  I  don't 
Uike  the  trouble  to  undeceive  them,  unless  Sally  (as  she 
oiXcn  does)  Crys  out  where's  my  Mar.  The  Children  are 
very  hearty  and  bear  fatigue  much  better  than  we  do,  tho' 
I  think  we  all  do  wonderfull.  You  would  be  astonished  to 
fee  the  roads  we  have  come,  some  of  which  seems  impassible. 
Kachel  mostly  passes  half  the  day  in  Spelling,  and  Sally  in 
Singing;  every  house  we  stop  at  she  inquires  if  it  is  not  a 
Kentucky  house,  and  seldom  leaves  it  'till  she  informs  them 
fhe  is  a  Kentucky  Lady. 

October  9th. — Crossed  Sidling  hill  and  were  the  greatest 
l?.vi  of  the  day  in  proforming  the  Journey, — the  roads  being 
to  excessive  Steep,  sidling  and  Stony,  that  it  seemed  impos- 
sible to  get  along.  We  were  obliged  to  walk  the  greatest 
part  of  the  way  up,  tho'  not  without  company ;  there  was 
live  waggons  with  us  all  the  morning  to  diflerent  parts. 
Iliis  night  our  difficulties  began;  we  were  obliged  to  put 
tip  at  a  Cabin  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  perhaps  a  dozen  logs 
upon  one  another,  with  a  few  slabs  for  a  roof,  and  the  earth 
for  a  floor,  and  a  Wooden  Chimney  Constituted  this  ex- 
traordinary Ordinary.  The  people  very  kind  but  amazing 
<iirty.  There  was  between  twenty  and  thirty  of  us;  all  lay 
<^n  the  floor,  except  Mrs.  Rees,  the  Children  and  your  Maria, 
>*ho  by  our  dress  or  address  or  perhaps  both,  were  favored 
v-'Jth  a  bed,  and  I  Assure  you  that  we  thought  ourselves 
lucky  to  escape  being  fleaed  alive. 

0^:tuber  JOth.~ Alter  Breakfasting  at  this  clean  house,  set 
<:»«■  for  Bedford.  On  our  way  crossed  the  Juniata,  pa.ssed 
through  Bedford,  a  small  country  town,  some  parts  of  the 


186  Mrs.  Mavy  Dewccs's  Journal,  17S7-17S8. 

road  very  bad  and  some  of  it  very  pleasant.  For  a  con- 
siderable distance,  we  travelled  along  the  Juniata,  which  I 
thought  very  pretty.  We  put  up  at  a  house  where  we  were 
not  made  very  welcome,  but  like  travellers  we  learned  to 
pass  a  few  sour  looks  unoticed. 

October  11th. — Set  oft"  for  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  which 
we  began  to  ascend  in  the  afternoon ;  found  it  as  good  as 
any  part  of  our  Journey.  We  ascend  in  the  waggon,  not 
without  fear  and  trembling,  I  assure  you.  We  got  about 
six  miles  and  fell  in  with  a  French  Gentleman  and  his  family 
going  to  Pittsburgh;  we  all  put  up  at  a  little  hut  on  the 
Mountain,  which  was  so  small  that  we  prefFerred  lodging  in 
our  waggon  to  be  crowded  ^\^th  Frenchmen  and  negroes  on 
an  earthen  floor. 

October  12th. — And  pretty  comfortably  arrived  at  the  top 
of  the  Cloud  cap't  Alleghany.  It  was  really  aA\'fully  pleas- 
ing to  behold  the  clouds  arising  between  the  mountains  at 
a  distance;  the  day  being  drisly  and  the  air  very  heavy, 
rendered  the  clouds  so  low  that  we  could  scarce  see  fifty 
yards  before  us.  This  Evening  got  off  the  Mountain,  it 
being  twenty  miles  across.  We  passed  through  Burlain,  a 
small  town ;  as  the  Election  was  held  at  this  place,  we  could 
not  be  accomodated;  proceeded  to  a  Dutch  house  in  the 
Glades,  where  we  were  kindly  entertained. 

October  13th. — Proceeded  to  Laurel  Creek  and  Ascended 
the  hill.  I  think  this  and  many  more  of  the  scenes  we  have 
passed  through,  we  have  seen  Nature  display'd  in  her 
greatest  undress,  at  other  times  we  have  seen  her  dress'd 
Beautiful,  beyond  expression.  The  road  excessive  bad, 
some  of  the  Land  fine.  The  Timber  Excellent,  and  grows 
to  an  Amazing  heighth,  the  Generality  of  it  from  60  to 
60  feet  high.  The  day  by  reason  of  the  Badness  of  the 
roads,  could  not  reach  a  stage,  the  hill  being  20  miles 
across  and  our  horses  a  good  deal  tired.  We  in  Company 
^^^th  another  waggon  were  obliged  to  Encamp  in  the  woods, 
after  a  Suitable  place,  at  a  Convenient  distance  from  a  run 
of  water  was  found,  a  level  piece  of  ground  was  pitched  upon 


Mrs.  Mary  Dcwces's  Journal,  17S7-17SS.  187 

for  our  encami)meiit.  Our  men  went  to  give  refreshment 
t.)  the  Horses,  we  Females  bav-ing  had  a  good  fire  made  up, 
-ct  about  preparing  Supper,  winch  consisted  of  an  Excellent 
dish  of  Cofl'ee,  hax-ing  milk  with  us,  those  who  chose  had  a 
(IJHh  of  cold  ham  and  pickled  beets  with  the  addition  of 
lircad,  Butter,  Biscuit  and  Cheese,  made  up  our  repast. 
After  supper,  Sister,  the  Children,  and  myself  took  up  our 
loJ<,nng  in  the  waggon,  the  men  with  their  Blankets  laid 
down  at  the  fire  side.  The  w^nd  being  high  with  some 
rain,  disturbed  our  repose  until  near  daylight,  when  we 
could  have  enjoyed  a  comfortable  nap,  had  we  not  been 
obliged  to  rise  and  prepare  breakfast,  which  we  did  on 

October  14-th. — Set  out  for  Chesnut  Ridge,  horrid  roads 
and  the  stoniest  land  in  the  world  I  believe;  every  few 
hundred  yards,  rocks  big  enough  to  build  a  small  house 
upon.  We  arrived  at  Chenys  Mill  towards  the  middle  of 
the  day  and  parted  with  our  Company.  Chenys  mill  is  a 
beautiful  situation,  or  else  the  scarcity  of  such  places  makes 
U3  think  it  more  so  than  it  really  is.  We  were  overtaken 
by  a  family  who  was  going  our  way,  which  renders  it  more 
Agreeable  travelling  than  by  ourselves.  I  think  by  this 
time  we  may  call  ourselves  Mountain  proof.  At  the  close 
of  the  day,  we  arrived  at  a  house  and  thought  it  prudent  to 
[lut  up  for  the  night.  The  people  are  Scotch-Irish,  exceed- 
ingly kind  but  surprisingly  dirty,  we  concluded  (as  the 
Company  that  was  with  us  made  up  18  besides  the  family) 
to  lodge  in  our  waggon  which  we  did.  It  rained  very  hard 
in  the  night,  but  we  laid  pretty  comfortably. 

October  Joth.—A^QT  Breakfast  we  sat  oflE"  for  Miller-Tovni. 
You  would  be  surprised  to  see  the  number  of  pack  horses 
^vhich  travel  these  roads,  ten  or  twelve  in  a  drove.  In 
going  up  the  North  mountain,  Betsy  took  it  into  her  head 
to  ride  a  horse  back,  and  Daddy  undertook  to  escort  her 
on  his.  In  a  narrow  path,  at  the  edge  of  a  very  steep  place, 
they  met  with  a  company  of  packers,  when  her  horse  took 
it  into  his  noddle  not  to  stir  one  foot,  but  stood  and  received 
a  thump  behind  from  every  pack  that  pass'd,  and  v/liilst 


188  Mrs.  Mary  I)ewc<:s's  Journal,  J7S7~77SS. 

Betsy  was  in  a  slate  of  the  greatest  trepidation,  cxijcrr- 
ing  every  rnomeut  to  be  thrown  from  •  her  horse,  lur 
GalLant  instead  of  living  to  lier  assistance  stood  laui^hini: 
ready  to  kill  himself  at  the  fiin;  but  the  poor  girl  rcallv 
looked  pitiable.  We  put  up  at  a  poor  little  Cabin,  the  pGt>- 
ple  very  kind,  which  compensates  for  every  Inconvenience. 

October  IGth. — Mr.  Dewees  and  my  brother  rode  about 
13  miles  to  McKee's  ferry  to  see  how  the  waters  are,  as  we 
are  apprehensive  they  are  too  low  to  go  down  the  river. 
The  weather  still  fine. 

October  17th. — Left  our  little  Cabin  and  proceeded  to 
McKee's  ferry,  where  we  staid  two  days  in  a  little  hut,  not 
half  so  good  as  the  little  building  at  the  upper  end  of  your 
garden,  and  thought  ourselves  happy  to  meet  with  so  com- 
fortable a  dwelling. 

October  IStJi. — Our  boat  being  ready,  we  set  oft'  for  the 
river  and  arrived  there  at  12  o'clock  and  went  on  board 
immediately.  She  lay  just  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Youghiogeny  which  empties  into  the  Monongahela.  At 
2  o'clock  we  push'd  down  the  river  very  slowly;  intend 
stopping  at  Fort  Pitt,  where  we  expect  to  meet  the  waggon 
with  the  rest  of  our  Goods.  Our  Boat  resembles  iSToah's 
Ark  not  a  httle.  At  Sun  Set  got  fast  on  Braddock's  upper 
ford,  where  we  staid  all  that  night  and  'till  10  o'clock  the 
next  day. 

October  19th.. — With  the  assistance  of  some  people  that 
was  coming  up  in  a  flat  we  got  off.  The  water  very  low. 
I  am  much  afraid  we  shall  have  a  tedious  passage.  Our 
boat  is  40  foot  long;  our  room  16  by  12  with  a  Comfortable 
fire  place;  our  Bed  room  partitioned  off  with  blankets,  and 
far  preferable  to  the  Cabins  we  met  with  after  we  crossed  the 
mountains.  We  are  clear  of  fleas,  which  I  assure  you  is  a 
great  relief,  for  we  were  almost  devoured  when  on  Shore. 
The  Monongahela,  with  the  many  colored  woods  on  each 
side,  is  Beautiful,  and  in  the  Spring  must  be  delightful. 
We  are  now  longing  for  rain  as  much  as  we  dreaded  it  on 
the  Land,  for  it  is  impossible  to  get  down  until  the  water 


Mrs.  Marii  Dcwces's  Journal,  17S7-17SS.  189 

ml'fs*.  AVo  live  entirely  ludependaiit,  and  with  that  there  is 
ft  pleasure  which  Dependants  can  never  be  partakers  of. 
W'q  are  all  very  hearty,  nor  have  I  had  the  least  sign  of 
S;.'knc.-s  since  I  came  on  board.  Zvfay  I  ever  retain  a  grate- 
;  Ml  sense  of  the  Obligation  due  to  the  great  Creator  for  his 
ALM.-izing  goodness  to  me,  especially,  who  had  every  rea.son 
Iroin  the  first  of  the  Journey  to  fear  quite  the  reverse.  About 
3  o'clock  we  passed  the  field  (just  about  Turtle  Creek) 
ulicre  Braddock  fought  his  famous  battle  with  the  French 
&;.(!  Indians,  and  soon  after  got  fast  on  the  lower  ford,  but 
j-y  the  agility  of  our  men  soon  got  ofl^.  The  river  about  a 
Quarter  of  a  mile  across.  Sammy  and  Johnny  gone  ashore 
f.-T  milk. 

Oy'iober  20th. — Rose  as  soon  as  our  men  had  prepared  a 
p>c>d  fire,  got  Breakfast,  and  Mr.  Dewees  set  off"  for  McT'Tee's, 
where  we  left  the  horses  on  account  of  the  waters  being 
l-'-.v;  expect  to  reach  Pittsburgh  to-night.  Just  opposite 
!!;e  hill  where  General  Grant  fought  his  battle  with  the 
K.'-cncli  and  Indians  who  were  in  possession  of  fort  Pitt  at 
that  time.  As  the  sun  was  setting  had  in  sight  the  Coal 
Hill  and  ferry  house  opposite  Pittsburgh ;  this  hill  is  amaz- 
ing huge  and  affords  a  vast  deal  more  coal  than  can  be  con- 
tamed  in  that  place; — what  a  valuable  acquisition  it  would 
>•<:  near  your  City. 

October  21st. — We  are  now  laj-ing  about  a  mile  from  Pitts- 
l''jrgh,  and  have  received  several  in\itations  to  come  on 
*hore.  We  have  declined  all,  as  the  trunks  with  our  clothes 
J«  not  come  up,  and  we  in  our  travelling  dress,  not  fit  to 
f'ake  our  appearance  in  that  gay  place.  Just  received  an 
"•■'vitation  from  the  French  Lady  we  travelled  part  of  the 
« ay  with  to  come  up.  Mr.  Tilton  call'd  on  us  with  Mrs. 
ii' Jon  8  Compliments,  would  be  happy  to  have  us  to  tea; 
«*"  left,  and  three  French  gentlemen  and  an  Englishman 
t-Aiue  on  board  and  expressed  a  great  deal  of  pleasure  to 
♦'^'--  u=>  eo  comfortably  situated.  In  the  afternoon  Mr.  and 
-ir<*,  O'llarra  waited  on  us  and  insisted  on  our  going  to 
•*j'-ir  house,  which  in  Compliance  to  their  several  invitations 


190  Mrs.  Mary  Dcicics's  Journal,  17S7-178'S. 

we  were  obliged  to  accept,  and  find  them  very  polite  and 
agreeable;  we  staid  and  Supp'd  with  them,  nor  would  thev 
sutler  us  to  go  on  board  while  we  Continued  at  this  jdaf  e. 

October  23d. — Mrs.  O'llarra  waited  on  us  to  ^[rs.  TiltonV, 
to  Mrs.  i^ancarrow's  and  Mrs.  Odderong's,  and  engaged  t<> 
tea  with  Mrs.  Tilton.  Col.  Butler  and  his  lady  waited  (.u 
us  to  the  Boat,  was  much  delighted  with  our  Cabin,  took  a 
bit  of  Biscuit  and  Cheese  with  a  glass  of  wine  and  then 
returned  to  dine  at  Capt.  O'PIarra's.  Spent  the  afternoon 
at  Mrs.  Tilton's  with  a  roomfull  of  Company,  and  received 
several  invitations  to  spend  our  time  with  the  Ladys  at  Pitt. 
Called  on  Mrs.  Butler  and  saw  a  very  handsome  parlour, 
elegantly  papered  and  well  furnished,  it  appeared  more- 
like  Philadelphia  than  any  I  have  seen  since  I  left  that 
place. 

October  23d. — Drank  tea  at  the  French  ladys  with  several 
ladys  and  gentlemen  of  this  place. 

October  Q^th. — The  Town  all  in  arms,  a  report  prevailed 
that  a  party  of  Indians  within  twenty  miles,  coming  to 
attack  the  Town.  The  drums  beating  to  Arms,  ^\^th  the 
Militia  collecting  from  every  part  of  the  Town,  has  I  assure 
you  a  very  disagreeable  appearance. 

October  25th. — Left  our  hospitable  friends  Capt.  O'llarra 
and  Lady  not  without  regret,  as  their  polite  and  friendly 
Entertainment  demands  our  utmost  gratitude ;  they  waited 
on  U3  to  the  boat  where  we  parted  forever.  Was  much  dis- 
appointed in  sending  our  letters  as  the  man  that  was  to  carry 
them  set  ofi"  before  the  Messenger  got  back  from  the  Boat. 
About  11  o'clock  A.  M.  drop'd  down  the  Ohio,  and  at  the 
distance  of  a  mile  and  a  half  had  a  full  view  of  Capt. 
O'llarra's  Summer  house  which  Stands  on  the  banks  of  the 
Alleghany  river,  which  runs  about  a  hundred  yards  from 
the  bottom  of  their  garden.  It  is  the  finest  situation  that 
I  ever  Saw ;  they  live  at  the  upper  end,  or  rather  out  of  the 
Town,  their  house  in  the  midst  of  an  Orchard  of  60  acres, 
the  only  one  in  that  place,  from  the  front  of  which  they 
have  a  full  view  of  the  Monongahela,  and  the  Ohio  rivers : 


^frs.  Mary  Bewecs's  Jour/ml,  1787-17SS.  191 

it  is  impossible  for  the  most  lively  imagination  to  paint  a 
pituation  and  prospects  more  delightful.  At  the  close  of  the 
(lav  got  to  the  lower  point  of  McKee's  Island,  where  we 
came  to  anchor  under  a  large  rock  nearly  60  feet  high 
having  the  appearance  of  just  falling  in  the  water;  on  one 
fide  in  a  large  smooth  place  are  engraved  a  number  of  names 
among  which  are  your  Eliza's  and  Maria's. 

October  26th  and  27th. — Staid  at  McKee's  island  waiting 
for  water,  which  is  too  low  to  go  down.  Took  a  walk  up 
tlic  hill  from  which  we  have  a  fine  prospect  of  both 
Hides  of  the  Island,  and  saw  an  Indian  grave  with  three 
others,  on  the  top  of  the  hill,  likewise  the  remains  of  an  old 
ftitrenchment  that  was  thrown  up  ye  last  Indian  war.  Saw 
three  boats  full  of  troops  going  up  to  Pittsburgh,  we  suppose 
they  are  going  up  for  provisions  for  the  garrison  below. 

October  28th. — Mr.  Dewees  and  Mr.  Shelby  went  up  to 
Pitts;  am  in  hopes  they  will  bring  some  intelligence  of  the 
warriors  that  went  out  against  the  Indians. 

October  29th. — Still  continue  at  the  Island  waiting  for 
water ;  had  the  pleasure  of  two  ladys  company  from  the 
Island,  who  gave  us  an  invitation  to  visit  them.  Had  a  very 
stormy  night  and  a  snow  of  two  or  three  inches. 

October  30th. — The  weather  much  in  our  favour,  it  rained 
all  day.  Sewing  and  reading,  and  when  the  weather  is  fine 
walking,  are  the  amusements  we  enjoy.  The  gentlemen 
pass  their  time  in  hunting  deer,  turkeys,  ducks,  and  every 
other  kind  of  wild  fowl,  with  w^hich  this  country  abounds. 
A  beautiful  doe  had  the  assurance  the  other  day  to  come 
half  way  down  the  hill  and  give  a  peep  at  us,  but  our 
hunters  being  out  escaped  being  taken ;  fishing  makes  up 
part  of  their  amusement. 

October  31st. — Still  in  hopes  of  the  waters  raising,  as  we 
had  snow  again  this  morning  and  a  prospect  of  rain  ; — this 
the  most  tedious  part  of  our  Journey  as  we  still  continue  in 
one  place. 

November  Ist. — The  weather  clear  and  cold  and  no  pros- 
pect of  the  water  raising.     Am  little  apprehensive  we  shall 


192  Mrs.  31ary  Dcwees's  Journal,  1787-17 88. 

have  to  winter  among  the  rocks.  You  can't  imagine 
how  I  want  to  sec  you  all,  often  do  I  indulge  myself  in 
fancy's  eye  at  looking  at  my  dear  friends  in  their  several 
families  and  wish  to  be  a  partaker  of  their  happiness.  Eli/.a 
too,  I  long  to  know  how  she  behaves  in  her  new  depart- 
ment; I  suppose  she  often  bridles  when  she  looks  at  mv 
Harriet  to  think  she  has  got  the  whip  hand  of  her. 

November  2d. — Went  over  to  the  Island  to  see  our  new 
acquaintance,  and  they  insisted  on  our  repeating  our  visitH. 
While  we  staid  a  man  came  in  that  was  wounded  by  the 
Indians  a  few  days  ago  about  20  miles  from  Pitt.  A  party 
of  Traders  were  surprised  by  them  in  the  night,  but  got  oti 
without  any  but  a  little  Blood  by  one  who  had  been  wounded 
in  the  head  with  a  tomahawk. 

November  3d. — Received  a  visit  from  three  French  gentle- 
men who  came  to  dine  with  us  on  board  the  boat. 

November  0t. — To-day  the  two  }*lr.  "Williams  came  to  in- 
vite us  to  their  house,  a  mile  from  this  place,  promising  to 
furnish  us  \vith  horses  and  saddles ;  but  we  declined  accepting 
their  invitation,  choosing  rather  to  continue  where  we  are 
'till  we  go  down  the  river. 

November  5th. — Mrs.  Hamilton  and  Miss  Conrad,  from  the 
Island,  called  on  us  to  take  a  walk  up  the  hill  to  gather 
grapes,  which  we  got  a  great  abundance  of. 

November  6th. — Brother  and  Mr.  Shelby  (one  of  our  pai>- 
sengers)  went  up  to  Pitt  to  procure  some  necessarys  for  ub. 

November  7th. — Dined  on  an  Excellent  pike,  had  the  com- 
pany of  the  three  French  gentlemen  before  mentioned  to 
dine  with  us ;  who  came  to  invite  us  to  a  Ball  held  at  Col. 
Butler's  where  thirty  ladys  and  gentlemen  were  to  assemble 
for  that  purpose.  It  is  hardly  worth  while  to  say  we  de- 
clined going,  as  it  was  out  of  our  power  to  dress  fit  at  this 
time,  to  attend  such  an  Entertainment  or  else  (you  know) 
should  be  happy  to  do  ourselves  the  honour. 

November  8th. — Had  several  gentlemen  to  dine  on  board 
the  Ark,  expecting  a  fire  hunt  of  some  deer,  which  keep 
about  200  yards  from  our  boat,  on  a  very  high  hill,  but  a 


Mrs.  Mary  Bewccs's  Journal^  17S7-17SS.  193 

thowor  of  rain  iu  the  night  disappointed  them,  rendering  the 
lr'i.«h  and  leaves  too  wet  for  that  purpose.  They  passed  the 
(i^y  in  Squirrel  hunting,  and  fishing  for  pike,  this  being 
\)ic  scjison  for  them.  I  saw  one  to-day  weighing  30  weight, 
l)jc  most  beautiful  fish  I  ever  saw. 

Soremhcr  9th. — Paid  a  second  visit  to  the  Island,  which 
l.iAps  us  in  hopes  of  rain. 

Suvanbcr  10th.— From  the  10th  to  the  18th  of  November, 
wo  passed  our  time  in  visiting,  and  recei\'ing  \'isits  on  board 
t<:ir  boat,  when  we  bid  adeau  to  the  Island  friends  and  pushed 
«'.,'\vn  the  Ohio.  Saw  a  small  Kentucky  Boat  go  down  yes- 
t*rday,  which  induced  us  to  set  oft'  as  the  water  has  risen 
Vu'  ver}'  little,  but  still  continues  to  rise  slowly.  Passed 
f.'it  Mcintosh  P.M.  and  got  fast  for  a  minute  on  one  of  the 
ripples. 

Xoranber  19th. — Passed  Backer's  fort  about  10  o'clock 
A.M.,  and  proceeded  down  the  Ohio;  a  very  beautiful  river; 
j';i~-icd  Yellow  which  runs  near  the  Indian  shore.  The 
f«u]ntry  very  hilly  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  in  places  a 
h:df  a  mile  wide,  in  other  places  much  narrower,  so  near  we 
*TC  to  the  Indian  Country  and  yet  think  ourselves  pretty  safe. 
The  wind  blowing  very  hard  and  being  contrary,  obliged  us 
'.'J  iHit  on  shore  65  miles  below  Pittsburgh,  and  the  boat 
t'/"--:jng  about  a  good  deal  occasioned  one  to  feel  a  little 
'i'ininish.  Betsy  Rees  was  so  sick  she  was  obliged  to  go  to 
^•'■d  ;  what  strange  reverses  there  are  in  life.  The  children 
arc  very  hearty  and  one  now  is  playing  with  Daddy  on  the 
♦^-■ro.  We  passed  fort  Steuben  and  the  Mingo  Bottom  in 
•"'^v  night.  We  should  have  got  up  to  see  the  fort,  but  the 
*  i^t'^li  told  us  we  could  see  nothing  as  it  w^as  cloudy.  The 
dirking  of  the  dogs  at  the  fort,  the  howling  of  wolves,  and 
*'•''  yelling  of  the  hunters  on  the  opposite-  shore,  was  a  little 
*'-!•' ming  at  first,  but  we  soon  got  reconciled  to  it. 

.\-A-fnibcr  20th. — Just  as  the  day  broke,  got  aground  on  a 

^»'».l  bar,  at  the  Beach  Bottom.    Just  at  that  time,  a  small 

'^♦::itiicky  Boat  that  was  ashore,  endeavored  to  alarm  us  by 

!-r..;iig  of  a  gun  and  accosting  us  in  the  Indian  tongue,  but 

vou  XXVIII.— 13 


194  Mrs.  Mary  JDcwccs's  Journal,  1787-17SS. 

our  people  could  just  discern  the  boat,  which  quieted  <.i;r 
fears.  At  sunrise  we  passed  by  i^Torris  Town,  ou  the  Iiuli.-in 
shore,  a  clever  little  situation,  with  ten  cabins  plascidly  >\{\\. 
ated.  Saw  another  Kentucky  Boat,  and  passed  by  AMieelii;::, 
a  place  where  a  Fort  was  kept  and  attacked  last  war.  'Tis 
pleasantly  situated  on  a  hill.  There  was  a  boat  and  a  good 
many  people  waiting  to  go  do^\^l  the  river.  An  excessive 
hard  gale  of  wind  obliged  us  to  put  to  shore.  After  the  wiml 
abated,  we  again  put  out  in  the  channel  and  were  obliged 
again  by  a  fresh  gale  to  put  to  shore  on  the  Indian  coast, 
which  caused  some  disagreeable  sensations,  as  it  is  not  long 
Bince  the  Indians  have  done  some  mischief  hereabouts. 
After  the  wind  lulled,  they  thought  proper  to  put  out  again, 
tho'  it  still  continued  to  rain  very  hard,  which  made  it  very 
dark  and  disagreeable,  as  it  was  impossible  to  discern  where 
the  rocks  and  ripples  lay ;  but  notv^nthstanding  all  the  ob- 
structions we  have  met  \vith,  have  gone  at  the  rate  of  fifty 
miles  in  the  twenty  four  hours.  Nor  have  I  felt  the  lea.-t 
sickness  since  the  first  gale,  tho'  we  have  been  tossed  about 
at  an  amazing  rate.  ^Nly  brother  has  just  come  ofl:'  the  watch 
and  tells  us  we  are  again  anchored,  tho'  on  the  opposite 
ehore.  The  weather  being  too  bad  to  proceed,  we  laid  all 
night  ashore.  It  still  continued  very  stormy ;  many  large 
trees  blew  down  on  the  bank ;  we  expected  every  moment 
the  boat  would  leave  her  anchor. 

November  21st. — The  ^vind  still  blowing  very  hard,  we 
staid  'till  one  o'clock,  when  we  again  put  out,  but  made  but 
little  progress,  the  ^^dnd  still  ahead.  Some  of  our  people 
went  ashore  and  brought  a  fine  \dld  Turkey.  Just  parsed 
Grave  Creek  12  miles  below  AVlieeling;  at  dark  passed 
Cappatana  Creek,  and  in  the  night  passed  Fishing  Creek. 

November  ^M— About  10  o'clock  A.M.  passed  Fish  Creek, 
being  the  largest  one  we  have  passed.  There  is  a  beautilul 
level  Bottom  on  each  side  which,  with  the  hills  on  hills, 
which  seem  to  surround  it,  must  render  it  truly  delightful 
in  the  summer  season,  when  the  woods  are  cloathed  in  their 
freshest  verdure.      About  12  o'clock  got   into    the   Long 


Mrs.  Mary  Dcurcs's  Journal,  17S7-17SS.  195 

Roach,  it  being  15  milc!^  long,  ten  out  ot  which  yon  may 
6C0  straight  forwards,  without  the  interruption  of  shore 
bends,  which  are  very  frequent  in  this  river.  The  diversity 
of  Mountains  and  Valleys ;  and  the  Creelvs  that  empty  into 
the  Ohio  on  both  sides,  ^vith  a  variety  of  beautiful  Islands 
in  tlje  river,  renders  it  one  of  the  most  beautiful  rivers  in 
the  AVorld. 

November  23d. — The  weather  hazy  but  calm.  Call'd  up 
by  the  watch  about  5  o'clock  A.M.,  to  look  at  fort  Musldn- 
gum,  but  it  being  hazy  could  discover  nothing  but  the  lights 
at  the  fort,  and  a  vast  body  of  cleared  land.  At  daybreak 
was  agreeably  serenaded  by  the  drums  and  fifes  at  the  fort 
beating  and  playing  the  Revele.  It  sounded  very  pleasing, 
tho  at  a  Considerable  distance.  At  10  o'clock  we  got  to  the 
Little  Kanawa;  halfpast  one  got  to  Little  Hocldiocking 
river ;  and  at  4  we  passed  the  Big  Hockhocking ;  a  little 
before  dark  got  opposite  Flyn's  old  Station,  a  clever  little 
place  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  with  a  large  corn  field  on 
each  side.  At  dark  came  to  Bell  well,  a  place  founded  by 
Mr.  Tilton,  late  of  Philadelphia.  'Tis  the  most  delightful 
eituation  I  have  seen  on  the  Ohio ;  there  are  about  a  dozeii 
enug  little  Cabins  built  on  the  bank,  in  which  families  re- 
side, ^vith  each  a  field  of  corn  and  a  garden,  with  a  small 
fort  to  defend  them  from  the  Savages.  This  settlement 
began  about  2  years  ago,  distant  from  Fort  Pitt  220  miles^ 
on  the  Virginia  shore. 

November  24.th. — Rose  about  6  o'clock  to  look  at  Latorch 
Falls,  which  are  very  rapid.  In  the  last  24  hours  have  come 
Bcventy  miles ;  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  a  doe  and  a  beau- 
tiful little  fawn  on  the  Indian  shore,  at  too  great  a  distance 
to  shoot  at.  The  variety  of  deer,  ducks,  turkeys  and  geese, 
\\ith  which  this  country  abounds,  keeps  us  always  on  the 
l'->ok  out,  and  adds  much  to  the  beauty  of  the  scenes  around 
^^.  Between  the  hours  of  six  and  eleven,  we  have  seen 
twelve  deer,  some  feeding  in  the  green  patches  that  are  on 
the  Bottoms,  some  drinking  at  the  river  side,  while  othera 
fct  the  eight  of  us  bound  through  the  woods  with  amazing 


196  Mrs.  Man/  Dcwces's  Journal,  17S7-1788. 

swiftness.  As  ^ye  rose  from  dinner  we  got  to  Campaio;n 
Creek,  the  place  that  General  Lewes  cross'd  when  he  went 
against  the  Indians,  this  hist  war.  Just  after  dark  came  to 
Point  Pleasant ;  the  moon  shining  very  bright  gave  us  an 
imperfect  view  of  tlie  beauties  of  this  place.  'Tis  built  on 
the  banks  of  the  Ohio,  and  at  the  point  of  Kanawa  River. 
At  the  point  stands  the  fort,  which,  in  the  time  of  the 
American  war,  was  attacked  by  the  Indians,  but  was  de- 
fended, and  they  driven  off  across  the  river  by  Genl.  Lewes, 
who  owns  a  vast  tract  of  land  at  this  place.  There  are  12  or 
15  houses,  besides  the  fort,  and  a  good  deal  of  cleared  Land 
about  it.  The  last  24  hours  brought  us  85  miles  further  on 
our  voyage. 

November  25th. — At  6  o'clock  A.M.  got  to  the  Guyaudot 
river,  but  not  being  called  up,  lost  the  sight  of  it.  You 
can't  imagine  how  much  I  regret  the  time  lost  in  sleep  ;  it 
deprives  me  of  seeing  so  many  of  the  beauties  of  nature. 
Just  as  we  were  going  to  breakfiist  we  came  to  a  small  river 
call'd  by  the  Indians  Quindot;  at  9  o'clock  came  to  Tweel  pool 
river,  and  soon  after  to  P)ig  Sandy  Creek,  on  the  other  side 
of  which  the  Kentucky  lands  begin.  At  3  o'clock  passed 
little  Sandy  river  30  miles  Below  big  Sandy.  Came  to  the 
Scioto  in  the  Evening.  Came  100  miles  this  day. 
-  November  S6th.— At  4  o'clock  A.M.  woke  up  by  a  hard  gale 
of  wind,  which  continued  until  breakfast  time,  when  we  had 
both  wind  and  tide  in  our  favour.  At  i  past  9  we  came  to 
the  Three  Islands  12  miles  from  Limestone;  at  i  past  one 
hove  in  sight  of  Limestone ;  at  3  o'clock  landed  safe  at  that 
place,  where  we  found  six  boats.  The  place  very  indifferent, 
the  landing  the  best  on  the  river ;  there  are  at  this  time 
about  100  people  on  the  bank  looking  at  us  and  enquiring 
for  their  friends.  We  have  been  nine  days  coming  from 
McKee's  Island,  three  miles  below  Pittsburgh. 

November  37th. — As  soon  as  it  was  light  my  brother  set 
off  for  Lexington  w-ithout  company,  which  is  far  from  safe, 
80  great  was  his  anxiety  to  see  his  family. 

November'  38th. — Left  Limestone  at  9  o'clock  there  being 


Mrs.  Mary  Dcirccs's  Journal,  1787-178S.  \  07 

30  o(Ul  boats  at  the  Landing,  the  chiefofwliich  arrived  since 
yesterday  3  o'clock.  We  got  to  a  little  town  call'd  ^Vash- 
inc:ton  in  the  evening,  where  we  stayed  and  lodged  at  Mr. 
Wood's  from  Philadelphia. 

Norcrnhcr  29th. — We  left  Washington  before  light,  and 
got  to  Mary's  Lick  at  12  o'clock ;  left  there  and  reached  the 
North  Fork  \vhere  we  encamped,  being  15  or  20  in  Com- 
pany. We  made  our  bed  at  the  fire,  the  night  being  very 
cold,  and  the  howling  of  the  wolves,  together  with  its  being 
the  most  dangerous  part  of  the  road,  kept  us  from  enjoying 
much  repose  that  night. 

November  29th. — Set  out  at  daylight  for  the  Blue  Licks, 
which  we  reached  at  12  o'clock;  took  a  walk  to  look  at  the 
palt  works  which  were  a  great  curiosity  to  us.  We  travelled 
about  seven  miles  further,  and  took  up  our  lodging  for  that 
night. 

November  30th. — AVas  agreeably  surprised  by  the  company 
of  Mr.  Eees  and  Mr.  Merrel,  who  came  out  to  meet  ue,  but 
having  taken  a  wrong  road,  missed  us  the  evening  before. 
We  reached  Grant's  Station  that  night,  where  we  lodged, 
and  on  the  first  of  December  arrived  at  Lexington,  being 
escorted  there  by  Mr.  Gordon  and  Lady,  who  came  out  to 
Bryan's  Station  to  meet  us.  We  were  politely  received  and 
welcomed  by  Mrs.  Coburn.  We  all  stay'd  at  my  brother's 
'till  the  11th  December,  when  Betsy  Bees  left  us  to  begin 
house  keeping,  her  house  not  being  ready  before. 

January  1st,  17S8. — We  still  continue  at  my  brother's  and 
have  altered  our  determination  of  going  to  Buckeye  farm, 
and  mean  to  go  down  to  South  Elkhorn  as  soon  as  the  place 
is  ready.  Since  I  have  been  here,  I  have  been  visited  by 
the  genteel  people  in  the  place,  and  received  several  in\nta- 
tions,  both  in  town  and  Country.  The  society  in  this  place  is 
very  agreeable,  and  I  flatter  myself  I  shall  see  many  happy 
days  in  this  country.  Lexington  is  a  clever  little  town  with 
ft  court-house  and  jail  and  some  pretty  good  buildings  in  it, 
chiefly  log.  My  abode  I  have  not  seen  yet;  a  description 
♦•f  which  you  shall  have  by  and  by. 


198  Mrs.  Mary  Dewccs's  Journal,  17S7-17SS. 

January  99th. — I  have  this  day  readied  Soutli  Elkliorn 
and  ara  much  pleased  with  it.  'Tis  a  snug  little  Cabin  about 
9  miles  from  Lexington,  on  a  pretty  ascent,  surrounded  bv 
sugar  trees;  a  beautiful  pond  a  little  distance  from  the 
house,  with  an  excellent  spring  not  far  from  the  door,  I 
can  assure  you  I  have  enjoyed  more  happiness  the  few  davs 
I  have  been  here  than  I  have  experienced  these  four  or  five 
years  past.  I  have  my  little  family  together  and  am  in  full 
expectations  of  seeing  better  days. 

M.  D. 


The  Furniture  of  Our  Ancestors.  199 


THE  FUENITURE  OF  OUK  ANCESTORS. 

(Concluded  from  page  83.) 

China  Tables. 
China    Tables,     plain   legs,     3    ft.     long,    bases, 

brackets,  fret  top   .         .         .     £4.10.0  — 

do               fret  frame            .         .         .         .  8.  0.0        £3.10.0 


Clothes  Presses. 

Clothes   Presses,  in    2    parts  ;    upper  part   4  ft. 

square,  door  hung  with  rule 

joints   and  sliding   shelves  ; 

lower  part  3  drawers,  inside 


Fire  Screens. 

Fire  Screen,  plain  feet £1.15.0  £1.5.0 

do            claw   feet 2.  2.6  1.12.6 

Dumb  Waiters. 

Dumb  Waiter,  4  tops,  plain  feet         .         .         .  £5.  0.0          

do            claw  feet 5.10.0          

do           leaves  on  knees    .         .         .         .  6.  0.0         


work  Red  Cedar          .         .  £15.   0.0 

£11.  0.0 

do 

one  part  without  drawers          .     12.  0.0 

8.   0.0 

(Add  for  pilch  pediments,  dentels,  fret  and  shield  £6.0.0) 

Corner  Cupboards. 

Corner  Cupboards 

,  in  2  parts,  7  ft.   high,  square 

head  and  straight  pannels     .     £9.10.0 

£6.10.0 

do 

with  common  sash  doors         .       9.10.0 

6.10.0 

do 

with  square  head,  dentels,  fret 

and    pannel    doors       .         .     10.10.0 

7.10.0 

do 

pediment    head,    dentels,    cor- 
nice  fret,   shield,    roses   and 

blazes,  plain  pannel  doors    .     15.   0.0 

10.10.6 

do 

with   Chinese  doors         .         .     15.10.0 

11.10.0 

Cradle. 
Cradle,  plain  without  carving     ....     £2.15.0      £1.10.   0 


200 


Tlie  Furniture  of  Our  Ancestors. 


Clock  Clisc^. 
Clock  Cases,  square  head  and  corners 

do  scroll  pediment  head,  without  dentel 

or  carved  corners 
do  column  corners        .         .         .         . 

do  fret,  dentels,  shield,  roses 


X6.   0.0        £4.  0.0 


8.  0.0 

5.  0.0 

10.  0.0 

7.  0.0 

12,  0.0 

9.  0.0 

Bedsteads. 
Bedsteads,  low  posts,  2  posts  Mahogany,  claw  feet, 

plain  knees     ..... 
high  posts,  all  Poplar  stained  except 

feet,  posts  of  Mahogany,  claw  feet, 

plain  knees    ..... 
Mahogany,  claw  feet,  plain  knees 
knees,  fluted  pillars,  part  carved 
Gothic  pillars  and  fret  on  feet     . 
Mahogany    Field    Bed    with    canopy 

rails       ...... 


do 


do 
do 
do 
do 


£2.   5.0 


0.0 
0.0 


10.   0.0 
10.10.0 


6.  0.0 


China  Trays. 

China  Trays,  fret  18x24  in £1.15.0 

Trays  for  pewter  18x24  in 1.  0.0 

do     for  knives  and  forks  15x9       .         .         .  0.10.0 


Tea  Boards. 
Tea  Boards,  scolloped  ©15''  per  in. 


do 


plain  turned  15  @  22  in.  ©  6d  per  in. 


Decanter  Stands,  lined,  5/  per  pair. 


Night  Table,  plain 


Night  Table. 


£4.  0.0       £3.  5.0 


Pmnsylvania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreciation  Paj.      201 


PENNSYLVANIA   SOLDIERS   OF   THE   REVOLUTION 
ENTITLED   TO   DEPRECIATION   PAY. 

(Concluded  from  page  59.) 

Accounts  of  Monies  paid  the  Officers  tf  privates  of  the  Seeond 
Penna.  Pegiment  at  Downingstown,  April  28,  1781,  being 
the  Id  part  of  the  Depreciation  due  them  respectively. 

Specie. 

£233.  0.0 

171.10.0 

157.  0.0 

100.15.0 

100.  0.0 

248.15.0 

110.  6.0 

40.15.0 

32.10.0 

27.10.0 

29.10.0 

27.15.0 

19.  5.0 

27.15.0 

29.10.0 

17.10.0 

19.10.0 

23.15.0 

29.10.0 

25.15.0 

20.15.0 

44.15.0 

29.10.0 

21.  5.0 

30.  5.0 


Benj.  Perry,  Surgeon 
Capt.  Joseph  AlcClellan 

"     Alexander  "VValkei 
Lieut.  John  Strieker    . 

"      Henry  D.  Purcell 
Lieut.  Coh  Caleb  North 
Lieut.  Enos  Reeves  . 
William  Phraner,  Serg' 
Stephen  Louden,  Corp' 
James  Allison,     private 
WilHam  Powers, 
John  Keaton, 
Matthew  Jerney, 
Robert  llanna, 
Patrick  Cross, 
Philip  Boyle, 
Valentine  Miller, 
Lieut.  John  Bell  Tilden 
John  Farmer,  private 

William  Williams,       " 
Michael  Kurtz,  " 

William  Murren,  Lieut.  &  Q.  M 
Ale.xander  Burke,  private 
WiUiam  Peterson,      " 
John  Sullivan,  " 


202      Pi 


Pennsylvania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreciation  Pay. 


Tliomas  Gilby,  private 

Arthur  Stewart,     " 

David  Crowley,      " 

John  M'Cloud,       <• 

Thomas  Madden,   <• 

David  Hauna,         " 

Mathins  Rcinliart,  " 

William  Laidlej,    " 

William  Rule,        " 

Conrad  Miller,        " 

James  Farewell,     " 

Ilenrv  Harpole,      <' 

John  Kelly,  " 

James  JN'eill,  Serg'    . 

Peter  Moyer,  private 

John  Smith,        " 

John  Gilbert,      " 

Robert  Harris,  Surgeon's  Mate 
Jesse  Moore,  Fifer 
James  Moore,  private 
John  Moore,  Drummer 
Samuel  Le  Count,  private 
Peter  Gabriel,  Serg' 
William  Murray,  Fifer 
Thomas  Wallace,  Q.  M.  Serg' 
Edward  Steen,  Drummer 
Philip  Kease     . 
John  Dallop,  Serg'    . 
William  Herring,  Drum  Major 
Samuel  Walker,  Drummer 
Barnet  Kenney,  Serg'    . 
Isaac  Garrison,  Drummer 
Mathias  Vantdruff,  private 
John  Johnston,  Serg:' 
Joseph  Dailey,       " 
James  Williamson,  Fife  Major 
Israel  Shraeder,  Serg' 


i:29.10.0 
30.10.0 
29.10.0 
28.  0.0 
29.10.0 

19.  5.0 
30.10.0 
29.10.0 

20.  5.0 
19.15.0 

27.  0.0 

28.  5.0 
29.10.0 
41.10.0 
27.  6.0 
20.15.0 
27.15.0 

139.  5.0 
32.10.0 
29.10.0 
28.15.0 

18.  5.0 
42.10.0 

19.  5.0 
41.15.0 

29.  5.0 
29.10.0 
43.  0.0 
39.  5.0 
21.  5.0 
41.  5.0 
10.15.0 
18.15.0 
41.10.0 
28.15.0 
36.  5.0 

9.  5.0 


Fennsyhania  Soldiers  entitled  to  Depreciation  Fay.      203 


John  Clack,  private 
Williajn  McDonald,  Serg' 
IMiilip  Smith,  private 
Peter  Gable,        " 
John  Close,  Serg*     . 
Christopher  O'Xeal,  private 
Thomas  Makon,  " 

Thomas  Armstrong,       " 
Andrew  Ralston,  Serg'  -  . 
Christian  Becker,  private 
^Villiara  Johnston,  Corp' 
Peter  Iloggan,  private 
Rodger  Moore,  Serg' 
James  Porter,      " 
Daniel  Johnston,  private 
George  Linn,  " 

Robert  Fausctt,  Serg' 
Samuel  Allen,  private 

Benjamin  Clifton,  " 

Jacob  Waggoner,  " 

Robert  Naggington,        " 
John  Anquitin,  " 

Charles  Carter,  " 

Benjamin  Tagg,  " 

Archibald  Murphy,  Serg' 
Hugh  Turk,  private 
Kvan  Holt,  Drummer 
Kli  Fielding,  private 
Thomas  Garvin,  Serg' 


Advanced  James  Moore  Esquire  for  the  pur- 
pose of  paying  off  the  Bounty  to  those  troops 
about  to  march  


£17.10.0 
29.10.0 
27.  5.0 
29.10.0 
32.  0.0 
17.15.0 
19.10.0 
21.15.0 
40.10.0 
29.10.0 
80.10.0 
32.  0.0 
41.10.0 
30.10.0 
29.10.0 
29.10.0 
32.10.0 
29.10.0 
29.10.0 

27.  5.0 
29.10.0 
22.10.0 
29.10.0 
20.  5.0 
41.10.0 

28.  0.0 
20.15.0 
10.  5.0 
32.15.0 

£3600.  0.0 


300.  0.0 


£3900.  0.0 


204  Alcjcande-r  Lmcson. 


ALEXANDER  LAW SON. 

BY   TOWNSEND   V.'ARD. 
[Eead  before  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  January  14,  1878.] 

Line  engraving,  which  it  is  feared  may  before  long  become 
a  lost  art,  was  introduced  into  Philadelphia  about  the  close 
of  the  last  century.  Among  the  first  of  such  engravers  was 
one  who  taught  himself  the  art  even  while  he  supported 
himself  by  it.  Xothing,  therefore,  can  be  more  proper  than 
to  give  some  account  of  one  whose  earnest  labors  in  the  face 
of  great  difficulties  were  crowned  with  considerable  success. 

Alexander  Lawson  was  born  on  the  19th  of  December, 
1772,  in  the  village  of  Ravenstruthers,  in  Lanarkshire,  Scot- 
land, on  the  farm  where  his  ancestors  had  lived  for  three 
hundred  years.  His  family  were  Calvinists,  and,  although 
not  conforming  to  their  views  in  after-hfe,  his  whole  career 
was  marked  by  the  elevated  morality  and  rigid  integrity  of 
his  early  training. 

He  says,  "  Trifling  circumstances  gave  me  an  early  love 
for  prints,  and  my  schoolmaster  drawing  a  little,  though  he 
gave  me  no  instruction  in  it,  increased  my  fondness,  so  that 
my  books  had  as  many  houses,  trees  and  birds  in  them  as 
sums." 

.  He  was  left  an  orphan  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  went  to 
Liverpool  with  the  intention  of  entering  into  mercantile  life 
with  an  elder  brother  already  established  there.  A  distaste 
for  the  purauit  soon  led  him  to  abandon  the  effort,  for  he 
writes, — 

"I  went  to  Manchester,  in  England,  when  sixteen.  A  print  store 
was  near  us,  where  some  of  the  first  prints  were  kept,  and  my  intimacy 
with  a  bookaeller,  who  showed  me  all  the  best  works  with  engravings, 
caused  me  to  become  enthusiastically  attached  to  the  art, 

"I  read  all  the  books  on  art  I  could  meet  with,  but  they  were  of  little 
use.     My  first  efforta  at  engraving  were  made  on  emooth  half-pennies 


Alexandn-  Lawson.  205 

iriOi  the  point  of  my  penknife,  .and  at  this  I  became  pretty  expert.  I 
*.>^u  afior  obtained  a  graver,  which  was  made  by  a  blacksmith  from  my 
tl-*.Tiption  of  the  instrument,  as  I  understood  it  to  be,  from  a  figure  I 
f.,und  in  a  book.  We  made  a  clumsy  aflair  of  it,  and  it  worked  very 
«::i'ly,  but  it  was  a  step  forward. 

"When  in  the  country,  where  I  often  wa«,  I  used  to  amuse  myself  of 
fcn  cvcninj^  in  ornamenting  the  pewter  tankard.out  of  which  I  drank  my 
«!c.  A  gentleman  who  called  on  me  about  three  years  ago  (after  I  had 
l-ccn  thirty-six  years  in  Americt)  told  me  that  when  in  the  West  Riding 
of  Yorkshire,  while  putting  up  at  an  inn,  he  happened  to  mention  that 
Ik-  was  going  to  the  United  States,  and  the  landlord  immediately  brought 
furward  a  tankard  of  my  ornamenting,  which  he  said  he  had  preserved 
carefully  ever  since  I  was  at  his  house,  and  intended  to  do  so  as  long  as 
he  lived. 

"  I  bought  a  graver  at  last.  I  had  points  made  for  etching,  and  tried 
ihat.  1  then  got  a  mezzotinto  tool  and  tried  that  mode  of  engraving.  I 
trietl  eveiything,  and  did  nothing  well,  for  want  of  a  little  instruction."  ' 

The  French  style  of  engraving  was  always  the  subject  oi 
Mr.  Lawson's  admiration,  and  imbued  with  a  strong  sym- 
j.athy  for  the  revolutionary  struggle  then  in  progress,  for 
what  he  vainly  hoped  would  secure  liberty  in  France,  he 
determined,  at  twenty  years  of  age,  to  seek  his  fortune  in 
that  country.  As  a  passage  could  not  be  obtained  from 
England  to  France,  he  sailed  for  the  United  States  and  landed 
at  i3altimore  on  the  14th  of  July,  1794,  after  a  passage  of 
fix  weeks,  "  where,"  said  he,  "  I  found  such  perfect  freedom 
ft5  Boon  cooled  my  ardour  for  fighting  in  France."  Eeraain- 
ing  but  one  week  in  Baltimore,  where  there  was  no  engraver, 
ho  came  to  Philadelphia,  and  for  two  years  was  associated 
with  Thackara  &  Valance.  After  separating  from  them  his 
first  works  of  merit  were  four  plates  for  Thomson's 
*•  Sea.'ions."  When  Joel  Barlow  saw  them  he  expressed  a 
regret  that  the  "  Columbiad"  had  not  been  illustrated  at 
home. 

Some  time  in  the  year  1798  Mr.  Lawson  formed  a 
friendship  for  his  fellow-Scotchman,  Alexander  Wilson,  for 
v.liose  work  on  ornithology,  and  its  continuation  by  Charles 

'  Dunlap's  "History  of  the  Eise  and  Progress  of  the  Arts  of  Design  in 
lije  United  States,"  I.  433. 


206  Alexander  Laicson. 

Lucien  Bonaparte,  he  engraved  all  the  best  plates.  His 
work  on  Wilson's  birds  was  a  labor  of  love.  He  did  i' 
"  for  the  honor  of  the  old  country,  and  his  compensation 
was  at  the  rate  of  one  dollar  a  day,"  thus  honorably  con- 
necting himself  with  the  progress  of  natural  history  in  this 
country.  Into  this  branch  of  art,  in  which  lie  took  great 
delight,  he  carried  the  strong  love  of  truth  that  characterized 
him,  either  refusing  to  follow  any  draughtsman  whose  works 
were  not  correct,  or  drawing  them  himself  iTom  the  subject 
on  the  copper. 

In  Wilson's  "  Ornithology"  most  of  the  birds  were  en- 
graved from  a  spirited  outline  by  Wilson  or  from  the  stufted 
or  fresh-killed  specimens  with  which  that  naturalist  con- 
stantly supplied  him.  The  plates  for  Lewis  and  Clarke's 
"  Travels"  were  engraved  by  him,  and  also  those  for  the  con- 
tinuation of  Wilson  by  Charles  Lucien  Bonaparte.  Then 
came  those  for  Haldeman's  "  Conchology,"  and  for  that  ot 
Dr.  Amos  Binney.  Li  the  two  latter  works  the  drawings 
were  made  by  one  of  Mr.  Lawson's  daughters,  who  inherited 
his  delicacy  of  eye  and  hand.  Four  exquisite  plates  of 
animals,  engraved  for  the  late  George  Ord,  have  never  yet 
been  given  to  the  world.  Among  the  better-known  products 
of  his  graver  are  a  "Washington,"  after  Stuart;  "Robert 
Burns,"  after  Xasmyth ;  "  Mrs.  Susannah  Poulson,"  after 
James  Peale ;  "  Perry's  Victory  on  Lake  Erie,"  after  Birch ; 
"  McDonough's  Victory  on  Lake  Champlain,"  after  Krim- 
mel;  "McPherson's  Blues  Taking  Leave,"  after  Barralet ; 
"  My  Uncle  Toby  and  the  Widow  Wadman,"  after  Leslie ; 
"  The  Painter's  Study"  and  "  The  Raffle,"  after  Mount;  "  The 
Snare,"  after  Chapman ;  "  The  Happy  Family,"  after  Krim- 
mel ;  "  Past,  Present,  and  Future,"  three  female  figures  ot 
much  beauty ;  "  Election  Day  in  Pliiladelphia,  a  Scene  in 
Front  of  the  State-House,"  after  Krimmel.  This  plate  was 
left  unfinished,  and  three  impressions  only  were  taken  from 
it,  one  of  which  is  in  the  collection  of  the  Historical  Society. 

A  large  collection  of  Mr.  Lawson's  engra\dng8  has  been 
placed  in  the  library  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 


Alexander  Lawson.  207 

this  city.  They  cover  a  term  of  fifty-tliree  years,  and,  even 
to  those  who  were  acquainted  with  his  untiring  industry, 
the  number  of  tliem  and  the  variety  of  their  subject;?  will 
excite  astonishment.  And  yet  even  this  collection  does  not 
include,  except  in  an  illustration  or  two,  a  class  of  engravings, 
such  as  maps,  of  which  he  made  many,  and  representations, 
for  scientific  purposes,  of  objects  done  only  in  outline. 
Taking  them  altogether, — their  number,  variety,  spirit,  and 
finish, — we  must  look  upon  their  author  (for  so  we  may  in 
some  sense  call  him)  as  one  of  the  remarkable  engravers  ot 
our  country. 

But  it  was  not  alone  in  this  country  that  he  is  thus  es- 
teemed. Mr.  George  Ord  wrote  to  him  from  Paris  on  the 
27th  of  June,  1829,  "When  lately  in  London  I  had  the 
satisfaction  of  seeing  for  a  few  moments  Bonaparte's  third 
volume,  and  observed  there  is  no  falling  off  in  the  beauty 
and  correctness  of  the  plates.  Were  I  to  relate  to  you  all 
that  they  say  in  London  in  commendation  of  your  admirable 
work,  I  should  put  your  modesty  to  the  blush.  Let  it  suffice 
to  declare  there  is  but  one  opinion  among  those  competent 
to  decide  in  matters  of  the  kind.  I  have  even  heard  some 
express  wonder  how  such  efiect  could  be  produced,  and 
venture  an  opinion  that  this  effect  superseded  colors  in 
many  instances,  especially  in  some  grouse  where  sober  tints 
do  not  require  the  addition  of  color."  Again,  on  the  25th 
of  June,  1830,  he  writes,  "I  had  with  rae  a  proof  of  your 
'Elk  and  Ground  Hog,'  'Lizards,'  and  the  last  'Hawk' 
of  "Wilson,  all  of  which  I  presented  to  Dr.  Leech,  of  the 
Zoological  department  of  the  British  Museum.  There  were 
several  naturalists  present,  and  they  all  viewed  your  '  Elk 
and  Ground  Hog'  ^vith  astonishment.  They  united  in  de- 
claring that  such  work  could  not  be  produced  in  England. 
I  asked  whether  or  not  Scott  was  equal  to  the  task.  They 
replied  that  Scott  and  Milton  could  produce  tine  pictures, 
but  not  such  representations  of  nature.  This  is  a  feather  in 
your  cap,  my  friend." 

The  remarks  of  Mr.  Ord  do  not  seem  too  flattering  when 


208  AhxandiT  Lawson. 

we  find  that  Charles  Lucien  Bona}.arte,the  Prince  of  Musi^- 
nano,  writes  to  Mr.  Lawson  from  Home  on  the  2d  of  July, 
1830,  as  follows  :  "  TTere  you  to  hear  what  all  the  Italian 
artists  are  saying  of  your  engravings,  and  especially  the 
celebrated  Titi  (of  whom  I  shall  send  you  some  works  bv 
the  first  opportunity,  that  you  may  judge  of  the  value  of 
his  compliments),  it  is  then  you  would  be  really  proud." 

In  personal  appearance  Mr.  Lawson  was  like  many  of  liis 
race,  tall  and  commanding.  Endowed  with  superior  mental 
powers,  he  was  a  great  reader,  and  became  fomiliar  with  the 
best  writers  in  our  language  and  with  the  history  of  art 
throughout  the  world.  His  nature  was  kindly  and  genial, 
and  he  was  the  life  of  the  social  circle.  On  the  6th  of  June, 
1805,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Scaife,  a  native  of 
Cumberland,  England,  who  had  come  to  Philadelphia  five 
years  previously.  He  pursued  his  art  until  v^ithin  ten  days 
of  his  death,  which  occurred  here  on  the  22d  of  August, 
1846,  in  his  seventy-third  year.  An  only  son,  who  became 
a  good  artist  under  his  father's  instructions,  survived  him 
only  a  few  years.     Two  of  his  daughters  are  yet  living. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  OiroUne  Cb.,  Maryland,  1771^-lSLo.    209 


MAKEIAGE  LICENSES  OF  CAROLINE  COUNTY,  HAIiY- 
LAND,  1774-1815. 

CONTRIBUTED    BY    HENRY  DOWNES   CRANOR. 

[Caroline  County,  Maryland,  was  formed  in  1774  from  parts  of  the 
counties  of  Dorchester  and  Queen  Anne.  The  licenses  have  been  copied 
from  the  records  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  the  o^unty, 
»nd  but  one  year  (177G)  is  missing.  No  attempt  has  been  made  to 
correct  the  spelling  of  any  of  the  names,  some  of  which  are  almost 
undecipherable  on  the  record.  From  1774  to  1804  the  license  fee  was 
one  pound,  and  subsequently  four  dollars.] 

1771,. 

April    6.    John  Pritchett  Fislier  and  Ruth  Thomas. 
11.    Solomon  Bradj  and  Margaret  Bailey. 

27.   John  Lucas  and ^Morgan. 

John  Cooper  and  Eliza  Lucas. 
May    6.    Edward  Minnier  and  Priscilla  Collison. 

20.  Jacob  Wootters  and  Mary  Jump. 
Joshua  Willis  and  Deborah  Greehawk. 

22.    James  Wainwright  and  Elizb'^  Berry. 

25.    William  Williams  and Merrick,  Queen 

Ann  Co. 
June    1.    Thomas  Orrell  and  Sarah  Sommers. 
Nathan  Downes  and  Ann  Cooper. 
14.    Tobias  Burk  and  Sarah  Stainer. 

21.  Joseph  Ward  and  Lydia  Jones. 
William  Banning  and  Rebecca  Cheez. 

July    7.    Hebijah  and  Walker,  of  Queen 

Ann  Co. 
August    3.    Solomon  Wilson  and  Hannah  Bett  or  Belt. 
Washington    Gibson,  of    Talbot   Co.,    and 

Rebecca  Brutt,  of  same. 
MacCabee  Alford  and  Rachel  Bozman. 
VOL.  xxviir. — 14 


210    Marriage  JJcenstS  of  Caroline  Co.,  Mar./land,  1774.-1SI.5. 

August  14.    William  Piirrisli  and  Eachcl  Harwood. 

16.  Richard  Dudley  and  Mary  Mansliip. 

17.  Samuel  Fountain  and Fountain. 

John  Culbreth  and  Sarah  Bradley. 
Capt.  Samuel  Xiehokon  and  Pr.  Force. 

24.  William   Clayton  and  Sarah  Vanderford,  of 

Queen  Ann  Co. 

25.  Thomas    Parratt    Roe    and    Jane    Clark,    of 

Talbot  Co. 
29.    John  Price  or  Rice  and  Elizabeth  Clark,  of 
;  Talbot  Co. 

Is"athan    Nickei-son    and    Mable    Grace,    of 
Caroline  Co. 
September  4.   Park  Webb  and  Mary  Fountain,  of  Dorches- 
ter Co. 
6.    Bozman    Harwood    and    Ann    Harwood,    of 

Dorchester  Co. 
8.    Carter    Cochran    and    Rebecca    Clough,    of 
Talbot  Co. 
10.    James  Snitch  and  Rebecca  Flaharty. 
14.    William  Chilton  and  Rebecca  Talbot. 

Gaily  Lane  and  Araminta  Dial. 
16.  Ezek^el  Smith  and  Ann  Jacobs. 
20.    Jonas  Jones  and  Eliza  Sill. 

28.  John  Frantum  and  Eliza  Hopkins  Shanna- 

han,  of  Talbot  Co. 

29.  Daniel  Skinner  and  Mary  Casson. 
October    3.    Robert  Hopkins  and  Dorcas  Hooper. 

John  Porter  and  Lydia  Kinnannon. 
16.    John  Gregory  and  Ann  Armstrong. 

James  Gregory  and  Eliza  Bush. 
19.   Daniel  Hart  and  Sarah  Lockerman. 
25.    James  Ayres  and  Ann  Griffin,  of  Talbot  Co. 
29.    Timothy  Price  and  Ann  Dudley,         do. 
31.    Hezekiah  Coxill  and  Eliza  Carter. 
November  5.    William  Price  and  Mary  Birkham. 
December  3.    Moses  Butler  and  Elonor  Plumer. 


M-}rria(]e  Licenses  of  Carolme  Oj.,  Jlari/hiud,  1774-18 IS.    211 

lieceivcd  by  William  Eicliardson,  Deputy  Clerk,  and  dis- 
poned of  as  follows,  to  wit. 

December        James  Paissmer  and  Ann  ^Eartindale. 

12.    William  Batehclor  and  Margaret  McCan. 
20.    John  Willonghby  and  Ann  Valker. 

1770. 
January  28.    Levin  Blades  and  Betsey  Xewman. 

Daniel  Dolk  and  Margaret  Miller  White. 

Perdue  Martindale  and  Anna  Andrew. 

Curtis  Jacobs  and  Polly  Cannon. 

Joseph  Bradley  and  Betsey  Richards. 

Risdon  Fisher  and  Mary  Parker. 

Zepheniah  Polk  and  Lucretia  Cawsey. 

Joseph  Frantom  and  Mary  Ann  Gamor. 

Charles  Doffin  and Bozman. 

John  :Nrarshall  and Sherwood. 

James  :Merrick  and  Tilpha  Quarternnis. 

Thomas  Hancock  and  Cleia  Morris. 

William  Owens  and  Elizabeth  Meffin. 

Edward  Smith  and  Elizabeth  Baxter. 

John  Kirby  and  Sarah  Ejrby. 

Archibald  Smith  and  Sarah  McCullum. 

Thomas  Robinson  and  Sarah  Tool. 

Elijah  Charles  and  Hebe  Moore. 
^  Received  by  William  Richardson,  Deputy  Clerk,  24  Mar- 
riage Licenses,  and  disposed  of  in  the  manner  folloAvino- 

William  M^Iahon  and  Catharine  Mifflin. 
James  Porter  and  Sophia  Parma rr. 
August  9.    Francis  Claymore  and  Xancy  Cleft. 

Nicholas  Goldsborough  and  Rebecca  Myers. 
Robert  Lloyd  Xicols  and  Susanna  Chamber- 
lane. 
William  Colescott  and  Mary  Wheatley. 
Richard  Boswell  and  Mary  Davis. 
Abnor  Roe  and  Julia  Sylvester. 


212    Mcm-iage  Licenses  of  Girolim  0>.,  Maryland,  177^-181.5. 

August    9.  Robert  Gutter  and  Sarah  Bagwell. 
John  Stevens  and  Ann  Anderson. 
Matthew  PawBon  and  Mary  Caulk. 
Joseph  Daffin  and  Eleonar  Ennals. 
William  Jacobs  and  Elizabeth  Bowdle. 
Richard  Stanford  and  Hester  Ann  Russnur. 
Parker  Selby  and  Priscilla  Fountain. 
James  Summers  and  Abisha  French. 
Richard  Lockerman  and  MaryDarden. 
Thomas  Smith  and  Deborah  Pratt. 
John  Anderson  and  Elizabeth  Horney. 
Richard  Thomas  and  Rhoda  Porter. 
Richard  Kennard  and  Anue  Carroll. 
James  Barnulle  Jr.  and  Sarah  Charshe. 
John  Reynolds  and  Elizabeth  Pennington. 
October  30.    To  24  Marriage  Licenses  received  by  him  and 
disposed  of,  viz. 
Moses  Floyd  and  Drucilla  Rumbly. 
John  Roberts  and  Mary  Horney. 
William  Dudley  and  Sarah  ^STicols. 

James  Boon  and  Mary  Toolson. 

George  Stevens  and  Sarah  Bayley. 

Ambrose  Goslin  and  Elizabeth  Brown. 

John  Cheever  and  Sarah  Chalaghane. 

Sldnner  ISTewman  and  Mary  Bozman. 

Woolman  Emerson  and  Esther  M-^Gregory. 

John  O'Bryan  and  Sarah  ]SPGinney. 

William  Coplen  and  Elizabeth  Shaw. 

Robert  Hardcastle  and  Mary  Sylvester. 

James  Barwick  and  Rebecca  Roberta. 

Christopher  Driver  and  Sarah  Ringgold. 

John  Oram  and  Mary  Marshall. 

Robert  Ethernson  and  Rachel  Santee. 

James  Truit  and  Sarah  Williams. 

Henry  Mason  and  Esther  Baggs. 

John  Tull  and  Catherine  Merrell. 

John  Chelcott  and  Eliza  Hill. 


Mnriaqc  Licenses  of  CuroVwc  Co.,  Maryland,  177/j-181o.    21! 

October  30.  Jolm  Staut  and  Mary  Carter. 

Samuel  Thomas  and  ^Margaret  Oldham. 
Shadracli  Liden  and  Rebckah  Fogwell. 
John  Keets  and  Ann  Chalaghand. 

1777. 
May  — .    Joshua  Chipley  and  Mary  Hunter. 
June  12.    WiUiam  Garey  and  Henny  Garland. 

27.  William  Martindale  and  Esther  Bayuard. 

28.  Jethro  Yirison  and  Mary  Ann  Leverton. 
July  17.    James  Shields  and Tarman. 

18.    Oliver  Hackett  Jr.  and  Ann  Wilson. 

21.  James  Fisher  and  Mary  Holson. 
23.    John  Plummer  and  Sarah  Phillips. 

August    9.    George  Downes  and  Ann  Hall. 

22.  John  Malcolm  and  Mary  Lawrence. 

25.  James  Higgins  and  Hannah  Jarmen. 

26.  James  SuUivane  and  Margaret  Wheatley. 
October  26.    Elijah  Taylor  and  Ann  GrifSth. 

29.  James  Scott  and  Ann  Shaw. 
November  12.    Jad^\•in  Montague  and  Henrietta  Hynson. 

18.  John  Cohee  and  Celia  Clark. 

December    8.  William  Dowius  and  Rachel  Dawson. 

21.  Richard  Oxenham  and  Elizabeth  Rathall. 

23.  William  TuU  and  Mary  Grace. 
31.  George  Turner  and Smith. 


1778. 
January    2.    Thomas  Hughlett  and  Rebekah  Mason. 

4.    John  Ireland  and  Ann  Alford. 

9.    AViUiam  Goult  and  Saphira  Baynard. 
10.    Samuel  Shelton  Stop  and  Margaret  Douglass. 
14.    Isaac  Jump  and  Sarah  Leverton. 
16.    John  Mitchell  and  Sarah  Scott. 
18.    William  Bullin  and  Elizabeth  Barmooll. 
21.    Xathan  Madden  and  Ann  Hutton. 
23.   Andrew  Price  and  Prudence  White. 


214.    Marriage  Licenses  of  C-aroUne  Oj.,  Maryland^  1774-1815. 


January 

20. 
27. 

30. 

^'ebruary 

3. 

4. 

10. 

11. 

13. 

15. 

23. 

u 

24. 

25. 

u 

March 

7. 

22. 

April 

1. 

19. 

25. 

29. 

May 

11. 
12. 

/ 

15. 

20. 

30. 

June 

3. 

7. 

12. 

July 

6. 
16. 

24. 

28. 

Joseph  Boone  and  Rebekah  Cox. 
Nicholas  TS^ood  and  Ann  Clark. 
Robert  Jones  and  Deborah  Downes. 
John  ^Tolony  and  Eleonar  Anthony. 
James  Fisher  and  Nice  Turner. 
Thomas  Roe  and  Mary  Baggs. 
Jacob  Jump  and  Mary  Leverton. 
Littleton  Berry  and  Mary  Towers. 
David  Craig  and  Ann  Merchant. 
James  Larey  and  Elizabeth  Morgan. 
James  Slemarr  and  Mary  Exbanks. 
James  Harris  and  Katharine  Dodd. 
James  Barmck  and  Cordelia  Hynson. 
William  Whiteley  and  Sarah  Baynard. 
Samuel  Fountain  and  Elizabeth  Purnell. 
Xathaniel  Potter  and  Jane  Douglass. 
Solomon  Barwick  and  Ross  Lawful. 
John  Allen  and  Rebeckah  Smith. 
Robert  Waddell  and  Elizabeth  Ball. 
George  Plowman  and  Elizabeth  Millington. 
Christopher  Jump  and  Hannah  Wootters. 
Vincent  Pinkind  and  Rebekah  Young. 
Richard  Browning  and  Rebekah  Camp. 
James  Matthews  and  Alice  Faulkner. 
Thomas  Larrimore  and  Rebekah  Frampton. 
Archibald  Jackson  and  Susannah  Jackson. 
George  Bell  and  Elizabeth  Pinkerton. 
John  Jones  and  Ehzabeth  Roberts. 
John  Erichston  and  Hannah  Hollis. 
John  Trimbly  and  Rachel  James. 
John  Payne  and  Elizabeth  Parker. 
Richard    Ozmont    Jr.    and    Elizabeth    La- 

compte. 
Benjamin  Kelly  and  Leveniah  Johnson. 
John  Merrick  and  China  Dixon. 
Charles  Manship  and  Ann  Bland. 
Aaron  Manship  and  Sarah  Bland. 


}l:rria<i€  J  Accuses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  177  U-1815.    215 

Richard  Smith  and  Sarah  Banning. 
George  Bright  and  Rachel  Chapman. 
James  Dilhng  and  Tilley  Blades. 
Luke  Andrew  and  Mary  Rovdns, 
James  Blades  and  Sidney  Jordan. 
James  Ilambleton  and  Elizabeth  Dawson. 
Jacob  "V^'^ootters  and  Mary  Warner. 
Benthal  Stevens  and  Mary  Xewells. 
Raleigh  Marshall  and  Mary  Bar  wick. 
26.    John  Sylvester  and  Elizabeth  Fisher. 
William  Smith  and  Ann  Green. 
John  Robinson  and  Amelia  Sullivane. 
Perry  Garmon  and  Esther  Andrew. 
Thomas  Smith  and  Katharine  Price. 
Shadrick  Willis  and  Ann  Wright. 
Elijah  Griffith  and  Nice  Dawson. 
Reuben  Connerly  and  Rebekah  Pritchett. 
Thomas  Strangham  and  Ann  Harrington. 
Daniel  Sawdon  and  Eliz*  Broadaway. 
Henry  Clift  and  Eliz*  Cronnoon. 
3.    Daniel  Edgall  and  Mary  Lowe. 

17.  William  Keets  and  Mary  Jump. 

18.  Thomas  Casson  and  Martha  Baynard. 
23.    Richard  Powell  and  Ann  Kinnamon. 

20.  Thomas  Ozment  and  Rachel  Sylvester. 

30.  Purnell  Sylvester  and  H.  Evans. 
December    4.    James  Boggs  and  Ann  Mason. 

16.    Anne  Cohee  and  Sarah  Sprouse. 

21.  William  Loveday  and  Eliza  Dudley. 

22.  John  Bell  and  Ann  Ganatt. 

31.  Henry  James  and  Jane  Clark. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Augupt 

6. 

10. 

12. 

September 

•    1. 

9. 

14. 

21. 

22. 

26. 

28. 

29. 

October 

2. 

7. 

13. 

19. 

Kovember 

2. 

216  Two  Letters  of  Charles  Cwroll  of  Can'oUlon. 


TWO   LETTERS   OF   CHARLES  CARROLL    OF 
CARROLLTON. 
[Dreer  Collection  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Penr.sylvania.j 
-P>  c  DOOHORAGEX,   22^  Octo.    1777 

Dear  Sir, 

Yesterday  we  rec^  tlie  glorious  news  of  the  taking  Biir- 
gojne  k  his  whole  army  prisoners  of  war— I  sincereTy  con- 
gratulate you  on  this  important  event,  I  hope  it  \y\\\  be  fol- 
lowed by  the  defeat  of  Howe  at  least  by  a  disgraceful  ct  proei].- 
itate  retreat  from  the  city  of  Ph*  &  State  of  Pensylvania. 

I  write  this  letter  to  request  the  favor  of  you  to  obtain 
from  the  board  of  war  two  weavers  from  among  the  british 
prisoners;  I  would  prefer  british  workmen  on  account  ot 
language  k  superior  skill  to  Hessians,  but  rather  than  not 
get  weavers  I  must  take  Hessians  or  else  my  poor  slaves 
muBt   go   naked  this   winter— Mr.   Atlee   can  inform  you 
whether  there  are  such  workmen  among  the  prisoners  at 
Lancaster  or  Lebanon,  for  altho'  the   most  of  them  have 
been  removed,  it  is  most  probable  some  of  them  have  re- 
mained behind— I  must  entreat  you,  Sir,  to  exert  yourself 
in  rendering  me  this  essential  piece  of  service.    My  father 
would  pay  them  £3  a  month  apiece;  they  will  be  well  fed  & 
will  live  in  a  wholesome  country  &  so  remote  that  they  will 
not  be  able  easily  to  make  their  escape,  if  they  should  at- 
tempt it.     I  hope  General  Washington  will  soon  give  us  a 
fresh  supply  of  prisoners,  and  from  these  perhaps  you  will 
be  able  to  select  the  weavers,  if  not  from  those  already  in 
our  possession.     The  weavers  we  want  are  such  as  have 
been  used  to  weaving  coarse  linens  &  woollens.     I  beg  my 
compliments  to  Mrs.  Peters  and  remain 
Dr.  Sir, 

Yr  most  hum.  Ser't, 

Cii.  Carroll  of  Carrolltox. 
P.S.     Please  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  this  letter  k 
let  me  know  whether  there  is  any  prospect  of  obtaining  soon 
the  weavers;  if  they  are  to  be  had  I  Mill  send  for  them; 


Tico  Letters  of  Charles  CkirroU  of  GrrroUtGn.  217 

one,  if  two  cannot  l)e  had,  will  be  better  than  none,  please 
lo  direct  to  me  at  Annapolis  as  I  shall  be  there  in  a  few 
davti  attending  our  Assembly. 
To  KicHARD  Peters,  Esquire 

Secretary  to  the  board  oi  war 

At  York 

Pensylvania. 

DOUGHORAGEX  22'^  Aug.  180G 

D"^  Sir 

I  reed  this  forenoon  y'  letter  oi  the  lo'*"  instant,  I  will 
fpeak  to  ray  manager  &  to  my  clerk  d-  prevail  upon  them 
to  vote  for  you  &  Col.  Mercer,  and.  to  obtain  as  many  votes 
for  you  both  as  electors  of  the  Senate  in  this  neighborhood 
as  their  influence  &  exertions  can  procure,  but  all  I  fear 
v.'ithout  success — You  shall  also  have  my  vote — The  people 
are  not  as  yet  made  to  feel  the  e\'ils  in  store  for  them, 
of  which  the  weak  measures  of  the  ruling  faction  have  laid 
tlie  foundation.  It  is  probable  peace  between  England  & 
France  ^v^ll  be  made  in  the  course  of  this  year  unless  death 
should  rid  England  of  Fox  the  leading  minister. 

In  12  months  from  the  definitive  treaty  of  peace  between 
those  countries,  the  Emperor  of  the  French  &,  King  ot 
Italy  &  indeed  of  almost  the  whole  European  continent  will 
demand  the  cession  from  us  of  Louisiana,  and  in  12  months 
more  from  the  demand  made  he  will  get  possession  of  it. 
What  is  to  prevent  him  ?  We  are  totally  unprepared  for  war 
and  likely  to  continue  so.  The  conduct  of  the  Executive 
respecting  Miranda's  exjiedition,  which  was  known  to  them  &, 
underhandedly  encouraged,  will  afibrd  Xapoleon  ample  cause 
for  justifying  his  demand,  &  if  refused,  of  resorting  to  force. 

Thus  we  shall  lose  both  land  &  money. 

I  remain  with  respect  and  regard 
Dear  Sir 

Yr  most  hum.  Serv* 

Ch.  Carroll  of  Carrolltox. 

To  Horatio  Ridout,  Esq^ 

White  Hall. 


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236 


Notes  and  Queries. 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


■Rotes. 

Salaries  akd  Some  ExPE^•SES  of  the  Assembly  of  Pexxsyl- 

VANIA,  1756. — The  following  are  some  of  the  "Incidental  Charges" 

allowed  by  the  Assembly  in  1756  : 

To  the  Honourable  "W""  Denny  Esq  by  order  of  Assembly 

To  W^  Allen,  Esq.  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supream  Court 

To  Lawrence  Growdon,  Esq.  Second  Judge  of    Do.  . 

To  Caleb  Copcland,  Esq.  Third  Judge  of  Do  .   . 

To  Rich'd  Peters,  Esq.  as  Clerk  of  the  Council! 

To  Chas.  Brockden,  his  acc't  as  Master  of  the  Eolls  . 

To  Benj.  Franklin,  his  account  for  printing  votes  &c. 

To  Hannah  Boyd,  her  acc't,  for  Ind"  Expenses  . 

To  Mary  Jones,  her  acc't  for  the  Entertainment 

To  AVilliam  Franklin  for  expenses  paid  by  Mm  for  Do 

To  Samuel  Kirk,  his  salary  as  Sergeant  at  Arms 

To  Rich'd  Hockley,  his  acc't,  for  Affixing  the  Great  Seal 

To  David  Edwards  for  brushes,  cleaning  the  House  ttc. 

To  W"°  Franklin  for  Postage  of  Publick  Letters  to  Gov'' 
Morris     ........ 

To  Do.  for  postage  of  Publick  Letters  to  Gov'  Denny 

To  Benj°  Franklin  for  Establishing  a  Post  between  Win- 
chester &  Phil*  the  Charge  being  agreed  to  be  paid 
for  by  a  Resolve  of  the  house  ;  &  for  Postage  of  Let- 
ters to  the  army  under  Gen'l  Braddock      . 

To  David  Edwards  for  his  Attendance  as  Doorkeeper  121 
days  @  4/p.  day      ...... 

To  Charles  Stow  for  summoning  eighty  eight  Councills  @ 
2/6  each 

To  W"  Franklin  his  acc't  for  Postage  of  Publick  Letters  to 
the  Secretary 


£600. 

0. 

0 

200. 

0. 

0 

60. 

0. 

0 

60. 

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0 

15. 

0. 

0 

11. 

13.11 

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Petition  of  Owners  of  Lands  in  the  "Neck"  to  rf^train 
Swine  from  running  at  large,  1703. — 
To  the  Generall  Assembly  of  the  Province  of  Pensilvania  now  Sitting 

at  Philadelphia,  The  Petition  of  several  Inhabitants  of  the  City  & 

County  of  Philadelphia. 
humbly  Sheweth 

That  Whereas  your  Petitioners  being  Owners  of  Lands  in  the  Neck 
between  Delaware  &  Skoolkill  below  Philadelphia,  And  being  Desirous 
to  Clear  Drain  &  Make  other  Improvements  on  Meadow  Ground  & 
Marshes ;  Are  Greatly  Discouraged  and  hindered  by  reason  of  Swine 
Running  at  large  And  Breaking  into  Your  Petitioners'  Improvements, 
To  their  Great  Damage  and  Ruin  of  their  Labours, 

Therefore  vour  Petitioners  Do  humbly  Desire  That  a  Law  be  Made 


Notes  and  Queries.  237 

citlifT  to  Prohibit  Swiiio  to  Kun  at  large  iu  the  said  Neck  Or  Else  to 

(jMi^'-e  the  Owners  of  them  to  King  and  Yoke  them  Under  such  Peualtie-i 

a.-  vou  in  your  Wisdom  shall  see  meet  ; 

And  your  Petitioners  as  in  Duty  bound   shall  alhvays  Desire  your 

Pr.isperitv  &c. 

Will :  Treut, 
W»  Carter, 
Tho :  Masters, 
A.  Morris, 
John  Thomas, 
[\m-5.] 

Lettek  or  Thomas  Lloyd  to  his  Wife,  KwS. — 
Deak  &  LO  :  Wife 

Since  my  last  writing  I  enjoyd  pretty  good  health  excepting  3  or  4 
days  of  a  Troublesome  Cold,  w*"  I  blesse  the  Lord  by  Care  &  warme 
Cloathing,  I  have  indiilerently  escaped.  We  have  had  a  mighty  restor- 
ing &  efftablishing  Time.  A  great  many  of  the  Chiefest  y"'  absented 
themselves  from  friends,  &  -were  gone  into  a  separation,  were  to  the 
great  Joy  of  our  hearts  restored,  &  more  preparing  to  Come  in  ;  It  is 
very  well  with  us  through  the  goodnesse  of  the  lord,  &  his  prisoner 
dutii  appear  to  the  great  refreshm'  of  our  hearts  ;  and  I  have  a  scale  in 
uiy  heart  that  it  is  well  with  thee  &  friends  I  can  say  litle  of  our 
Coming  downe  as  yet  till  after  next  3'^  day,  but  I  suppose  ah'  10  dayes 
hence.  If  the  lord  continues  us  health  we  may  set  hence  htmiewards. 
Thou  may  hear  my  minde  further  by  my  next  writing  The  lord  p''serve 
thee  &  me  in  his  love  &  fear,  y^  in  the  meantime  we  he  satisfyd ;  & 
rejoyce  in  the  worke  of  the  lord  iu  each  particular  when  we  come 
together;  G.  F.  &  A.  Parkers  dear  love  is  to  thee  &  the  rest  of  friends  ; 
niy  dear  love  is  to  thy  selfe.  Sister  lloyd.  Dear  A  :  l<c  S  :  Rich  :  Evan  ; 
peggie  &  the  rest  of  friends :  Bettie  Evans  is  yery  well  ;  Griffith,  Cat- 
ties father,  I  thinke  is  n'  in  the  City.  My  dear  Children  with  thy 
selfe  &  the  rest,  I  cocTiend  to  the  tender  protection  of  our  heavenly 
father  ;  I  rest 

Thy  Truely  lo  :  Husband 

Thomas  lloyd. 

London  the  9""  dav  at 
night  bv,ins  the  9*  dav 
of  this  instant  ll"-  m^i^ 

[1677  or  1678-1 

Addressed — 

These 

For  my  dear  &  loving  Wife 

Mary  lloyd  at  Coed  Cowryd 

near  Welsh poole  in  Mountgomeryshire 

North  Wales. 
(p.  post  Salop.) 

Letter  of  Martha  Fisher,  First  Quaker  Preacher  in 
America,  to  Margaret  Fox. — 

Deare  freind  ^Margaret  Fox,  to  whom  is  my  love  in  the  Lord  I 
Recived  tow  Lectors  from  thee  and  I  had  answered  the  last  but  I  did 
s-tay  to  have  betor  nuse  then  yet  I  have  to  send  thee  but  need  say 
but  Leettill  becaus  frends  douth  take  care  to  send  thee  word  but  thy 


238  Notes  and  Qxcrics. 

dcare  busbaiid  has  been  had  to  and  againe  several!  times  by  the 
keeperes  of  the  prison  lor  the  next  day  alter  thy  sonc  Ivower  went  out 
of  liOndon  it  being  tlie  last  day  of  the  tearme  the  judges  sent  f<»r 
thy  husband  to  the  same  place  he  was  befor  and  thay  gave  the  sen- 
tence that  he  was  to  goe  downe  to  Wostor  which  cannot  be  Eevockcd 
but  all  the  favor  that  can  be  shewed  to  him  is  that  he  may  gow  downe  at 
hisowne  Leasuer  and  to  be  there  at  the  ."rises  which  is  the  2  day  of  the 
2  month  at  Wostor  but  thay  sent  for  him  in  great  hast  from  Kinston 
to  have  him  goe  then  deare  Margaret  my  deare  love  is  to  thy  chillderen 
and  to  thomas  Ix>wer  and  all  freinds  heare  there  love  is  to  thee  and  we 
are  iellowfeeling  of  thy  sorow  noe  more  but  my  love. 

Maetha  Fisher. 

the  7  day  of  the 

1  month  1673,  London  : 

Pk-VK  Maxuscripts. — The  originals  of  the  following  letters  of 
I^titia  Peun,  Lady  Juliana  Pemi,  and  Anne  Penu  are  in  the  Etting 
Collection  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania: 

Lefida  Pain  to  Hannah  Fii^hborn. 

WoR :  ye-18-6-1702. 
mo 
Dear  IlANXAn. 

I  hope  thou  wilt  excuse  my  silence  since  it  has  been  for  want  of 
oppertunity  since  I  knew  what  to  call  thee  or  how  to  express  myself; 
and  now  readily  accept  this  to  salut  &  desier  for  thee  all  y'  happiness 
y*  state  can  afford,  and  dout  not  but  in  order  to  it  thou  hast  y*  principal 
Yerbe  a  very  honest  and  good  Companion  I  should  have  tooke  kindly 
a  few  lines  by  this  bearer  and  hope  thou  \d\i  some  time  or  other  favour 
me  so  far.  this  may  tell  thee  through  Mercy  wee  are  all  well  and  with 
my  Brother  and  Sister  att  poor  "NVorminghurst  y'  I  have  so  often  told 
thee  of;  tbeire  Children  are  fine  forward  Children  &  tho'  I  say  it  very 
handsome  to:  y^  boy  Like  my  father  as  can  be,  &  the  gurl  not  unlike, 
they  designe  over  in  y^  Spring  &  y°  I  shall  have  a  great  loss,  but  not  to 
carrj-  both  y^  Children  ;  I  am  very  soncesible  of  how  I  am  in  debpt  to  thee 
for  all  thy  kindness  and  shall  be  glad  if  att  any  time  I  can  be  servicable 
on  this  side  of  y^  water,  I  am  shure  none  shall  be  more  ready  y"  her  y' 
is  with  kind  Love  to  thy  good  parents  to  whom  I  lye  under  deep  obli- 
gations &  pray  give  it  also  to  thy  husband  with  thy  sweet  self. 
Thy  afiectionate  &  engaged  friend 

L.  Pexn. 

Pray  remember  me  kindly  to  thy  brothers  &  Cousins  &  All  y*  Hos- 
kinses. 

Lady  Juliana  Penn  to  Dr.   William  Smith. 
Sir, 

This  is  the  first  &  surest  opportunity  w"^  has  ofler'd  since  I  was 
favor' d  with  yours  of  the  22'*  of  Jan'^  and  .which  I  make  use  of  to 
thank  you  for  it,  &  for  y''  very  obliging  and  kind  expressions  towards 
my  Family.  We  have  pa,ss'd  several  months  in  anxiety  ab'  yourself,  & 
all  our  Friends  iu  America.  The  hearing  from  them,  when  it  can  be, 
is  a  very  great  satisfaction,  tho'  the  information  we  gain  of  the  dis- 
tresses incident  to  so  much  confusion,  is  very  greivous  to  learn.  \r 
Promise  of  another  Letter  with  the  friendly  design  of  making  it  longer, 
&  fuller,  obliges  me  extremely,  &  I  shall  wait  impatiently  for  its  arrival. 

You  desired  me  in  a  former  Letter  to  look  amongst  the  Papers  in  my 


jVotcs  and  Qucrie.^.  239 

H,'ind>,  to  find  some  you  left  with  ^P  renii  in  the  ye^ir  1704  relating  to 
t'ue  l>u.si;iess  which  brought  }ou  to  Englanil,  and  I  have  the  pleasure  to 
foil  you,  I  believe  I  have  found  them,  they  shall  be  Siife  till  I  hear 
f'irther  from  you  ubout  them. 

I  delivered  your  message  to  M"'  Rich'd  Penn  who  will  be  very  happy 
to  bear  from  you.  He  and  all  his  family  are  in  good  health.  With 
my  best  wishers  for  the  happy  event  of  Peace,  and  success  of  the  Com- 
missioners ;  &  for  yours  it  your  family's  health  «&  welllare,  I  shall 
conclude  this.     Being  Sir,  Your  much  Oblig'd 

Humble  Serv't 

JULIAXA    PEifN. 

f  rKiXG  Garden,  April  10, 177S. 
Kev.  Dr.  Smith. 

Anne  Penn  ( Wife  of  John  Penn)  to  Dr.   Pai-le. 
{Pecelved  August  27,   17 SO.) 

Sundav,  half  after  eleven. 

Mr.  Penn  has  slept  pretty  well  but  thinks  he  was  feverish  last  night 
&  that  he  has  continued  so  ever  since.  He  judges  from  his  hands  being 
rather  warmer  than  usual  &  his  having  no  appetite  but  a  constant  desire 
to  drink,  &  tho'  he  does  not  feel  very  ill,  he  is  by  no  means  so  well  as  he 
expected  to  be  today. 

He  is  therefore  ai>prehensive  that  his  disorder  may  turn  out  a  remit- 
ting fever  rather  than  an  intermittent,  &  would  be  glad  to  know  whether 
he  should  continue  taking  the  Bark  while  he  thinks  himself  not  quite 
free  from  a  fever  &  whether  you  think  anything  else  would  be  proper 
for  hioi.  He  is  desirous  of  knowing  whether  he  may  eat  grapes  with- 
out the  skins,  or  watermelon. 

I  am  sir 
Yr  humble  Servant 

AxxE  Pexn. 

Upon  the  whole  I  am  pretty  much  as  I  was  last  night  when  you  left 
me  being  then,  I  think,  a  little  feverish.  J.  P. 

Sir.  Penn  has  taken  in  all  6  doses  of  Bark  &  is  now  going  to  take 
another  dose. 

Lancaster  County  Militia,  1807. — The  militia  of  Lancaster 
County,  composed  of  tv,o  brigades,  which  formed  the  4th  Division, 
consisted  of  the  following  regiments  : 

First  Brigade. — 1st  Pegiment,  Lt.-Col.  Thomas  ;  2d  Regiment,  Lt.- 
Col.  Wright;  3d  Regiment,  Lt.-Col.  Ream;  4th  Regiment,  Lt.-Col. 
Eosminger,  and  Troop  of  Horse,  Capt.  Henderson,  John  Light,  Bri- 
gade Inspector. 

Second  Brigade. — 34th  Regiment,  Col.  Strickler  ;  60th  Regiment, 
Lt.-Col.  Boal;  98th  Regiment,  Lt.-Col.  Boyd;  104th  Regiment,  Lt.- 
Col.  Long.     Amos  Slaymaker,  Brigade  Inspector.  J. 

A  New  Jersey  Refugee. — The  following  letter  of  David  Anderson 
to  Josiah  Foster,    Burlington,    Xew  Jersey,   is  in  the  Foster-Clement 
Collection  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania : 
Sir, 

Job  Atkinson  is  now  at  Reece  Prices  and  may  be  taken  if  you  think 
Jt  needful  as  he  Apprehends  no  Danger  of  any  Person  taking  notice  of 


240  Notes  ami  Queries. 

him.  Least  you  should  be  unacquainted  with  the  Circumstance  it  i- 
that  he  lias  been  under  .Arms  with  the  Eefugees  some  time  at  Egg  Har- 
bour. I  have  been  informed  that  he  engaged  witii  them  at  If  on  rv 
Shinus — And  that  Mannaduke  Fort  saw  him  List,  and  that  David 
Cavalier  and  Joseph  Addams  seen  him  under  Arms.  Either  of  them 
will  I  expect  be  sullicient  and  may  be  had  if  you  think  it  worth  your 
Notice. 

I  am  Sir  with  Kespect 

Your  most  Humble  Serv' 

David  Akderson 
Evesham  June  "-o,  17S2. 

Lettek  of  James  Xaylek  to  George  Fox. — 

Dare  Brother  the  intents  of  malitious  men  towards  thee  I  have 
long  time  felt  in  my  soule  &  I  can  trueh'  say  have  beene  opressed  with 
it,  And  when  I  heard  th,it  thou  was  in  })rison  it  smote  at  my  life,  <^ 
went  through  my  soule  as  a  wounding  weapon.  And  being  that  day 
going  to  a  Gcn^"  Meeteing  at  Pornfrit,  It  was  laid  on  me  to  hast  to  Lon- 
don, so  I  went  on  from  thence  to  Balby,  &  was  at  y''  departing  &  buryin;- 
of  Tho  :  Aldam  my  dear  brother  &  thence  to  London  where  I  now  am,  tt 
in  y*  will  of  god  I  desire  to  be  found,  And  somev.'hat  of  his  mind  in 
my  comeing  I  have  scene,  &  have  peace  in  it  blessed  be  god  for  ever- 
more, And  my  heart  is  with  thee  to  y^  strength  I  have  in  y^  Lord  &  in 
his  power,  I  am  somewhat  refreshed  ag'  all  that  man  intends  ag'  thee, 
even  god  Almighty  &  his  eternall  power  is  over  all  blessed  for  ever 
Amen.  J.  N. 

(Endorsed)  For  G.  F. 
these. 

Wood  Stoves  of  1816.— 

Philadelphia  Dec.  1816. 
Mr.  J.  Foster 

Bought  of  Fougeray  &  Schreiner, 
One  Stove  (which  is  warranted  to  stand  fire  until  the  first  day  of 
June  next,  when  the  cracked  plate,  if  any,  is  to  be  returned:  in 
default  of  which  the  claim  is  forfeited,)  for  $20.- 

Received  Payment 

Fougeray  &  Schreiner 
No  97  &  99  North  Second-street. 

Letter  of  Rev.  Francis  Alison,  1776. — 

Philada  Sept  y«  22'i  1776. 

Cozen  Rort  Alison 

It  gives  me  pleasure  to  hear  from  you,  &  I  have  tried  to  write  you, 
as  oft  as  I  had  an  opportunity.  1  might  have  spoken  to  President 
Handcocks  Secretary,  to  inform  me  when  expresses  go  from  this  place  to 
Ticonderoga,  but  this  I  did  not  think  of.  I  received  a  letter  from  y" 
River  Sorrel  from  you,  after  y*  defeat  at  y*  three  rivers  ;  another  since  y' 
was  long  by  y'  way,  informing  me  of  y'  difficulties  till  you  got  to  Ticon- 
deroga, 1  had  one  about  y'  latter  end  of  July,  informing  me  of  v*  pro- 
digious rains  you  had  &  one  since  dated  August  y*  27"'  with  a  letter 
from  y'  Ihother,  which  I  sent  him.  I  wrote  you  a  long  letter  by  Dr. 
Stringer  &  sent  you  enclosed  a  newspaper  &  then  I  gave  you  an 
account  of  the  family.     My  wife  came  from  New  London  yesterday ; 


Nott^s  and  Queries.  241 

vour  mother  &  ail  friend.-*  are  well.  Frank  was  oiil  with  y"  Battalion  jis 
rii\>ician  &  Surgeon,  i*i:  lay  at  Blazing  Star  in  Jersey,  opposite  to 
St;itcn  Island,  two  months,  &  is  returned  ;  his  wife  was  deliverd  of  a 
daughter  in  his  absence  ;  he  was  ofterd  a  Surgeons  Place  in  the  tlying 
camp,  but  I  think  he  will  not  accept  of  it.  I  am  sorry  for  y"=  distresses 
of  y^  camp.  I  think  due  attention  was  never  paid  to  that  department. 
Mease  &  Caldwell  have  their  store  filld  with  shirts;,  shoes,  &  every 
thing  your  army  wants,  for  clothing,  but  Blankets,  and  if  your  officers 
>vould  jointly  represent  your  distresses  to  y*  Congress,  I  doubt  not  but 
they  would  releive  them.  I  long  to  see  y",  which  will  be  in  Xovember. 
If  you  enlist  again,  I  wish  you  could  tell  me  if  it  be  possible  to  get 
you  a  Captains  Commission  ;  J  was  at  M''  Jenkins,  but  did  not  see  him, 
but  was  told  at  his  house  he  will  not  go  back.  I  will  write  you  again 
by  Major  Woods  of  this  City,  who  has  sent  olF  his  baggage  last  week  : 
let  me  know  if  there  be  any  place  y'  you  desire  that  I  can  ask  for  you, 
&  to  whom  I  should  apply.  We  are  grieved  for  y*  loss  of  Xew  York 
almost  without  resistence,  I  doubt  not  but  they  will  Ifoni]  better  for 
y'  lime  to  come.  I  wish  you  all  happiness  Sc  am  with  great  respect  & 
Esteem  Y'  Uncle  &  friend  to  serve  you 

Fea  :  Alisox. 

British  Men-of-War  in*  the  Dela-vtaee,  1813  (extracted  from 
a  letter  of  Richard  Sheppard,  dated  Greenwich,  N.  J.,  4  mo.  21, 
1813).— 

"The  communication  by  water  is  quite  at  an  end,  the  British  having 
taken  possession  of  the  Delaware  as  high  as  this.  Since  last  Seventh 
day,  they  have  done  us  no  injury  on  shore,  but  take  ever}'  kind  of  water 
craft  they  can  come  at,  several  belonging  to  our  creek.  They  send 
word  on  shore  they  will  do  us  no  injury,  and  we  have  faith  in  their  pro- 
fessions to  us  to  feel  no  uneasiness." 

Letter  of  General  Greene  to  Governor  Thomas  Jefferson, 
1781.— 

Camp  on  Pedee 

January  1"  1781 

Sir, 

Tliis  will  be  handed  your  Excellency  by  Cap'  Watts  Mho  is  ordered  to 
Virginia  to  recruit  for  the  first  Regiment  of  Light  Dragoons.  Cavalry 
is  of  great  importance  to  the  service  in  this  department  and  I  must  beg 
your  Excellency  to  give  every  aid  in  your  power  to  fill  the  Regiment 
as  soon  as  possible  and  that  immediate  measures  may  be  taken  for  com- 
plcating  the  compliment  of  horse  required  of  your  State  for  the  first  and 
third  Regiments.  It  will  promote  the  service  and  give  great  security 
to  the  Army,  if  all  the  Dragoons  are  picked  men,  and  natives  of 
America ;  as  foreigners  frequently  desert,  and  give  intelligence  to  the 
Enemy  in  an  unfavourable  moment  and  generally  carry  oft'  with  them  a 
very  valuable  horse  with  all  the  accoutrements.  For  these  and  many 
other  reasons  which  might  be  mentioned  I  am  clearly  of  opinion  that 
none  but  natives  ought  to  be  in  the  Cavalry  and  even  then  ought  to  be 
of  the  better  order  of  men,  as  so  much  frequently  depends  upon  the 
information  of  a  single  dragoon. 

I  pursuade  myself  this  business  is  of  such  importance  as  this  Army  is 
very  weak  in  Cavalry  and  the  enemy  greatly  reinforced,  that  your  Excel- 
VOL.  XXVIII.— 16 


242  Notes  and  Queries, 

lency  \\\\\  give  the  business  all  the  dispatch  that  the  nature  of  it  v^ill 
admit. 

Your  Col  White  will  furnish  your  Excellency  with  a  ret'.ini  of  the 
strength  of  the  Koginient     am  v>-ith  great  respect 
Your  Escellenoy'e 

Most  obed' 

Humble  Serv' 

Natii  Grleke 

KixG  James  II.  Peoclaimed  at  Thieadeephia  1G85. — 
Pexksilvaxia  : 

By  the  President  and  Counciil — 
These  are  to  give  Generall  Notice,  Tiiat  our  Present  Soveraign  King 
James  tha  Second,  will  be  Published  in  the  Front  Streetupon  Delaware 
River,  Over  against  the  Governours  Gate  to  Morrow  Morning  at  |the 
Ninth  hour  upon  the  "Wringing  of  the  Bell 

Signed  by  Order 

Eiohard  Ingelo 

CI.  Concill 
Philadelphia  the 
11th  3i  Mouth  li>eo. 

[Jamea  II.  Proclaimed.  Original  draft  from  which  the  SherilT  read, 
in  Collection  of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.] 

Philadelphia  tlie  12*  of  the  3nio.  10S.5 
FEN^-SILVA^'IA. 

We  the  president  &  the  provincial  Counsell  accompanied  w"*  the 
representatives  of  the  freemen  in  Assembly  &  divers  magistrates  officers 
&  other  persons  of  note  do  in  duty  &  in  concurrance  w'*^  our  neighbour- 
ing provinces  sollemniy  publish  &  declare  that  James  duke  of  york  Sc 
albany  by  the  decease  of  our  late  soveraigue  Charles  the  2°'^  is  now 
becomnour  lawfuU  leige  lord  »fe  king  James  the  i"'^  of  England  Scotland 
franc  &  Ireland  &  amongst  other  of  his  dominions  in  America  of  this 
Provinc  of  Pennsylvania  &  its  Territory  king  to  whome  we  acknowiedg 
fiiithfull  &  constant  obedienc  hartily  wishing  him  a  happy  raigne  in 
health  peace  &  prosperity 
And  so  god  save  the  king 

Tho  Loyd  president 
Tho  :  Holmes  Peter  Aldricks 

Christo  Taylor  Willm  Darvall 

Phinehas  Pemberton  Lttke  Watson 

Willm  Frampton  Jon  :  Roades 

Willm  Southerbe  Ed.  Green 

Jon.  Simpcock 
Jon.  Cann 
Willm  Wood 
Tho :  Janney 
Jon  :  Barns 

Rich'*  Ingelo 

Clark  Counsell. 

Some  Phieadeephia  Cou^'TY  Farmers  send  Relief  to  the 
Poor  of  Boston,  1775. — 

We  the  Subscribers  do  hereby  Promise  to  pay  Samuel  Potts  Henry 
Deringer  and  John  Brooke  or  Either  of  them  the  Several  Sums  of  money 


JVotes  and  Queries.  243 

or  Quantities  of  Wheat  or  Flour  by  us  Subscribed  and  Set  opposite  our 
names  to  be  by  them  sent  to  Philadelphia  and  put  into  the  hands  of 
I^hvard  Milner  who  is  one  of  the  Persous  appointed  to  Receive  and 
Transmit  the  same  to  Boston  to  be  given  to  the  Poor  people  of  thatTov.n 
who  are  immediate  Sufltrers  by  means  of  the  Port  being  Shutt  up. 

May  15'^  1775. 

David  Jack  hatt  zwey  bushel  Korn  geben, 
James  Herbel  ein  bushel  und  halb  Koru. 

Petter  Steltz  paid  to  John  Brooke  15  3. 

I^enhart  V.'alter  1  bushel  waytzen  und  ein  halb  busliel. 
Georg  [?]  Graft"  2  bushel  waytzen. 
Jacob  ]5cnter  2  bushel  waytzen. 
Michael  Kortz  2  bushel  Korn,  noch  nicht  gebracht. 
Bastian  Aygelberger  [Egelberger?]  58. 

Christian  Kortz  2  bushel  waytzen. 
liastian  reifschneider  2  bushel  waytzen. 
Adam  Wartman  2  busliel  Korn. 
Philib  Jacob  Schmidt  ein  bushel  Korn. 
Joseph  Kolb  ein  bushel  Korn. 
^      Michael  Brand  10. s. 

Georg  Borckhart  hatt  5  bushel  Korn  geben. 
Philip  Weickel  ein  br.shel  waytzen. 
Philip  Han  hatt  5  bushel  waytzen. 
Michael  Krebs  3  bushel  waytzen. 
Lcnhard  Uottcr  3  bushel  waytzen. 
Moses  Bonder  3  bushel  waytzen. 
Georg  Adam  Egolt  2  bushel  waytzen. 
Adaiu  Krebs  2  bushel  waytzen. 
Jost  Biting  ein  hujidert  waytzen  mehl. 
Bastian  Buger  3  bushel  waytzen. 
Lenhard  Herdelein  ein  bushel  waytzen. 
Jacob  Huvcr  2  bushel  waytzen. 
Paul  Lintzebigel  zv.-ey  bushel  Korn. 

llerr  Pfure  bomb  15  s. 

Georg  Schlumecker  3  bushel  waytzen. 

Matheis  Holebach  15  s. 

Hans  Schmidt  2  bushel  waytzen. 
Heinricli  Schneider  5  bushel  Korn. 
Lewis  Jorger  3  bushel  waytzen. 
Adam  Libegutt  2  bushel  waytzen. 

(On  back.) 

Juicy  26i>  1775. 

Hab  ich  bezalt  an  Hans  Bracks  zwey  pfundt  funf  schiling  vor  die 
boston  ner. 

Letter    of    General    Hexry    Kxox    to    General    William 
Irvine,  1786.— 

War  office  JIarch  25=''  1780 
L)KAR  Sir 

I  reed  your  favor  of  the  1'*  inst  by  Major  Craig,  for  which  I  beg  you 
to  av'copt  my  thanks. 

When  the   person  whom   you  expect,   shall  return  from  Detroit,  I 
''ball  be  much  obliged  to  you,  for  any  communication,  which  you  may 


244  Notes  and  Queiies. 

think  necost^ary  for  me  to  be  acquainted  with.     Major  Ancram  as  you 
suggested,  actually  coianiands  at  the  ]i03t. 

There  have  not  Litely  been  any  packets  arrived  from  Eughind,  ihere- 
fore  we  are  not  well  advised  of  the  designs  of  the  British  respecting  the 
delivery  of  the  posts  ;  but  there  are  rumors,  that  Sir  Guy  Carleton  wili 
certainly  come  out  to  Canada  with  great  powers,  in  which  ca:se,  it  is  vn- 
probable  they  will  relinquish  their  present  positions  on  the  Lakes.  I 
have  communicated  with  Major  Craig  on  the  subject  you  commtmicated 
to  him.  He  will  let  you  know  the  probable  destination  of  the  troops 
the  ensuing  year,  which  however  is  not  so  conclusive,  but  that  it  may 
not  be  varied  according  to  circumstances. 

I  shall  be  happy  at  all  times  to  receive  yotir  opinions  of  the  western 
country.  My  only  object  is  so  to  dispose  of  the  forces  of  the  public  as 
shall  best  serve  its  interests. 

There  appears  to  be  a  general  disposition  rising  through  the  United 
States  to  strengthen  the  Federal  government.  All  the  states  (but  this) 
have  passed  the  impost,  and  it  must  ultimately  be  tlie  case  here,  altho' 
it  is  not  probable  it  will  be  accom})lished  this  session.  The  proposition 
of  Virginia  for  a  federal  convention,  respecting  the  investment  of  Con- 
gress with  the  powers  of  regulating  trade,  are  generally  approved,  and 
will  probably  be  acceded  to  by  all  the  states. 

Captain  Freeman  who  was  in  the  artillery,  son  of  your  friend  in 
Qubec,  is  in  this  city,  about  to  apply  to  Congress  for  relief,  concerning 
the  money  advanced  by  his  father.  There  have  not  been  nine  srate.s 
(since  the  new  Congress  ought  to  have  been  formed)  on  the  first  Monday 
in  Nov,  until  jesterday.  This  ha.s  retarded  his  business,  but  he  will 
now  proceed  and  it  is  probable  may  accomplish  his  object. 
I  am  dear  sir 

With  great  respect 

Your  humble  serv* 

H  Knox 
Genl  Wm  Irvine 

Carlisle  Pa 

Freeman  Sr  advanced  money  to  the  American  Prisoners  taken  at 
Trois  Eivieres,  when  Gen'  Thompson  was  captured. 

Matrimonial. — 
Rev.  Mr.  Wiley. 

Sir,  I  request  you  to  come  to  my  father's  House  at  the  Noreast  cor- 
ner of  4  and  Chesnut  Street  for  the  purpose  to  marrj'  Miss  Nancey  Bell 
and  I  together.  By  that  lawfull  institution  Handed  Down  to  us  from 
posterity  By  the  command  of  God. 

Yours  Respectfully 

Harvey  Parkhill 

Half  past  7  o'cl  tomorow  P.  M, 

Dec.  7th 

Letters  of  Willard  and  J.  W.  Gibbs  to  Peter  Verstille, 
Hartford,  Connecticl-t,  1777  (contributed  by  Mr.  Horace  W. 
Sellers).— 

Cajtp  at  White  Plains  13"^  Nov.  1777. 
Dear  Sir, 

An  opportunity  offering  of  writing  to  Hartford  I  have  taken  the 
liberty  to  trouble  you  with  a  little  Business  which  I  have  there,  not 


Notes  and  Queries.  245 

d(.ul>ting  y'  readiness  to  oblige  in  doing  it,  as  my  Brother  "VVillard  ^vilh 
whom  I  loft  my  allUirs  has  I  suppose  before  this  set  out  for  the  South- 
ward :  expecting  to  have  seen  him  again  in  a  few  days  when  we  parted 
at  }'ish  Kill,  I  did  not  ask  him  about  my  ]Mare,  which  I  left  with  M'  Will 
Hooker  to  pasture  c^  as  the  Season  is  mnv  tar  advanced,  wish  you  wou'd 
make  some  enquiry  about  her.  if  Willard  has  not  got  her  taken  care 
of,  wouM  be  much  oblig'd  to  you  to  procure  some  place  for  to  keep  her 
3  or  4  Weeks  to  Hay,  or  perhaps  not  so  long  as  I  expect  to  be  at  Hart- 
ford or  to  send  lor  her  in  a  short  Time  ;  Capt.  Wadsworth  perhaps 
wou'd  oblige  me  so  much  as  to  keep  her  a  short  time,  at  whose  Service 
ghe  maybe  if  he  has  occasion  to  use  her;  likewise  v/ou'd  be  much 
oblig'd  if  you  wou'd  supply  me  with  ab^  40  Dollars  on  Willard's 
Account,  and  I  will  see  you  repaid  shortly. 

I  shou'd  not  presume  to  ask  the,se  favors,  did  I  know  who  my  Brother 
has  left  his  aflairs  with,  but  as  I  do  not,  hope  you  will  excuse  the 
liberty  I  have  taken. 

We  arc  now  about  12  Miles  from  the  Enemy,  but  whether  we  shall 
advance  any  nigher  till  something  is  done  towards  Philad^  is  uncertain, 
shou'd  Howe  meet  with  the  fate  of  the  "  Gov' of  Fort  William"  I 
doubt  not  we  shall  be  in  possession  of  New  York. 

Billy  is  well  &  is  now  improving  this  opportunity  of  writing,  please 
to  make  my  respects  to  Mrs.  Yerstille  &  Compliments  to  all  friends, 
am  Sir,  with  esteem 

Your  humble  Servant 

Will  Gibbs 

Whiteplains  15  Nov  1777. 

Sir, 

Since  the  Letter  was  wrote  I  have  heard  Capt  Bulkley  is  coming  on 
Boon,  v/ou'd  be  much  oblig'd  if  you  wou'd  let  me  hear  from  you  by 
him.  W.  G. 

Easto"  Novem'  22,  1777. 
DR  Sir 

We  this  Evening  were  favor' d  with  your's  of  the  17"^  Inst.  &  thank 
you  for  the  early  advices  you  have  given  us  respecting  our  Business. 

By  a  Fishkill  paper  of  Thursday  last  observe  that  no  Flour  sho'^  be 
exported  out  of  the  State  without  the  special  Licence  of  the  Court, 
vrhich  Licence  will  be  difficult  for  us  to  obtain  &  the  Penalty  for  the 
Jsonobservance  of  that  Order  is  too  great  to  run  the  Hazard  of  sending 
the  Flour  along  without  one,  on  this  and  other  considerations  we  think 
it  w""  be  most  adviseable  for  us  not  to  have  the  Sugar  bro'  on  to  North 
River  &  should  the  Teams  not  have  left  Hartford  before  this  reaches 
you  wish  you  would  omit  sending  the  Sugar  on,  and  store  it  in  some 
safe  &  private  Place  for  the  present,  as  we  shall  make  Enquiry  at 
Lancaster  &  see  what  it  will  fetch  there  &  sho*  there  be  no  Prospect  of 
an  immediate  Sale  of  it  there  for  a  good  price,  believe  we  shall  request 
you  to  sell  it  in  Hartford,  wish  you  would  write  us  by  the  Return  of 
this  Post  directed  for  us  at  Lancaster  v.-here  we  shall  make  our  next 
Quarters  as  we  purpose  leaving  this  in  a  few  Days,  as  we  would  wish  to 
'^''ow  the  most  that  Sugars  of^that  quality  will' fetch  in  Hartford,  but 
^no'*  they  remain  stored  any  considerable  Time  hope  the  reasons  set 
forth  in  M''  B's  Letters  will  be  sufficient  to  prevent  any  Danger  of 
''•■iving  them  seised  for  the  State  of  Connecticut,  wish  you  wouM  like- 
*is<;  advise  us  of  the  Prices  of  West  India  Goods,  Indigo,  Tobacco  & 


246 


Notes  and  Queries. 


Peice  Goods.     Our  best  Ee5])ects   to  M"  Verstille,   Mijs  Betsy  &  all 
otber  Friends — iu  Behalf  of  M'  Bromfield  ^^  myself  am  Sir 

vour  Frieud  &  very  hum'"'  Se* 

J.    W.    GiBDS 
SUXDAY   MORXIXG. 

P.S.  By  an  Express  just  arrived  from  our  Camp  we  bear  that  there 
was  a  most  tremendous  Cannonade  last  Thursday  at  Ked  Bank,  Lord 
Cornwallis  crossed  the  Delaware  with  three  thousand  c^  General  Wilson 
with  two  thousand  c<c  attack'd  the  Fort  on  Red  Bank  last  Thursday  in 
consequence  of  which  General  Greens  Division  passed  the  Delaware  to 
reinforce  our  Troops  &  Gen'  Huntington  went  over  with  bis  Brigade 
as  a  further  Reinforcement.  The  galleys  have  all  come  up  the  River  12 
mile  above  Philad" — a  further  Cannonade  was  heard  on  Fryday  by 
which  we  may  conclude  that  the  Enemy  did  not  succeed  on  Thursday 
we  every  Moment  expect  to  hear  something  decisive  from  that  Quarter 
&  I  sincerely  wish  it  may  terminate  in  our  Favor — the  Post  just  going 
oft'  prevents  my  being  more  particular. 

Yours  &c. 

J.    W.    GiBBS. 


Peale  Portrait.?. — The  following  list  of  portraits  painted  by 
Charles  Wilison  Peale  has  been  compiled  from  a  memorandum-book 
of  the  artist  by  Mr.  Horace  W.  Sellers  : 

1778. 
Major  Rogers,  a  small  whole  length 
Mr.  Lawrence,  in  miniature 

Mr.  Morris,  do 

Mr.  Gouv"^  Morris,  do 

Col.  Basset,  do 

Col.  Ballister,  do 

Mr.  Custis,  do 

CoL  Baylor,  do 

Mr.  John  Baker  of  N.  H.  do 

Capt.  Medicia,  do 

Mr.  Blair,  do 

Mrs.  Brown,  do 

("Commenced  after  going  gunning  with  Col.  Ramsey, 

Major  Franks,  do  ...         . 

("Painted  last  Spring  at  Valley  Forge.") 

Mons.  Doree,  do 

Dr.  Peters,  copy  for  Mrs.  Ferguson,  do  .         .         . 

Mr.  Young — two  half  lengths,  to  begin  immediately  after  the 
Gen.  Washington  is  finished. 

Mrs.  Brown,  in  miniature. 

1779. 

Copy  of  Gen'  Washington  for  Mons.  Gerard. 

Capt.  Farris,  of  Light  Horse  of  Germantown,  a  miniature. 

Gen'  St  Clair,  a  miniature. 

Mr.  Duer  and  Lady  Kitty's  pictures  .... 

Baron  Steuben,  his  picture 

Baron  de  Kalb  "  ...... 

Baron  de  Kalb,  a  copy 


$140 

$100 
$100 
$100 
$100 
$100 
$100 
$100 
$120 
$120 
$120 
$120 

$75 


$152 
picture  of 


15  Gui. 

10    " 

10    " 

6    " 


Notes  and  Queries,  247 

(;>'ii'  Wnshiiigton,  for  a  miniature  copy  of  his  picture,  sent  to  his  si^^ter 

in  Virginia. 
(( i;ive  the  copy  of  Gen'  Washington's  miniature,  with  the  Gen''  letter  to 

his  sister  at  Fredericksburg,  to  Mr.  Slieaf  who  is  setting  out  for 

that  place.) 
Miirquis  de  la  Fayette,  portrait  for  Gen.  Washington. 
Mr.  Duer  and  Lady  Kitty's  miniatures. 
JAt.  Hall's  picture,  alterations  to. 
Mr.  Harris's  picture  by  Pine,  painted  epaulet  ih  it. 

Painted  the  Eagle  in  Col. <fe  Gen.  Williams'  pictures. 

Mr.  Charles  Macubbin's  portrait. 
Mrs.  Hutchinson's  miniature. 

Ai  Baltimore  August  SO  to  November  3. 

Mr.  Richard  Gittiugs,  K.C.  size. 

Mr.  fc  Mrs.  Johnson,  head  size. 

Mr,  Konaldo  Johnson,  miniature. 

Mr.  <t  Mrs.  Laming,  in  one  piece. 

Mr.  W""  Smith  &  Gen.  Williams'  son,  quarter  size. 

Mrs.  Culbreath,  head  size. 

Mr.  J.  Carroll,  miniature. 


Copy  of  Gen'  Washington. 
P.i-hop  White,  portrait. 

1795. 

Alexander  Eobinson  and  Angelica  (Peale)  his  wife,  in  one  piece. 
Copy  of  ditto 

1798. 

Mr.  James  DePeyster  and  lady,  miniature,  $35.  ea. 

do  do     portraits  of  same,  $40.  ea. 

Sophia  DePeyster,  their  daughter. 
Copy  of  portraits  of  Aunt  Nancy  DePeyster's  parents  ;  original  by 

Frenchman,  about  1768. 
Mr.  John  DePeyster,  portrait, 
Mr?.  do  do 

Major  Stagg's  father,      do 
Viv^.  Gerard  DePeyster. 
Mr.  &  Mrs.  William  DePeyster. 
Mr«.  Peale. 
John  DePeyster. 
Mrs.  Cammin,  miniature. 

do       copy. 
Mr?.  Cammin. 


l'!78.   Oct.  16.  Began  a  drawing  in  order  to  make  a  mezzotinto  of  Gen' 

Washington  ;  got  a  plate  of  Mr.  Brook's,  and  in  pay  I  am  to  give 

him  20  of  the  prints  in  the  first  100  struck  off. 
AVr.  16.  Began  to  print  off  the  small  plate  of  Gen'  Washington,  and 

continued  in  the  same  business  all  day,  and  found  myself  at  night 

very  unwell. 


248  No(es  and  Qume^. 

Portraits  oj  Geii^    Washington  presented. 
French  Ambassador, 
Major  Fooks  or  Merrald, 
Mr.  Kittenhou^e, 
Mr.  Paine, 

Mr.  Laurens,  president  of  Congress, 
Mr.  McAlli.-ter, 
Mr.  Dunlap, 
Mr.  Davidson, 
Mrs.  Jjuie  Brewer, 
Mrs.  Kogers. 

Prints  oJ  G(n^   Washington  disposed  of. 
Left  for  sale  at  Mr.  Dunlap' s,       2  dozen. 

Mr.  McAllister's,  1 


Mr.  Juznee, 

1       " 

Mr.  Merrald, 

4 

Mr.  Davidson, 

2       " 

Dr.  , 

1  plate. 

Col.  Bull, 

2      " 

Annapolis, 

2      " 

DiLL\VYN  GexkaloCtICAL  Notes. — Extracted  from  Genealogical 
Memoranda  of  the  Ancestors  of  William  and  Sarah  Dillwyn  and  their 
families,  compiled  in  lSu9  by  W.  JDillwyn  and  copied  by  I.  N.  D.  in 
1825,  with  a  few  additions. 

William  Dillwyn  and  Sarah  Fuller,  of  West  Chillingtou,  in  Sussex, 
were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Philadelphia.  They  had  one  son  and 
two  daughters,  of  whom  only  the  son,  John,  survived  minority. 

John  Dillwyn  married,  first,  ^lercy  Pierce.     Their  issue  was   Mary, 
who  died  in  minority,  and  Sarah,  born  9^  month,  1720,  who  in   1751 
married  Thomas  Davis,  of  Philadelphia.     Thomas  Davis  was  from  Xew 
Penrith,  in  Cumberland.     He  died  11^  month  25,  1757,  without  issue. 
John  Dillwyn  married,  second,  Susanna  Painter.     He  was  born  in  1693, 
and  died  7""  month  19,  1748.     Susanna  was  born  1''  month,  1712,  and 
died  6'^  month  1,  1784.    They  were  married  in  Philadelphia  12'"  mouth 
7,  1733.     Of  their  twelve  children  but  four  survived  infancy,  namely  : 
George,   b.    2  26,  1738;  m.,  1759,   Sarah,  dau.   of  Eichard  Hill,  of 
Madeira,  and  had  no  issue.     George  was  a  minister  of  the  Society 
of  Friends,  and  resided  in  Burlington,  New  Jersey. 
Lydia,  b.  7  21,  1740  ;  d.  8  6,  1753. 

William,  b.  10  2,  1743  ;  m.  5  19,  1768,  Sarah  Logan,  dau.  of  John 
Smith,  of  Burlington,  who  died  4  23,  1769,  leaving  issue  a  daughter 
Susannah,  b.  3  31,  1769;  m.  4  16,  1795;  Samuel,  son  of  Samuel 
Emlen,  of  Philadelphia,  who  was  born  at  Bristol,  England,  9  4, 
1766,  where  his  niother  died  the  ll"',  and  was  buried  the  18"''  of  1'' 
month,  1767  ;  Samuel  Emlen,  Sr.,  b.  at  Philadelphia  3  15,  1729,30  ; 
m.  Elizabeth  Ward,  of  Philadelphia.  The  father  and  son  were  in 
England  1784/5. 
Ann,  b.  2  4,  1740  ;  m.  10'"  month,  1785,  John  Cox,  whose  first  wife 
was  Hannah,  the  2nd  daughter  of  John  Smith,  who  left  him  a 
daughter,  married  1"  month,  1804,  to  Dr.  David.  John  and  Ann 
Cox  had  issue  one  daughter,  Susanna,  b.  7""  month,  1788  ;  m.  10 
20,  1808,  Dr.  Joseph  Parrish,  of  Philadelphia. 


Notes  and  Qi/erics.  249 

The  said  William  Dilh\yii  married,  secondly,  11  27,  1777,  Samh, 
the  only  daughter  of  Lewis  and  Edith  Westou,  of  London,  who  was 
l>orn  in  London  3  20,  1751.  They  had  issue  sons  and  daugliters, 
namely  : 

Lewis  Weston,  b.  8  21,  1778;  m.,  7  13,  1807.  :Mary,  dau.  of  John 
Llewellyn,  of  Penllyne,  in  Glamorganshire.  They  had  issue  throe 
sons  and  three  daughters,  viz.  :  Fanny  Llewellvn,  b.  5  19,  ISOS  ; 
John,  b.  1  12,  1810;  William,  b.  7  11,  1812;  d.  4  27,1819; 
Ivewis  Llewellvn,  M.  P.,  b.  5  19,  1814  ;  Mary,  b.  3  8,  181(3  ;  Sarah 
Llewellvn,  b.  8  9,  1818. 

John  Crook,  b,  7  18.  1780  ;  d.  6  5,  1781. 

Judith  Nichols,  b.  8  26,  1781  ;  m.  Paul  Beuan,  of  Tottenham. 

Ann,  b.  9  11,  1783;  m.,  9  27,  1810,  E.  Dykes  Alexander,  of  Ips- 
wich, in  Suffolk. 

Lydia,  b.  4  11,  1785  ;  m.,  4''>  mo.,  1823,  Dr.  John  Sims,  of  London. 

George,  b.  3  14,  1790. 

William  Dilhvyn,  the  second  of  the  name  in  America,  and  compiler 
of  the  above  memoranda,  was  the  son  of  John  Dillwyn,  of  Philadelphia, 
who,  dying  of  yellow  fever  in  1748,  when  his  children  were  young,  the 
time  and  place  of  birth  of  his  father  are  not  known.  He  may  have 
been  a  native  of  Brecknockshire,  in  South  Wales. 

Sarah  Fuller's  mother  having  died,  her  father  married  a  second  wife, 
who,  after  his  death,  married  John  Barnea,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Pennsylvania,  who  at  his  decease  gave  most  of  his  property  to  his  nomi- 
nal daughter. 

John  Dillwyn,  the  compiler's  father,  was  born  and  died  in  Phila- 
delphia. His  widow  married,  lO""  month,  1756,  Peter  Worrell,  of  Lan- 
caster, v,-here  they  lived  from  1759  to  1763,  when  they  removed  to  Bur- 
lington, West  New  Jersev,  where  they  both  died,  she,  6  1,  1784 ;  he, 
3  23,  1786. 

Until  the  autumn  of  1763  I  resided  in  Pennsylvania,  and  afterward 
in  New  Jersey,  with  the  exception  of  a  journey  to  New  England  in 
1764,  and  two  voyages  to  South  Carolina  in  1773  and  1774.  I  then,  in 
the  5^'' month,  embarked  at  Philadelphia  for  Bristol,  and  in  the  ll"" 
month,  1775,  returned  to  Burlington,  during  the  hostilities  which  ter- 
minated in  the  independence  of  my  native  country. 

In  the  5'^  month,  1777,  after  passing  both  the  hostile  armies  with  a 
flag  of  truce,  I  embarked  at  New  York  and  returned  via  Cork,  Swansea 
and  Bristol  to  London,  since  wliich  time  I  have  been  an  English  resi- 
dent 

Samuel  and  Susanna  Emlen  lived  at  West  Hill,  Burlington,  New 
Jersey,  in  a  house  afterward  occupied  by  Pachard  Smith,  a  cousin  of  S. 
E.  and  later  by  Eliza  K.,  widow  of  Joseph  Gurney,  of  Norwich,  Eng- 
land. 

Charles  Willson  Peale,  in  his  autobiographical  notes,  mentions  a 
number  of  incidents  which  occurred  while  he  was  "Commissioner  to 
i^ize  the  personal  effects  of  Traitors"  (appointed  October  21,  1777), 
The  following  are  interesting  : 

''  He  was  appointed  by  the  Counsil  of  Safety  for  Pennsylvania  (then 
resident  at  Lancaster)  one  of  the  agents  to  secure  the  property  of  such 
citizens  as  had  joined  the  British  interests  and  were  Proclaimed  by  a 
Particular  act  of  the  Government.    Mr.  Sharpe  Delany  and  Mr.  Robert 


250  Notes  and  Quaics. 

Smith  were  the  others  in  appointment ;  Mr.  Dclany  declined  acoei.t- 
ing  of  the  office.  The  spring  follo\\iug,  frequent  accounts  concurred  to 
the  helief  that  the  British  would  evacuate  the  City,  and  about  a  week 
before  the  evacuation  took  place,  Peale  had  a  conversation  with  Gcnl. 
Arnold,  (he  was  then  painting  his  likeness  in  miniature),  about  the 
Enemy  leaving  the  City,  and  Peale  told  the  General  that  he  intended  to 
ride  into  the  City  as  soon  as  the  British  should  leave  it.  This  the 
General  said  sliould  not  be  done  as  he  was  determined  to  prevent  any 
persons  from  going  in,  which  he  said  he  could  do  by  his  being  appointed 
the  Commanding  officer  to  take  possession  of  the  City  and  all  the  stores 
belonging  to  the  enemy.  Peale  remonstrated  again.st  such  an  order, 
which  would  prevent  many  persons  from  seeing  their  families  from 
whom  they  had  separated  themselves  so  long.  The  General  seemed  deter- 
mined in  his  resolution  and  Peale  went  immediately  to  wait  on  General 
Washington  expecting  that  he  had  sufficient  interest  there  to  obtain  a 
pass  into  the  City.  The  General  was  engaged  in  business  and  Peale 
told  Col.  Tilghman  (the  General's  Aid)  what,  had  passed  between  him 
and  Gen'l.  Arnold.  Col.  Tilghman  seemed  much  surprised  that  Gen'l. 
Arnold  should  undertake  such  a  measure,  and  promised  Peale  a  pass  at 
any  time  he  should  call,  after  the  evacuation  had  taken  place.  Perhaps 
this  intimation  given  in  Gen'l.  Washington's  family  may" have  prevented 
Gen'l.  Arnold's  attempting  such  a  measure. 

"As  soon  as  the  evacuation  was  known  to  have  taken  place,  Peale 
obtained  his  pass,  altho'  there  was  no  occasion  for  him  to  have  taken 
that  trouble,  as  free  ingress  was  permitted  to  every  one.  As  soon  as  he 
could  secure  a  house  to  bring  his  family  to,  he  removed  into  the  City, 
and  afterwards  began  to  execute  the  verj-  disagreeable  office  of  Agent 
for  securing  and  selling  the  conllscatcd  estates. 

"The  first  object  on  entering  on  this  business  was  to  make  a  trouble- 
some undertaking  as  easy  as  possible  by  beginning  with  the  property 
of  those  who  were  of  the  most  consideration  among  those  named  in  the 
Proclamation  of  the  President  and  Counsil.  The  Agents  accordingly 
went  to  Mrs.  Galloway,  who  had  remained  in  Mr.  Galloway's  House  in 
Market  Street.  They  gave  her  notice  that  they  would  call  "the  next  day 
and  take  possession  of  Mr.  Galloway's  property,  but  when  they  cama  to 
the  house  at  the  appointed  hour,  they  found  all  the  doors  and'  windows 
secured  and  no  admittance  allowed.  The  Agents  expecting  that  oppo- 
sition would  be  made,  had  taken  the  opinion  of  the  Attorney  General, 
who  advised  them  to  use  force  if  they  should  be  opposed  in  the  execu- 
tion of  their  office.  Therefore  on  finding  the  House  barred  against  them, 
they  began  to  break  open  the  back  door,  and  while  they  were  about  this 
business,  the  Honorable  the  Executive  Counsil  sent  "for  them.  After 
the  Agents  had  acquainted  the  Counsil  with  the  manner  in  which  they 
had  begun  this  business,  and  that  they  acted  by  the  advice  of  the 
Attorney  General,  the  Hon'ble  the  Executive  Counsil  desired  them  to 
proceed  to  take  Possession  by  force. 

"  When  they  had  forced  the  doors  and  got  into  the  House,  they  found 
that  Mr.  Boudinot  was  there  as  Counsel  employed  by  Mrs.  Galloway. 
He  produced  an  Instrument  in  writing  and  said  that  he  intended  to 
prosecute  the  Agents  for  the  forcible  entry  which  they  had  made.  The 
Agents'  reply  was  that  they  were  willing  to  abide  by  the  Consequences, 
a.s  they  had  not  acted  without  advice. 

"  Mrs.  Galloway  did  not  seem  disposed  to  leave  the  House  altho'  she 


No(c3  and  Queries.  251 

J.:ul  her  fiioiuls  ready  to  receive  her.  Poale  went  to  Gen'l.  ArnoM  ;\i>d 
l^.rrowcd  his  carriage  and  wheu  it  came  to  the  door  he  took  Mrs.  Gallo- 
vav  !iv  the  hand  and  conducted  her  to  the  charriot.' 

••  'i'he  same  sort  of  business  they  were  likely  to  have  niot  with  at  Mrs. 
rii'X maker's,  but  on  that  occasion  Mr.  Boudiuot  agreed  to  give  peace- 
rMc  po>fe5?;iori  on  the  morning  following,  which  terms  were  accepted  by 
t;  0  Agents,  as  they  wished  to  make  things  as  easy  as  they  could  for 
ihose  whose  misfortune  it  was  to  come  within  their  notice." 

I'lKK  County,  Pexxsylvaxia,  Marriages,  1S08-1S09. — Mr. 
r.-nnk  Farnsworth  Starr,  Middletown,  Connecticut,  contributes  the 
r.iliowing  marriage  records  from  the  docket  of  Squire  John  Brink,  of 
Mi! ford,  Pa.  : 

John  Westbrook  to  Sarah  Brodhead,  Febrv  14.  ISOS.     Pd.  $'2. 

Jacob  Helms  to  Permelia  Eidgway,  June  2i5,  1S08.     Pd.  $1. 

John  Lattimore  to  Dorothy  Y^  Etten,  July  10,  1808.     Pd.  j^l. 

Daniel  Brink  to  Elizabeth  Barnes,  Xovember  6,  1808. 

John  McKane  to  Luerecv  Peach,  November  10,  1S08.     Pd.  ^2. 

Jesse  Welles  to  Caxbarir/e  Cox,  June  11,  1809.     Pd.  $1. 

DEWEE3  Genealogical  Notes. — The  dates  of  birth  and  death  of 
Samuel  and  Mary  (Coburn)  Dewees  are  unknown  to  me.  I  have  been 
toM  that  they  were  buried  iu  the  old  Baptist  church-yard  on  West  Short 
Street,  Lexington-,  Kentucky,  from  v.hich  all  the  bodies  were  removed 
fo:ne  years  ago,  and  tlie  early  records  of  the  congregation  are  not  pre- 
hi-rved.  The  records  of  Fayette  and  Woodford  Counties  fail  to  shovr  any 
will  or  deed  executed  by  William  Dewees.  Mrs.  Dewees  was  a  sister  of 
Judge  John  Coburn,  of  the  Federal  Court  of  Kentucky.  Their  children 
were  : 
B'lchel,  m.  John  Wilson,  of  Washington,  Kentuckv,  and  had  issue  : 

John  S.,  b.  April  28,  1812 ;  d.  S^eptember  4,  1890,  at  Clifton,  Ken- 
tucky. 

Mary,  d.  unmarried. 

Basil  Duhe,   m.,   first,   Ryland,  of   Missouri  ;   second,  

Young. 

Farmer,  d.  unmarried. 

Sallie,  in.  Thomas  Duke. 

Eliza,  d.  young. 
SiUie,  ra.  Robert  Taylor,  of  Washington,  Kentucky,  and  had  issue  : 

Jarn€.i,  ra.  Fanny  Browning. 

Jane,  ra.  Charles  Marshall,  Fleming  County,  Kentucky. 
J-'irmfr,  b.  October  18,  1791  ;  d.  July  28,  1869;  ?«.  Mary  Ann  Holmes. 
John  Coburn,  b.  July  4,  1797  ;  d.  November  26,  1877  ;  m.,  December 
26,  1820,  Mary  Bayless,  daughter   of  Benjamin  and  Elizabeth 
(AVood)  Bayless,  and  had  issue : 

Mary,  m.  Samuel  B.  Poyntz,  of  Maysville,  Kentucky. 

Elizabeth  Bayless,  d.  an  infant. 

Anna,  d.  young. 

Elizabeth,  d.  unmarried. 

\}^'^-  El'^'a^^cth  Drinker,  in  her  Journal,  records  : 

'''"5,  July  25.— They  have  taken  an  account  yesterday  or  ye  day  before  of  Joseph 
OaUoway's  and  Sitramy  Shoemaker's  property,  witli  design  to  confiscate." 

■'  AuguM  20.— Grace  Galloway  turned  out  of  her  house  this  forenoon,  and  a  Spanish 
t-mccr  put  In." 


252  Notes  and  Queries. 

Jiina  Maria,  d.  an  infiint. 

Samuel/a    Tonnehill   (usually    called    Ella),   m.    Colonel    Jolin    C. 

Cochran. 
Kathcrine    Little,    m.    Lieutenant    Oliver    Hazard    Perry    Tayl.r 
U.S.  A.,  who  was  killed   by  Indians  near   Fort  Walla  Walla. 
May  16,  1858. 
Maria  Chbournetta ,  m.,  first,  Samuel  E.  Frazee  ;  second,  Daniel  1'. 

Clark. 
Rachd  Wihon,  d.  an  infant. 

Sarah  Taylor,  m.  John  M.  Duke,  of  Maysville,  Kentucky. 
Eliza,  rn.  Wilkins  Tannehill,  of  Nashville,  Tennessee,  and  had  issue  : 
Mary,  in.  William  T.  Berry. 

Wilkins,  Jr.,  m.  

Anne,  m.  William  Bayless. 
Eliza,  in.  Albert  Gleaves. 

SamncUa,  in. Abcrnathy. 

The  Dewees  plantation  was  located  on  the  South  Elkhorn  Creek,  nine 
miles  from  Lexington,  Kentucky.  There  are  a  large  number  of  the 
descendants,  through  the  female  lines,  scattered  through  the  AVestein 
States,  and  these  genealogical  namea  have  been  prepared  with  a  view  to 
assist  them.  Samuel  P.  Cochran. 

Dallas,  Texas. 

Old  Bill  of  Ladixg. — We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  W.  M.  Mervine  for 
the  following  copy  of  an  old  bill  of  lading,  and  sailing  instructions,  to  be 
found  in  volume  of  "  Early  Eecords,  1714,"  Clerk's  Oifice,  New  Bruns- 
wick, New  Jersey,  page  420. 

Ameoy  August,  IS"":  1711. 
Capt  :  KiNiON 

You  are  hereby  ordered  to  sett  Sail  forth-with — (wind  &  weather  per- 
mitting) for  North  Carolina — where  please  God  we  hope  you  will  safe 
arrive,  there  you  are  to  dispose  with  ye  Cargoc  Consigned  to  you  with 
All  ye  dispatch  possible  &  make  returns  In  such  Comodities  as  you  will 
think  best  &  most  to  our  Advantage,  returning  Directly  for  this  Port,  so 
wee  heartily  wish  you  A  good  Voyage  &  Conclude 

Your  friends  &  serv^ 

John  Stevens, 
Andrew  Kobeson, 
John  Parker. 

Shiped  by  ye  Grace  of  God  In  good  order  &  well  conditioned  In  ye 
Sloope  called  ye  Ursula,  whereof  is  master  under  God  for  this  present 
Voyage  M'  Roger  Kenyon  &  now  riding  At  Anchor  In  ye  Harbour  ot 
Amboy  &  by  Gods  Grace  bound  for  North  Carolina  (to  say)  Sundry 
goods  &  Merchandise  Amounting  to  As  p'' :  Invoycs,  one  Hundred  <fc 
one  pound  Eleven  shillings  &  three  pence,,  three  farthing  being  three 
seavenths  on  Accpt  &  Risce  of  ye  s'*  Master  two  seavenths  on  Accpt  »Sc 
Risqe  of  John  Stevens  Sc  two  seavenths  on  Accpt  &  Risqe  of  John  Par- 
ker— &  is  to  be  delivered  At  ye  Afores*  Port  In  ye  Like  good  order  (i 
well  Condition,  unto  ye  s^  ]\Iaster,  freight  Already  paid  ye  danger  of  ye 
Seas  only  f^xcepted,  In  witness  whereof  ye  Miister  of  ye  s''  Sloop  haih 
Afiirmed  to  three  Bills  of  Lading  All  of  this  Tenor  &  date  ye  one  of 
which  being  Accomplished  ye  other  to  stand  Voyd,  dated  In  Aniboy 
ye  13th  of  August  1714.  Roger  Kenyon. 


JS^ies  and  Quenc^s.  253 

Extracts  from  the  Diary  of  a  Philapelphia  JLercpiant. The 

first  school  I  attended  was  Peter  AViddows,  on  Front  Street,  near  Arch  • 
the  second,  Mr.  Maison.  Among  my  companions  were  Henr}-  Baker' 
William  Warren,  Henry  Warren,  Charles  Potts,  Percival  Potts,  Henry 
Krvin,  Jacob  Lex,  and  Levi  Holliusworth.  I  was  then  sent  [1S22]  to 
the  Moravian  school,  Naziireth  Hall,  where  I  remained  two  years  and 
»iix  months.  My  chissniate,  Andrew  A.  Humphreys,  was  admitted  to 
West  Point  Academy.  At  Sanderson's  school  I  attended  in  the  years 
1S25-1826,  and  among  the  scholars  I  recall  Charles  Buck,  William 
Wall,  Samuel  Bradford,  George  Hall,  William  Wallace,  Montgomery 
Ixnvis,  Lucas  Burke,  Henry  Cadwalader,  and  George  Chapman.  Mv 
fifth  school  was  the  High  School  of  the  Franklin  Instftute.  In  the  class 
were  Samuel  Bradford,  George  Hall,  Henry  Cadwalader,  Edward  Til  Leh- 
man, Benjamin  Ingersoll,  C.  Muhlenberg,  Edward  David,  Cornelius 
Crosby,  John  Caldwell,  John  M.  Harper,^Thomas  White,  Edward  1^- 
hir,  John  L.  AVilson,  Samuel  Sitgreaves,  Stephen  I^eonard,  Charlea 
Horner,  William  Patterson,  WilUam  Rawle,  Francis  Huger,  John 
Biddle,  Edward  Wain,  William  M<=Murtrie,  George  and  flasel  W^ilson, 
Joseph  Paul,  John  Warder,  John  Bispham,  W'^illiam  Stockton,  and 
others.     I  took  lessons  in  PVeuch,  German,  and  Spanish. 

1S29,  March  1. — Delaware  river  frozen  over  ;  many  people  on  the  ice. 

Juhj  25. — Saturday  morning  at  2  o'clock  my  father's  old  friend,  John 
B.  Baker,  departed  this  life. 

July  S6. — I  set  out  for  Baltimore  and  AVashington,  at  the  latter  place 
put  up  at  Gadsby's  Hotel.  Called  on  President  Jackson,  visited  the 
Capitol,  navy  yard,  patent  ofHce,  and  other  buildings.  Returned  to 
Baltimore  and  made  a  trip  to  Annapolis.  At  Ellicott's^Mills  I  saw  about 
800  feet  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  rail  road  just  finished.  Returned 
home  via  York  and  Lancaster,  after  an  absence  of  near  three  weeks. 

ISSO,  June  17. — Visited  Mauch  Chunk  and  the  coal  beds  ;  rode  on  the 
railway  with  Mr.  White,  the  manager  of  the  company,  and  a  large  party 
of  gentlemen. 

1S31,  February  11. — Walk  across  the  Delaware  on  the  ice;  many 
sleighs  carrying  passengers  over. 

Letter  of  Elias  Boudinot  to  Mrs.  Ferguson,  in  the  Dreer 
Collection. — 

, ,      ^  Philadelphia,  March  6, 1779. 

My  Dear  Madam 

Your  obliging  Favour  of  Monday  last  came  safe  to  hand,  for  which  I 
bope  to  make  my  acknowledgments  in  person  about  the  middle  of  nest 
week,  but  cannot  think  of  giving  you  the  Trouble  of  sending  the  Car- 
riage to  this  distance,  if  my  health  should  permit,  can  get  a  Friend's 
Horse  which  AVilliam  can  bring  back  on  the  next  day. 

I  am  thoroughly  convinced  of  the  hospitality  of  Graeme  Park,  and 
can  assure  my  valuable  Friend  that  there  is  not  a  spot  in  Pennsylvania 
that  will  be  more  agreeable  to  me,  even  if  Things  there  were  as  de- 
ranged as  many  narrow  minds  might  wish  them  to  be — I  have  the 
greatest  confidence  that  the  Pleasure  I  shall  enjoy  in  the  agreeable  soci- 
ety of  that  rural  seat  will  greatly  facilitate  my  returning  Health  and 
.vicld  me  more  real  satisfaction  tlian  can  be  found  amidst  the  bustle  «& 
confusion  of  this  divided  city. 

^ly  best  wishes  attend  you  and  Miss  Stedman,  from  whose  vivacity  & 


254  Notes  a7id  Quenes. 

Judgment  I  promise  myself  great  advantage  in  point  of  Spirits,  as  \v«!] 
fts  Health. 

I  have  not  been  inattentive  to  your  atfairs  here,  and  am  happy  to  Uad 
that  your  publication  has  had  the  most  happy  ciVect  on  the  minds  of 
many  People  ;  altho'  I  cannot  yet  learn  that  any  thing  conclusive  is 
agreed  on — perhaps  by  the  time  I  pay  you  the  intended  visit,  I  mav 
know  more  of  the  matter. 

I  am  with  great  Sincerity  and  Esteem 

Dear  Madam 

Yours  very  Afl"*'^ 

Elias  Boudi>-ot. 
Mrs.  Ferguson 

Graeme  Park, 


Queries. 

ViCKERS. — Thomas  and  Esther  Vickers,  of  Shrewsbury.  Xew  Jersey, 
had  four  sons,  one  of  whom  was  Abraham,  born  9  mo.  11,  1690/1.  He 
purchased   a   farm  in  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1726,  and  dkd 

there  1757.     His  wife  v»-as  Mary .     Her  maiden  name  is  wanted, 

and  also  the  place  and  date  of  her  marriage. 

Abraham  and  Mary  Vickers  had  four  sons  and  four  daughters  ;  one 

of  the   former,    Peter,  married  Ann  .      What  was  Ann's  maiden 

name,  where  was  she  married,  and  in  what  year?  Their  daughter  Mary 
married  Moses  Coates  in  1777,  at  E;ist  Cain  Meeting,  Chester  County, 
Pennsylvania. 

Charles  Marshall. 


asook  Notices. 

History  of  the  Penrose  Family  of  Philadelphia.  By  Josiah 
Granville  Leach,  LL.B.  Philadelphia,  1903.  8vo,  pp.  163. 
Hlustratcd.  Published  for  private  circulation. 
Bartholomew  Penrose,  the  founder  of  the  Penrose  family  of  Phila- 
delphia, was  a  native  of  England,  and  engaged  with  a  brother  at  Bristol, 
Gloucestershire,  in  the  ship-building  business  prior  to  his  coming  to  the 
Province  of  Pennsylvania,  about  the  year  1700.  Soon  after  becoming 
a  resident  of  Philadelphia,  he  purchased  a  property  at  what  is  now 
Delaware  Avenue  and  I\Iarket  Street,  and  commenced  the  building  of 
vessels,  in  some  of  vrhich  he  was  part  owner,  and  continued  in  the  busi- 
ness until  his  death  in  1711.  In  1703  he  married  Esther,  daughter  of 
Toby  Leech,  one  of  the  large  landed  proprietors  of  the  province.  For 
upwards  of  a  century  some  of  his  descendants  were  actively  identified 
with  the  business,  building  vessels  for  both  the  merchant  and  naval  ser- 
vices. Among  other  de-scendants  may  be  noted  Col.  Joseph  Penrose, 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Continental  Line  ;  Hon.  Clement  Biddle  Penrose, 
and  his  son,  Hon.  Charles  Bingham  Penrose,  a  Commissioner  of  the 
Louisiana  Territory  and  a  prominent  member  of  the  Assembly  (*f  Penn- 
sylvania ;  Major  James  ^V.  Penrose,  U.  S.  A.,  who  served  with  dis- 
tinction in  the  war  with  Mexico  ;  Medical  Director  Thomas  N.  Penrose, 
U.  S.  N.,  who  was  attached  to  Farragut's  fleet  at  New  Orleans  and 
Vicksburg  ;  Col.  William  McF.  Penrose,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Reserves, 


Notes  and  Quaies.  255 

during  the  Civil  War  ;  Dr.  Richard  A.  F.  Pt'urose,  the  distiiigiiishod 
physioiim  and  Proftvsor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Ciii!- 
drcn  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  his  son,  Hon.  Boies  Penrose, 
I'liitcd  States  Senator  from  Pennsylvania;  Hon.  Clement  B.  Penr".-f, 
the  jurist  and  judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court  of  Philadelphia  ;  Col. 
Charlc-s  B.  Penrose,  who  served  with  distinction  during  the  Civil  War, 
and  later  in  the  regular  army  ;  and  Gen.  William  H.  Penrose,  U.  S.  A., 
whose  distinguished  services  in  the  Civil  War  gained  him  six  brevets. 
Through  the  female  lines  we  lind  the  names  of  Shoemaker,  Mather, 
Wayne,  Kobinsou,  Bingham,  Mcllvainc,  Perkins,  Biddle,  and  others. 
As  a  history  of  the  family  the  records  are  complete  and  accurate, 
evincing  the  usual  careful  labors  of  the  compiler.  The  book  is  printetl 
on  heavy  paper,  with  broad  margins,  the  illustrations  are  numerous  and 
tlie  head-  and  tail-pieces  are  from  original  designs,  and  this  beautifid 
volume  reflects  much  credit  on  all  concerned  in  its  production. 

A  New  History  of  Pexnsylvaxia. — The  Pennsylvania  Society  of 
New  York  announces  that  in  connection  with  the  forthcoming  Year- 
Book — which  will  contain  a  full  record  of  the  Society's  work  in  the 
year  1903 — it  will  publish  a  history  of  Pennsylvania,  entitled  '•  Penn- 
sylvania :  A  Primer,"  by  Barr  Ferree,  the  Secretary  of  the  Society. 

This  Primer  has  been  prepared  to  present,  in  the  most  concise  foim 
possible,  the  essential  facts  of  Pennsylvania  history.  Intended  to  serve 
as  a  summary  of  Pennsylvania  afiairs,  available  for  the  busy  num 
fecarching  for  facts  only,  the  text  is  arranged  in  paragraphs,  which,  in 
their  turn,  are  gathered  into  related  chapters.  It  is  an  elementary  text- 
book, arranged  on  a  new  and  original  plan  which  adds  to  its  usefulnc-s 
to  the  student  and  the  reader. 

It  aims  to  present  all  the  leading  and  essential  facts  in  Pennsylvania 
history,  and  includes  information  on  many  points  not  to  be  found  in 
other  elementary  works.  The  Chronological  Summary  alone  contains 
more  than  four  hundred  entries. 

The  illustrations,  which  form  an  important  feature,  will  consist  of 
reproductions  of  maps,  fac-similes,  autographs,  and  similar  historical 
material.  It  is  the  only  general  text-book  of  Pennsylvania  history  in 
which  the  illustrations  are  entirely  of  historical  documents. 

Co.vococHEAGUE  Gexealogies.  Missing  Braxches  of  our 
Oldest  Family.  Bv  G.  0.  Seilhamer.  Chambcrsburg,  Pa., 
1904.     8vo,  pp.  28. 

Mr.  G.  O.  Seilhamer,  well  known  a.s  a  journalist  and  author,  has 
made  a  long  and  careful  study  of  the  early  Conococheague  families,  and 
h;is  nearly  ready  for  the  press  a  series  of  genealogies.  The  first  under 
the  ca^ption  of  ''Missing  Branches  of  our  Oldest  Family  ;"  the  Cham- 
htrs  Family,  to  the  genealosrv  of  which  two  important  branches  have 
Wen  restored;  "The  Bard^and  Allied  Families,"  the  "McDowell 
I-aniily,'-'  and  the  "'Speer  and  Morrow  Families"  are  to  follow. 

T  he  Conococheagut'  Valley,  as  the  whole  of  Franklin  County  may  fitly 
W  called,  is  rich  in  genealogical  and  biographical  hi-tory.  It  is  the  birth- 
place of  one  President  of  the  United  States  (James  Buchanan)  and  of  the 
'•I'Othcr  of  another  (Benjamin  Harrison),  and  a  Governor  of  the  Com- 
ni<.nweahb  (Findlay).     It  produced  many  more  distinguished  men. 


256  Aotcs  and  Queries. 

St.  Memix  Portraits. — Dr.  William  J.  Campbell,  the  well-knov>,u 
bookseller  of  Philadelphia,  is  writing  an  elaborate  work  on  St.  Mciuin 
portraits.  It  will  be  in  eight  volumes,  with  more  than  eight  hundrt-ii 
engraved  portraits,  each  on  a  separate  page. 

The  basis  of  the  book  will  be  the  famous  "  Collection"  of  seven  huu- 
dred  and  sixty-nne  proofs  made  by  the  artist  himself,  which  ha.s  recently 
come  into  Dr.  Cainj)beirs  possession. 

The  Corcoran  Gallery  of  Art  and  the  Library  of  Congress,  both  oi 
which  have  extensive  colleciions,  are  cooperating  with  him,  giving  liia, 
the  free  use  of  any  portraits  that  they  possess  which  are  not  in  his  owii 
collection.  It  will  be  a  lavor  to  him  if  any  of  our  readers  who  have 
information  either  biographical  or  genealogical  about  any  portrait  liiai 
St.  Jlemin  made,  or  any  information  as  to  the  present  v.-hereabout<  of 
any  original  crayons,  coppers  or  engravings,  v/ill  communicate  with 
hira. 

His  address  is  1218  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia.  Due  credit  will 
be  given  in  the  book  for  all  information  received. 

Transactions  of  the  Moravian  Historical  Society,  Vo!. 
Vn.,  Part  II.,  contains  two  historical  papers  of  interest :  "Note-,  on 
the  Family  of  William  Parsons,"  sometime  Surveyor-troneral  of  Per;p- 
sylvauia  and  founder  of  Easton,  and  "  Wechquetank,'  an  Indian  mis- 
sion in  the  present  Monroe  Count}',  1760-1763  ;  the  former  by  the  Rt. 
Eev.  J.  M.  Levering,  the  latter  by  the  Eev.  Eugene  Leibert. 

The  Dotterer  Family.     A  large  8vo  volume  of  nearly  200  pages, 
bound  in  black  cloth,  with  a  portrait  of  the  author  as  a  frontispiece. 
The  edition  is  limited.     Price  $2.50  per  copy,  postpaid.     Address, 
Mrs.   Henry  S.  Dotterer,  1G05  North  Thirteenth  Street,  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 
George  Philip  Dodderer,  the  founder,  came  to  America  at  least  as 
early  as  the  year  1722.     He  vras  a  worthy  representative  of  that  hardy 
German  stock  v,-hich  by  its  unfiugging  industry  and  sterling  integrity 
contributed  greatly  to  the  growth  and  permanency  of  the  colony  plantei 
by  Penn.     The  work  contains  the  records  of  the  first  three  generations 
and  the  names  of  the  fourth.     In  addition  to  the  Dotterer  family,  the 
collateral  lines,  embracing  the  Markley,  Schwenck,  Antis  (Antes),  Zim- 
merman,   Jund    (Yount,    Yundt),    Pannebecker,    Fischer,    Humaie!, 
Krause,  Dewees,  Kurr,  Troxell,  Hcebner,  RfAS]  Yost,  Bitting,  Guisbert, 
Nyce,  Dildine,  Wartman,  Weidner,  and  Welker  families,  are  also  trac<.d. 
Snyder,  Latrobe,  Dukehart,  and  many  others  appear  in  the  manuscrij)C 
record.     Several  pages  are  devoted  to  researches  of  the  family  name  m 
Europe.     A  biographical  sketch  of  the  author  has  been  added.     Tht- 
manuscript  of  the  Dotterer  family  from  the  fourth  generation  to  the 
present  time  can  be  consulted  at  the  rooms  of  The  Historical  Society  ot 
Pennsylvania,  Thirteenth  and  Locust  Streets,  Philadelphia,  where  it  ha:3 
been  deposited. 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA    MAGAZINE 

OF 

HISTORY   AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

Vol.  XXVIII.  1904.  No.  3. 


GEORGE   WASHIXGTOX    IX   PENXSYLVAXIA. 

BY    HON.    SAMUEL    W.    PENNYPACKER,    LL.D. 

[Washington's  birthday  has  been  celebrated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  as  "University  Day"  for  more  than  a  century,  and  in 
1S2G  was  formally  set  apart  in  the  University  Calendar  as  one  of  the 
annual  observances  of  the  University.  The  following  oration  wa?  de- 
livered by  Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker,  Governor  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania,  on  "University  Day,"  1004,  at  the  American 
Academy  of  Music] 

We  meet  under  the  auspices  of  that  University  which,  in 
its  plan  of  organization,  in  its  teachings  of  medicine  and 
law,  and  in  recent  years  in  its  archaeological  investigations 
of  Eastern  civilizations,  has  led  all  others  upon  the  conti- 
nent; and  we  meet  upon  the  anniversary  of  the  birth  of 
the  great  Virginian,  the  fame  of  whose  deeds,  at  once  a 
beacon  and  an  example  for  mankind,  has  reached  to  the 
confines  of  the  earth  and  will  continue  to  the  limits  of 
time.  Are  the  careers  of  those  men  who  have  seemingly 
fu-shioned  the  institutions  of  a  nation  and  moulded  the  des- 
tinies of  a  race  the  outcome  of  exceptional  capabilities  and 
characteristics,  not  bestowed  upon  their  fellows,  or  are  the 
results  due  to  the  favorable  conditions  existing  at  the  time 
VOL.  XXVIII.— 17  (257) 


258  George  Wiwhuujton  in  Pennsylvania. 

the  successful  efforts  were  made  ?     Did  Alexander  of  M:i- 
cedon  and  Charlemagne  found  empires  through  the  exer- 
cise of  their  own  unusual  power  of  will  and  gifts  of  iutilli- 
gence,  or  were  thej  but  the  manifestations  of  a  force  which 
made  the  Greeks,  in  the  one  case,  and  the  Germans,  in  the 
other,  see  that  if  great  ends  were  to  be  accomplished  there 
must  be  a  subordination  of  the  lesser  states  surrounding 
them  and   a  combination   of  the  strength  of  all, — a  force 
which  impelled  them  forward  irresistibly  ?     Is  not  this  a 
force  common  to  all  mankind,  which  has  builded  up  the 
British  Empire  and  is  even  now  building  up  America,  indi- 
cating itself  in  the  movements  of  trade  and  transportation, 
?s  well  as  in  those  of  government  ?     Would  the  Reforma- 
tion have  come  in  its  own  good  time  had  there  been  no 
Martin   Luther?      Had   Xapoleon    been    killed    upon    the 
bridge  of  Lodi,  would  the  French  Revolution  have  followed 
its  own  appointed  channels  nevertheless  ?     Is  Darwin  cor- 
rect when  he  attributes  even  the  slow  formation  of  indi- 
vidual  and  race  character  to  the   nature   of  the   environ- 
ment ?     Perhaps  a  safe  position  to  assume  would  be  that  in 
the    conduct   of  revolutions    against   long-established    and 
seemingly  overwhelming    power,  in  the  creation  and  de- 
velopment of  new  governments,  and  in  the  efforts  to  amelio- 
rate the  conditions  of  the  masses  of  humanity,  if  success 
is  to  be  attained,  there  must  be  the  underlying  currents 
which  make  it  possible,  as  well  as  the  leader  of  rare  skill 
and  intelligence,  possessing  the  capacity  to  direct  them.     If 
this  be  true,  then  it  may  be  of  service  to  call  attention, 
as  has  never  been  done  before,  to  the  field  whereon  the 
achievements   of  George  Washington  were    accomplished 
and  to  the  surroundings  wherein  his  faculties  were  exer- 
cised, if  not  developed,  and  the    energies    of  his    public 
career  were  expended. 

In  the  year  1753  the  two  most  powerful  nations  of  Eu- 
rope,— England  and  France, — which  had  long  been  ene- 
mies and  rivals,  were  again  upon  the  verge  of  a  struggle. 
The  declaration   of  war  was   not   made  until   three  years 


George  Washingfoii  in  Pcnnsi/lvajua.  259 

Inter,  but  the  mutterings  and  rumblings  were  being  beard, 
tlie  preliminaries  were  being  arranged,  and  all  men  knew 
tliat  tlie  outbreak  could  not  be  long  postponed.  It  was  a 
great  stake  for  which  the  combatants  were  about  to  strip, 
the  possession  of  a  continent  destined  ere  long  to  support  a 
people  among  the  foremost  upon  the  earth.  ^lan  pro- 
poses, but  the  gods  dispose.  When  "Wolfe  died  as  he 
clutched  his  victory  at  Quebec,  there  was  weeping  and 
wailing  in  every  household  in  the  American  Colonics. 
Little  did  they  who  lamented  think  how  difterent  miglit 
have  been  their  fate  if  that  energetic  spirit,  instead  of  the 
dilatory  Howe,  had  confronted  them  at  Brandy  wine,  Ger- 
niantown,  and  Valley  Forge.  jSTever  did  it  occur  to  either 
of  the  contestants  while  they  were  pampering  the  savages 
and  gathering  the  cannon,  nor  when  they  were  ready  for 
tlie  encounter,  that  no  matter  which  of  them  should  prove 
the  stronger  or  more  valiant,  the  reward  should  go  to 
neither;  that  in  the  end  his  most  Christian  Majesty  of 
France  must  be  obeisant  and  the  King  of  England  must 
bubrait  to  an  underling  in  one  of  the  camps.  The  English 
Colonies  were  along  the  coast.  The  French  were  enclosing 
them  with  a  series  of  forts  intended  to  run  up  the  St.  Law- 
rence, thence  to  the  Ohio  and  to  the  mouth  of  the  Missis- 
fc>i[ipi.  In  a  sense  it  may  be  said  that  the  right  of  the 
French  line  was  at  New  Orleans,  the  left  at  Quebec,  and 
the  centre  at  the  junction  of  the  Allegheny  and  Mononga- 
hela  Rivers,  where  Fort  Duquesne  was  erected  in  1754,  in 
the  western  part  of  Pennsylvania.  What  a  series  of  events 
had  their  beginning  when  George  Washington  came  to 
Pennsylvania  in  1753  !  The  unheeding  world  might  well 
have  listened.  A  young  man,  in  his  twenty-second  year, 
of  limited  education  and  narrow  reading,  tall  and  well 
made,  precise  and  prim  in  his  methods,  stiii'in  his  manners 
and  chirography;  with  an  instinct  of  thrift  which  led  him 
to  manage  farms  and  raise  horses,  to  seek  in  his  love  af- 
^urs,  whether  with  maid  or  widow,  for  a  woman  "  wi'  lots 
o'  munny  laaid  by,  and  a  nicetish  bit  of  land,"  and  enabled 


260  George  Washington  in  Fennsglvaui'i. 

him  to  accumulate  one  of  the  largest  fortunes  of  his  time; 
but  ever  a  gentleman;  whose  youth  had  been  devoted  to 
fox-hunting  and  athletic  sports,  and  who  since  he  was  six- 
teen had  been  surveying  lands  in  the  valleys  of  Virginia, 
left  the  narrow  confines  of  his  early  associations  and  took 
his  first  step  into  the  outer  and.  larger  world.  Governor 
Dinwiddie,  of  Virginia,  sent  him  with  a  little  force  of  seven 
men  to  the  French  commander  in  ^Vestern  Pennsylvania 
to  protest  against  the  building  of  forts  and  the  occupancy 
of  the  land.  Starting  on  the  15th  of  November,  1753, 
through  the  forests  primeval,  in  the  winter,  surrounded  by 
and  often  confronted  with  the  savages,  tired  at  by  a  treach- 
erous Indian  guide,  rafting  on  the  partly  frozen  rivers,  he 
found  his  way  to  the  site  of  Pittsburg  and  to  a  fort  iiftcen 
miles  south  of  Lake  Erie.  It  was  a  successful  journey. 
He  delivered  his  message  and  returned  on  the  16th  of 
January,  1754,  to  Vllliamsburg,  with  the  answer  of  the 
commandant  and  with  much  knowledge  of  the  country  and 
of  the  armament  and  garrisons  of  the  forts.  As  a  result 
he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel. 

At  the  head  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  men,  accompanied 
by  Jacob  Van  Braam,  a  Dutchman,  one  of  his  former  attend- 
ants, who  at  an  earlier  time  had  taught  him  the  drill,  he,  on 
April  2,1754,  started  again  for  Pennsylvania.  On  the  25th 
he  had  reached  the  Great  Meadows,  in  the  neighborhood  ot 
the  present  TJniontown,  in  Fayette  County.  There  he  learned 
that  a  body  of  the  French  were  in  the  vicinity.  Supported 
by  friendly  Indians  and  led  by  Scaryooyadi,  a  Delaware,  to 
the  French  camp,  through  the  darkness,  he  made  an  attack 
in  the  early  morning.  For  fifteen  minutes  the  rifles  re- 
sounded and  the  balls  whistled.  Of  the  pro\incial  troops 
three  were  wounded  and  one  was  killed.  Of  the  French 
one  was  wounded  and  ten  were  killed,  including  Jumon- 
ville,  their  leader,  and  twenty-one  were  captured.  Only 
one,  a  Canadian,  escaped.  And  so  it  came  about  that  the 
opening  battle  in  that  struggle  of  tremendous  import,  which 
was  to  determine  that  the  vast  continent  of  America  should 


George  Washingtoji  in  Pewisglvama.  261 

belong  to  the  countrymen  of  Hermann  and  not  to  those  of 
Varus,  was  fought  by  George  Washington  upon  the  soil  of 
Pennsylvania. 

The  victory  was  won.  The  prisoners  were  hurried  away 
to  Virginia.  But  fortune  does  not  extend  her  favors  to 
any  man  for  long.  The  career  of  Washington,  like  that  of 
most  men,  was  a  series  of  successes  and  reverses. 

"To  all  earthly  men, 
In  spite  of  right  and  wrong  and  love  and  hate, 
One  day  shall  come  the  turn  of  luckless  fate." 

It  was  rumored  that  Contrecceur  was  at  Fort  Duquesnc 
^^^th  a  force  of  one  thousand  French  and  many  Indians, 
and  the  young  colonel  was  in  trouble.  On  May  31  he 
wrote,  "  We  expect  every  hour  to  be  attacked  by  a  su- 
perior force."  He  threw  up  intrenchments  one  hundred 
feet  square  and  built  a  palisade  with  a  trench  outside, 
which,  because  there  had  been  a  scarcity  of  provisions,  he 
called  Fort  Necessity.  The  site  is  along  the  bank  of  a 
little  stream  flowing  through  the  centre  of  a  meadow  two 
hundred  and  fifty  yards  wide,  set  at  a  considerable  eleva- 
tion among  the  hills.  All  that  remains  now  is  a  slight  ac- 
cumulation of  earth  where  the  lines  of  the  fort  ran  and  a 
large  stone  with  a  square  hole  cut  in  it  for  a  corner  post; 
but  what  there  is  ought  to  be  carefully  preserved  by  the 
State.  He  received  a  reinforcement  which  increased  his 
strength  to  three  hundred  men,  and  he  talked  about  exert- 
ing "  our  noble  courage  with  spirit."  Later  there  came 
one  hundred  more  men  from  South  Carolina.  He  ad- 
vanced thirteen  miles  farther  in  the  direction  of  Fort  Du- 
quesne,  and  then,  learning  that  the  French  were  strong  in 
numbers  and  coming  to  meet  him,  he  retreated,  July  1,  to 
Fort  Necessity.  Thither  he  was  followed  by  five  hundred 
French  and  several  hundred  Indians.  All  through  the  day 
ot  July  3  the  firing  was  kept  up  around  the  fort,  those 
^vithin  being  huddled  together  in  danger  and  discomfort, 
until  twelve  had  been  killed  and  forty-three  wounded. 
The  next  morning,  July   4, — at  Philadelphia,  Vicksburg, 


262  George  Washington  in  Pennsylvania. 

and  Gettysburg  ti  fateful  day  in  American  liistory, — Wa.sli- 
ington,  having  signed  papers  of  capitulation,  marched  forth 
with  his  troops.  lie  abandoned  a  large  iiag  and  surren- 
dered the  fort.  lie  was  permitted  to  take  the  militurv 
stores,  except  the  artillery.  He  agreed  to  return  the  pris- 
oners he  had  captured  and  sent  to  Virginia;  but,  worst  of 
all,  the  papers  he  signed  referred  to  "  Ttw^rt^.^iVz a ^  du  Sicur 
de  Jumonvillc."  Our  historians  have  been  prone  to  throw 
the  blame  for  this  language  upon  the  imperfect  translation 
of  Van  Braam  ;  but  since  the  French  "  assassinat"  and  the 
English  "  assassination"  are  substantially  the  same  word, — 
sufficient  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  most  unlearned, — 
the  explanation  fails  to  satisfy.  The  aftair,  as  is  apt  to  be 
the  case  when  the  foe  gains  the  glory  and  the  lield,  be- 
came the  subject  of  much  animadversion.  Horace  Walpole 
called  him  a  "brave  braggart."  Dinwiddle  reduced  his  rank 
to  that  of  captain,  and  found  reasons  for  declining  to  return 
the  prisoners.  Thereupon  AYashington  resigned  from  the 
service,  went  back  to  Mount  Vernon,  and  his  ambition  to 
hold  a  commission  in  the  English  army  was  never  gratified. 
The  following  year  Braddock  disembarked  and  encamped 
his  army  at  Alexandria.  Washington  oflered  his  services 
as  an  aide,  and  his  experience  with  the  French  and  the  In- 
dians and  his  knowledge  of  the  country  wherein  the  ad- 
vance was  to  be  made  rendered  them  of  the  utmost  value. 
It  was  the  first  army  thoroughly  drilled,  equipped,  and 
appointed  he  had  ever  seen.  On  that  fatal  battle-field 
near  Pittsburg,  now  covered  by  the  mills  of  the  United 
States  Steel  Corporation  {temi)ora  mutantur  et  nos  in  illis 
mutamur),  where  Braddock  was  killed,  where  eight 
hundred  and  fifty-five  French  and  Indians  completely 
routed  three  thousand  disciplined  English  soldiers,  he  did 
doughty  and  valiant  deeds.  It  has  been  described  as  "  the 
most  extraordinary  \dctory  ever  obtained  and  the  furthest 
flight  ever  made;"  but  in  the  battle  he  had  two  horses 
killed  under  him,  and  out  of  it  he  came  with  four  bullet 
holes  through  his  coat.     There  are  prophets  among  other 


George  Washmgton  in  Pennsylvania.  2G3 

peoples  than  Israel.  Samuel  Davies,  on  the  17th  of  Au- 
gust, 1755,  preached  a  sermon  at  Hanover,  in  Virginia, 
-wherein,  with  less  plaint  than  Jeremiah  and  clearer  vision 
tlian  Isaiah,  he  exclaimed,  "  That  heroic  youth.  Colonel 
"Washington,  whom  I  cannot  but  hope  Providence  has 
liitherto  preserved  in  so  signal  a  manner  for  some  impor- 
tant service  to  his  country." 

Fortune  took  another  turn.  For  these  two  defeats  there 
soon  came  compensation.  With  a  regiment  of  Virginians, 
in  1758,  he  took  part  in  the  expedition  of  General  John 
Forbes,  whose  bones  now  lie  in  Christ  Churchyard  in 
Philadelphia,  and  at  the  head  of  his  men  and  the  army,  on 
the  25th  of  ^STovember,  marched  into  Fort  Duquesne.  The 
magazine  had  been  exploded.  The  fort  had  been  set  on 
fire.  The  French  had  taken  bateaux  and  departed.  Tiieir 
influence  along  the  Ohio  River  had  been  broken.  Tlio  In- 
dians who  had  been  their  allies  sought  the  favor  of  the 
English.  And  George  Washington  had  completed  the 
military  training  which  was  to  fit  him  to  become  the  suc- 
cessful leader  in  the  eight  years'  struggle  of  the  people  of 
the  American  Colonies  for  independence. 

He  resigned  his  commission  and  hastened  to  Virginia. 
Six  weeks  later — on  the  6th  of  January,  1759 — he  married 
Martha  Custis,  a  ^^^dow,  who  was  the  fortunate  possessor 
of  a  hundred  thousand  dollars.  He  was  elected  to  tlie 
House  of  Burgesses,  and  for  the  next  fifteen  years,  in  tlie 
quiet  and  retirement  of  2^Iount  Yernon,  lived  a  barren  and 
uneventful  life,  with  no  ambition  save  the  pleasure  of  ac- 
cumulation ;  no  exhilaration  greater  than  the  chase  of  the 
fox,  and  no  anxiety  except  for  the  care  of  his  herds  of  cat- 
tle. How  bare  and  barren  the  life  was  can  be  seen  from 
these  extracts,  showing  with  what  his  thoughts  were  occu- 
pied, covering  a  month  in  his  manuscript  journal  for  1767  : 

"July: 

*'  14 — Fiuish'd  my  wheat  Harvest. 

"16 — began  to  cut  my  Timothy  Meadow,  which  had  stood  too  long. 

"25— finish'd  Ditto. 


264  George  Washington  in  Pennsylvania. 

"25 — Sowed  turnep  seed  from  Colonel  Fairfax's,  in  sheep  pens,  at 
the  House. 

"25 — Sowed  Wintei  do.  from  Colo.  Lee's,  in  the  neck. 

"  27 — began  to  sow  wheat  at  the  Mill  with  the  early  white  Wheat, 
w'ch  grew  at  Muddyhole. 

"28 — began  to  sow  wheat  at  Mnddyhole  with  the  mixed  wheat  that 
grew  there ;  also  began  to  sow  wheat  at  Doag  Run,  of  the  red  chafF, 
from  home  ;  also  sowed  summer  Turnep  below  Garden. 

"29 — Sowed  Colonel  Fairfax's  kind  in  flax  ground  joining  sheep  pens." 

A  new  epoch  dawned,  and  again  George  T^rasliington 
came  to  Pennsylvania.  A  crisis  big  with  fatality  and 
freighted  with  the  hopes  of  the  future  was  approaching. 
The  Stamp  Act  had  been  passed,  and  after  a  storm  of  rep- 
robation had  been  repealed ;  non-importation  resolutions 
had  been  promulgated  from  the  Pennsylvania  State-House, 
soon  to  be  known  as  Independence  Hall,  ringing  with  a 
bell  which  is  only  torn  from  it  by  sacrilege;  John  Dickin- 
son had  written  those  Farmer's  letters  wherein  was  ex- 
pounded the  creed  of  the  Colonies ;  the  tea  ships  had  been 
driven  from  the  Delaware  River,  and  an  act  of  Parliament 
had  closed  the  port  of  Boston,  when  the  lirst  Congress 
was  called  to  meet  in  Carpenters'  Hall,  on  Chestnut  Street 
below  Fourth,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  on  September  5, 

1774.  Washington  appeared  as  a  delegate.  What  part  he 
bore  in  its  deliberations  it  is  difficult  to  tell.  But  he  wrote 
to  a  friend  upon  the  subject  of  independence,  "  I  am  well 
satisfied  that  no  such  thing  is  desired  by  any  thinking  man 
in  all  Xorth  America."  It  was  a  time  of  stirring  events 
and  rapid  movements,  but  men  held  fast  to  the  old  moor- 
ings so  long  as  they  could.  'A  few  months  later  the  mus- 
kets began  to  rattle  at  Lexington,  and  on  the  loth  of  June, 

1775,  the  second  Continental  Congress,  to  which  he  was  a 
delegate,  assembled  in  the  State-House.  One  of  their  first 
acts  was  to  determine  "  that  a  general  be  appointed  to  com- 
mand all  the  continental  forces  raised  or  to  be  raised  in  the 
defense  of  American  liberty,"  and  by  a  unanimous  vote,  in 
that  famed  Pennsylvania  hall,  the  heaviest  responsibility 
which  had  ever  fallen  to  the  lot  of  an  American  was  im- 


George  Washington  in  Paam/Ivania.  205 

posed  upon  George  ^Vashington.  Tlie  next  day,  in  the 
same  place,  declaring,  "  I  feel  great  distress  from  a  con- 
sciousness that  my  abilities  and  military  experience  may 
not  be  equal  to  the  extensive  and  important  trust,"  and 
that  "  no  pecuniary  compensation  could  have  tempted  me 
to  accept  this  arduous  emploympnt,"  dechning  the  sum 
which  liad  been  fixed  for  his  salary,  with  modest  words  and 
with  a  serious  sense  of  the  difticulties  he  was  about  to  en- 
counter, he  assumed  that  responsibihty  and  started  forth, 
like  Moses  of  old,  to  lead  his  people  through  the  Red  Sea 
of  war  and  the  wilderness  of  uncertainty  and  sufiering. 
Unlike  the  prophet  and  law-giver  of  Israel,  and  unlike  his 
own  prototype,  William  of  Orange,  he  was  destined  not 
only  to  see  from  afar,  but  to  enter  into  the  land  of  promise 
and  safety.  The  war  upon  w^hich  he  then  embarked  was 
to  endure  through  eight  weary  years,  Philadelphia  was 
then  not  only  the  chief  city  of  the  Colonies,  the  centre  of 
science,  art,  literature,  and  population,  but  the  seat  of  the 
revolutionary  government  and  the  place  where  the  Conti- 
nental Congresses  held  their  sessions.  It  was  believed  by 
the  Revolutionists  that  the  retention  of  the  possession  of  the 
city  was  essential  to  the  success  of  their  cause.  The  Royal- 
ists believed  that  if  it  could  be  captured  the  war  would  be 
speedily  terminated  and  the  rebellion  end  in  an  early  disso- 
lution. A  few  opening  and  indecisive  contests  of  arms  oc- 
curred in  Massachusetts  ;  but  the  struggle  ere  long  drifted 
to  the  shores  of  the  Delaware,  and  the  Continental  army 
never  thereafter  was  farther  east  than  the  Hudson.  In  the 
course  of  the  war  nine  battles  were  fought  by  the  army 
under  the  personal  command  of  Washington,  and,  with  the 
exception  of  Long  Island,  w^hich  was  an  unrelieved  disaster, 
and  Yorktown,  where  it  was  uncertain  whether  tlie  laurels 
ought  to  cluster  about  the  French  fleet  or  the  American 
land  forces,  all  of  them— Trenton,  Princeton,  Brand\-wine, 
Warren  Tavern,  Gerrnantown,  White  Marsh,  and  Mon- 
mouth— were  conflicts  the  purpose  of  wliich  was  to  control 
or  defend,  to  secure  or  retain,  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 


266  George  Washington  in  Peniisglvajiia. 

At  Brand vwine  there  was  presented  to  him  the  great 
opportunity  of  his  miUtary  career  when  the  enemy,  of  their 
own  motion,  brought  about  the  situation  which  it  was  the 
object  of  the  tactics  of  Xapoleon  to  secure,  and  divided  their 
forces  in  front  of  him.  At  "Warren  Tavern  his  plans  were 
thwarted  and  his  opportunities  and  advantages  lost  through 
what  the  lawyer  calls  the  act  of  God.  At  Trenton  and 
Germantown  he  displayed  not  only  the  courage  and  resolu- 
tion bred  in  his  Saxon  fibre,  but  that  other  quality,  more 
often  found  in  the  Celt,  "  Vaudace,  toujours  Vaudace"  At 
A\Tiite  Marsh  he  boldly  approached  to  within  a  few  miles  of 
the  enemy,  who  then  held  the  city,  defeated,  attacks  upon 
his  right,  left,  and  centre,  compelling  Howe  to  withdraw 
discomfited,  and  won,  though  with  small  loss,  his  greatest 
tactical  success.  The  issues  of  the  Revolutionary  War 
were  determined,  however,  not  by  the  eft'ective  handling  of 
large  armies  with  consummate  skill,  not  by  the  exercise  of 
that  military  genius  which  enabled  a  Marlborough,  a  Fred- 
erick, or  a  Bonaparte  to  see  just  when  and  where  to  strike 
to  the  best  advantage,  but  by  that  tireless  tenacity  of  pur- 
pose which,  through  success  or  disaster,  never  flagged,  and, 
whatever  fate  might  have  in  store,  refused  to  be  overcome. 
All  the  poets  who  have  sung  their  vei-se,  all  the  historians 
who  have  written  their  books,  whatever  students  may  have 
investigated,  and  whatever  orators  may  have  spoken  agree 
in  tlie  conclusion  that  such  tenacity  was  best  exemplified  at 
the  close  of  a  lost  campaign,  with  a  weakened  and  dv/in- 
dling  army,  through  the  suflerings  of  a  severe  winter  upon 
the  hills  of  Valley  Forge.  Wherever  the  story  is  read, 
wherever  the  tale  is  told,  the  pluck  and  persistence  amid 
misfortune  and  disheartening  want  exhibited  at  this  Penn- 
sylvania hamlet  along  the  banks  of  the  Schuylldll  have 
come  to  be  the  type  and  symbol  of  the  Revolutionary  War 
and  to  represent  the  supreme  effort  and  the  unconquerable 
fortitude  of  the  American  soldier. 

In  a  German  almanac  printed  in  the  town  of  Lancaster 
in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1778  Washington  was  first 


George  Washington  in  Pennsylvama.  267 

called  "  the  Father  of  his  Country."  It  was  at  once  u 
truthful  and  a  projihetic  de.signation,  in  accord  ■^^'ith  passing 
and  coming  events,  and  soon  accepted  by  all  of  the  people. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Mount  Vernon,  to 
his  negroes,  corn,  wheat,  and  tobacco,  to  his  horses  and  his 
hounds, — the  latter  a  present  from  Lafiiyette, — again  be- 
came, in  the  language  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Coke,  "quite  the 
plain  country  gentleman,"  and,  if  we  may  rely  upon  the 
journal  of  Jolm  Hunter,  he  "sent  the  bottle  about  pretty 
freely  after  dinner"  and  "  got  quite  merry." 

The  war  would  have  been  an  utter  fliilure  if  it  had  only 
resulted  in  a  severance  of  the  ties  which  connected  us  with 
Great  Britain  and  if  it  had  left  the  Colonies  discordant,  jeal- 
ous, and  each  pursuing  its  ovm  selfish  interests,  under  the 
meffective  government  established  by  the  Articles  of  Con- 
federation. The  work  of  destruction  had  been  successful 
and  complete,  but  the  constructive  and  more  difficult  task 
of  welding  the  discordant  elements  into  a  vital  and 
effective  organism  remained.  All  of  the  South  American 
states  succeeded  in  thro^-ing  off  the  control  of  Spain,  and 
even  Hayti  became  independent;  but  what  gift  to  mankind 
has  come  of  it  ?  Upon  the  sea  of  human  affairs  a  nation 
was  to  be  launched,  with  the  prospect  of  large  proportions 
and  unlimited  growth,  and  again  George  Washington  came 
to  Pennsylvania.  In  the  definite  movement  leading  up  to 
the  formation  of  the  government  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  as  we  know  it  to-day,  no  Xew  England  State  had 
any  participation.  Delegates  from  Xew  York,  New  Jer- 
sey, Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  and  Virginia  met  at  Annapo- 
hs,  in  the  State  of  Maryland,  on  the  11th  of  September, 
1786,  and,  atler  consultation,  urged  the  necessity  of  a  revi- 
sion of  the  existing  system,  and  recommended  the  calling 
of  a  convention,  with  sufficient  power,  to  meet  in  Philadel- 
phia on  the  second  Monday  of  May  in  1787.  Emerson 
has  well  said  that  ••  all  martj-rdoms  looked  mean  when  they 
were  suffered,"  and  that  "  when  the  gods  come  among  men 
they  are  not  kno^^-n."     He  might  have  added  that  the  im- 


268  George  Washington  in  Peiinsulcania, 

portaiice  of  the  supreme  events  in  the  advancement  of  the 
human  race  has  seldom  been  recognized  by  contemporaries. 
Even  Sliakespeare  died  without  any  conception  ,of  what  lie 
had  achieved  and  without  any  foretaste  of  his  future  f\mie. 
At  the  State-House,  on  May  14,  1787,  at  the  opening  ot 
the  convention,  delegates  appeared  only  from  Virginia  and 
Pennsylvania.  Eleven  days  later  Washington  was  elected 
to  preside  by  the  votes  of  these  States  and  those  of  Dela,- 
ware  and  New  Jersey,  and  at  the  end  of  two  weeks  no 
others  were  yet  represented.  What  the  members  kept 
steadily  in  view  throughout  all  of  their  deliberations,  ac- 
cording to  Washington,  was  "  the  consolidation  of  our 
Union."  Of  how  they  succeeded  the  world  has  no  need  to 
be  told.  From  that  box,  drawn,  as  it  were,  by  unwitting 
fisbermen  out  of  the  sea  of  uncertainties  and  perplexities, 
came  forth  a  genie  whose  stride  is  from  ocean  to  ocean ; 
whose  locks,  shaken  upon  one  side  by  Eurus,  on  the  other 
by  Zephyr,  darken  the  skies ;  and  whose  voice  is  heard  in 
far  Cathay  and  beyond  Ultima  Thule.  There  was  difficulty 
about  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution.  Opposition  was 
manifested  everywhere ;  on  the  part  of  men  like  Patrick 
Henry,  of  Virginia,  and  Elbridge  Gerry,  of  ^Massachusetts, 
it  was  decided,  and  in  some  instances  intense.  One  of  the 
New  England  States  held  aloof  for  three  years.  But  in 
three  months — on  the  1st  of  January,  1788 — Washington 
was  able  to  write,  "  Pennsylvania,  Delaware  and  New 
Jersey  have  already  decided  in  its  favor."  After  the  voice 
of  this  State  had  been  heard  and  its  great  influence  had 
been  exerted  the  result  was  no  longer  doubtful,  and  he 
cheerfully  continued,  "  There  is  the  greatest  prospect  of  its 
being  adopted  by  the  people." 

After  ha\dng  been  elected  President  of  the  nation  he  had 
done  so  much  to  create,  he  spent  the  whole  of  his  two 
terms,  with  the  exception  of  a  year  in  New  York,  in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia.  For  ten  years  this  patriotic  city, 
without  compensation  of  any  kind,  furnished  a  home  to  the 
government  of  the  United  States.     The  building   at   the 


George  Wa^hbgton  in  Fennftylvania.  269 

southeast  corner  of  Sixth  and  Chestnut  Streets  was  given 
up  to  the  use  of  the  Senate  and  House,  and  became  Con- 
gress IlalL  The  Supreriie  Court  met  in  the  building  at 
the  southwest  corner  of  Fifth  and  Chestnut  Streets.  For 
Bcven  years  Washingt-on  lived  in  a  large  double  brick 
building  on  the  south  side  of  Market  Street,  sixty  feet  east 
of  Sixth,  which  had  been  the  headquarters  of  Howe.  To 
the  east  was  a  yard  with  shade-trees,  and  along  the  front  of 
this  yard  ran  a  brick  wall  seven  feet  high.  Xext  door  to 
him  dwelt  a  hairdresser.  All  ot  the  important  events  of 
his  administration — the  establishment  of  the  Mint;  the  ware 
conducted  by  St.  Clair,  Harraar,  and  Wayne  against  the 
Indians;  the  Whiskey  Insurrection,  which  took  him  through 
Carlisle  again  to  Western  Pennsylvania,  after  a  long  ab- 
sence ;  the  troubles  over  Genet  and  Jay's  treaty  with  Great 
Britain — occurred  during  his  residence  here.  He  had  a 
pew  in  Christ  Church.  He  became  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society,  and  was  present  at  its  ser- 
vices upon  the  deaths  of  Benjamin  Franklin  and  David  Rit- 
tenhouse.  He  attended  tlie  theatre  in  Southwark,  seeing 
the  play,  "The  Young  Quaker;  or,  the  Fair  Philadel- 
phian,"  and  Pickett's  Circus,  and  he  took  part  in  the 
dancing  assemblies.  He  and  Governor  Mifflin  saw  the 
Frenchman  Blanchard  make  the  first  balloon  ascension  in 
America,  January  9,  1793,  amid  much  tumult  and  eclat. 
Blanchard  was  described  as  "  Inipavidus  sortem  non  timet 
Icariam."  The  magistrates  of  the  city  gave  him  the  use  ot 
the  court-yard  of  the  prison,  and  the  roar  of  artillery  an- 
nounced to  the  people  the  moment  of  departure,  Wash- 
ington placed  in  his  hands  a  passport  which,  with  apleashig 
uncertainty  befitting  the  occasion,  was  directed  "  to  all  to 
whom  these  presents  shall  come,"  and  authorized  him  "  to 
pass  in  such  direction  and  to  descend  in  such  place  as  cir- 
cumstances may  render  most  convenient."  He  started  at 
nine  minutes  after  ten,  on  a  clear  morning;  sailed  over  the 
Delaware  and  frightened  a  flock  of  pigeons  and  a  Jersey 
farmer  near  Gloucester,  where  he  landed.     He  prevailed 


270  George  Washington  in  Pennsylvania. 

upon  the  latter  to  come  to  his  help  by  the  offer  of  one  of 
the  six  bottles  of  wmc  with  which  Dr.  Caspar  V.^istar  liad 
provided  him.  Jonathan  Penrose,  Robert  Wharton,  and 
six  other  Philadelphians  chased  after  him  on  horseback 
and  escorted  him  back  to  the  President,  to  whom  he  pre- 
sented his  respects  and  colors. 

AVashington  had  sixteen  stalls  in  his  stable,  generally 
full,  and  was  a  hard  driver,  upon  one  occasion  foundering 
five  horses.  He  wore  false  teeth,  in  part  carved  from  the 
tusk  of  a  hippopotamus.  The  Stuart  portrait,  which  has 
come  in  time  to  be  the  accepted  delineation  of  his  features, 
was  painted  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Fifth  and  Chestnut 
Streets.  Every  Tuesday  he  gave  levees,  and  on  IS'ew 
Year's  Day  served  punch  and  cake.  Once  he  picked  the 
sugar-plums  from  the  cake  and  sent  them  to  "  Master 
John,"  later  in  life  to  be  famous  as  the  Old  Man  Eloquent. 
Yfhen  James  Wilson,  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  opened  the  law  school  of  this  University 
and,  in  the  true  sense,  began  legal  education  in  this  coun- 
try, December  15,  1790,  it  was  in  the  presence  of  George 
and  Martha  Washington.  One  hundred  and  ten  vears  ago 
to-day,  at  the  hour  of  noon, — aye,  this  very  hour, — the  fac- 
ulty of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  company  with 
the  heads  of  department,  the  members  of  the  Congress,  and 
the  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth,  in  person  offered  their 
congratulations.  lie  had  a  green  parchment  pocket-book; 
he  kept  it  in  a  hair  trunk,  and  he  tied  his  keys  together 
with  a  twine  string.  In  this  city  he  wrote  his  farewell  ad- 
dress, and  here  he  was  described  as  "  first  in  war,  first  in 
peace,  and  first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen."  He  left 
Philadelphia  March  9,  1797,  and  less  than  three  years  later 
he  was  dead. 

The  cloth  is  woven.  The  story  is  told.  Through  no  ac- 
cident was  it  brought  about  that  Washington,  though  he 
was  born  and  died  in  Virginia,  spent  in  such  great  part  his 
military  and  ofiicial  life  in  this  State.  The  cause  was  like 
that  which  took  Xapoleon  from  Ajaccio  to  Paris,  Shake- 


George  Wasldngion  in  Paxnsylvania.  271 

Bpcare  from  Stratford  to  London,  and  Franklin  from  Bos- 
ton to  Philadelphia.  "Every  ship,"  wrote  Emerson,  "is  a 
romantic  object  except  that  we  sail  in."  Self-respect  is  a 
Faring  grace  in  the  state  as  well  as  in  the  indiN-idual.  Pa- 
triotism, like  charity  and  all  the  other  virtues,  begins  at  the 
liearth-stone.  When  the  Shuuammite  woman  was  urged  to 
come  to  the  court  of  Solomon,  her  answer  was,  "  I  dwell 
among  mine  own  people."  After  the  earliest  of  the  great 
and  good  men  of  the  Aryan  race,  he  whom  we  call  Cyrus, 
five  centuries  and  a  half  before  Christ,  had  overcome  all  of 
his  enemies  and  had  founded  the  most  extensive  empire  the 
world  had  known  up  to  that  time,  he  inscribed  over  the 
gateway  of  his  palace  only  the  simple  words,  "  I  am  Ku- 
rush  the  King,  the  Akhremenian."  There  is  need  of  more 
of  that  Bj^irit  in  Pennsylvania.  We  too  lightly  forget  our 
achievements  ;  we  are  too  ready  to  desert  our  heroes ;  we 
are  too  willing  to  leave  our  rulers  unsupported ;  we  read 
with  too  little  indignation  the  uncanny  and  untrue  tales 
told  by  our  rivals  elsewhere  and  repeated  and  reprinted  by 
the  unfaithful  at  home.  Of  all  existing  agencies  this  insti- 
tution of  learning,  with  its  host  of  alumni  and  students  de- 
voted to  it,  to  its  interests,  and  to  the  Commonwealth,  ap- 
pears to  be  doing  the  most  effective  service  in  the  way  of 
cultivating  a  more  correct  tone  and  a  more  elevated  senti- 
ment. To  a  great  extent  the  future  liope  of  the  Common- 
wealth depends  upon  you,  young  men  of  the  University, 
and  upon  your  efforts.  Go  forth,  then,  to  fill  your  chosen 
spheres.  Let  it  not  be  said  of  you,  as  was  said  of  one  of 
the  Lord  Chancellors  of  England,  that  if  he  had  known  a 
little  about  law  he  would  have  known  a  little  about  every- 
thing. Be  earnest  and  thorough.  K  your  field  be  the  law, 
follow  the  example  and  study  the  work"  of  Gibson  and 
Sharswood.  If  it  be  medicine,  you  have  before  you  the 
careers  and  the  labors  of  Rush,  Gross,  Agnew,  and  Pepper. 
If  it  be  science,  to  whom  can  you  turn  with  more  confi- 
dence than  to  Rittenhouse,  Leidy,  Audubon,  and  Cope  ? 
If  you  wish  to  store  your  minds  with  the  facts  of  the  past, 


272  George  Washingltm  in  Fennsi/h-ania. 

read  tlie  histories  of  Lea  and  McMaster;  and  if  you  need 
mental  relaxation,  you  will  find  no  romance  more  worthy 
of  your  attention  than  ''  Xick  of  the  Woods,"  "  The  Story 
of  Kennett,"  "  The  Wagoner  of  the  Alleghauies,"  and 
"Hugh  AVynne."  As  you  go  along  through  life,  sing  with 
emotion  your  song  of  "  The  Pennsylvania  Girl"  and  shout 
with  vigor  your 

"  'Rah,  'rail,  'rah, 
Pennsylvanift  !" 

that  all  may  not  only  hear,  but  learn  to  appreciate  and  to 
admire.  Bcnja^nin  West,  of  Delaware  County,  when  he 
became  President  of  the  Royal  Academy,  reached  the  high- 
est position  which  could  then  be  attained  by  any  artist.  In 
his  "  Death  of  Wolfe"  he  overthrew  the  conventions  and 
revolutionized  the  methods  of  his  profession.  It  is  not  too 
much  to  assert  that  in  liis  "  Peun's  Treaty  with  the  In- 
dians" he  fastened  upon  the  attention  of  mankind  the  most 
distinctive  event  in  the  early  history  of  the  Colonies.  See 
to  it  that  amid  the  fads  of  modern  art  he  is  not  belittled 
and  discarded.  Your  soldier,  George  Gordon  Meade,  not 
only  won  the  most  important  battle  of  recent  times,  but  in 
doing  so  he  determined  the  destinies  of  the  nation  and  in- 
fluenced human  alTairs  for  all  the  ages  to  come.  Cherish 
and  extend  his  fame  as  your  precious  heritage.  On  brass, 
marble,  and  granite  preserve  the  memory  of  his  deeds. 
Give  due  praise  to  the  accomplishment  of  others,  but  do 
not  overlook  the  worth  and  achievements  of  the  earnest 
men  who  have  gone  from  your  own  doorsteps.  Scorn  all 
cant,  falsehood,  and  sensationalism.  And  when  by  zeal 
and  application  you  have  secured  in  life  the  rewards  for 
which  you  have  striven,  do  not  forget  how  much  of  your 
success  is  due  to  the  training  and  discipline  conferred  upon 
you  by  your  venerable  and  honored  alma  mater,  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  and  to  the  example  of  the  long  line  ot 
distinguished  men  v/ho  in  the  past  have  been  the  recipients 
of  her  benefits  and  been  nurtured  at  her  bosom. 


A  Great  Philaddphian :  Bobert  3Torm.  273 


A  GREAT  rniLADELPHIAX  :  ROBEET  MORRIS. 

BY    DR.    ELLIS    PAXSON    OBERHOLTZER. 

In  the  past  few  years  the  nation  has  sought  to  satisfy  its 
curiosity  regarding  almost  all  of  the  leaders  who  in  the  time  of 
the  republic's  first  days  of  stress  contributed  to  the  upbuild- 
ing of  our  great  political  establishment.  Our  devotion  to 
the  memory  of  this  or  that  Revolutionary  patriot  has  been 
indicated  in  biography  and  romance,  and  monuments  to 
AVashington,  Franklin,  Ilamilton,  Jefferson,  and  Madison 
dot  the  land,  testifying  in  some  way  to  a  disproof  of  the  old 
maxim  that  republics  are  lacking  in  gratitude.  Indeed,  we 
liave  got  do^^^l  to  secondary  characters  in  our  desire  to 
memorialize  the  services  of  men  who  labored  in  behalf  of 
American  independence ;  yet  I  have  been  astonished  in  the 
course  of  my  studies  of  the  piast  year  or  two  to  discover 
how  very  little  the  people  know,  or  seemingly  have  hitherto 
cared  to  know,  of  that  splendid  servant  of  the  thirteen 
States,  their  financier,  the  Philadelphia  merchant  prince, 
Robert  ^Morris,  whom  a  great  European  historian  told  us 
long  enough  ago  for  the  fact  to  have  sunk  into  our  minds 
by  this  time,  is  entitled  to  equal  place  beside  Washington 
and  Franklin  as  one  of  the  real  saviours  of  the  American 
cause.  What  Washington  achieved  upon  the  battle-field  in 
gaining  military  victories,  Franklin  at  European  courts  in 
winning  foreign  sympathy,  interest,  and  support,  Morris 
achieved  in  the  Office  of  Finance  in  Philadelphia  in  finding 
the  money  and  credit  with  w^hich  to  prosecute  the  war  to  a 
successful  termination.  Xo  one  of  these  three  men  could 
have  gone  far  without  the  cooperation  of  the  other  two,  and 
yet  scarcely  any  recognition  has  ever  been  accorded  the 
third  member  of  the  group,  the  Philadelphia  financier. 

I  entered  a  prominent  book-shop  in  a  large  city  some 
time  ago  to  ask  for  a  biography  of  Robert  Morris.  I  met 
VOL.  xxviri. — 18 


274  A  Great  PJtiladtlfhian  :  Bokrt  Morris. 

the  gentleman  whose  duty  it  is  to  superintend  tlie  business 
of  the  house. 

"Oh,  yes,  I  know,"  he  answered;  '<  Eobert  Morris,  tlio 
great  pliysician." 

Li  the  city  in  which  he  lived  for  nearly  sixty  years, 
achieved  all  his  triumphs  and  suftered  his  gigantic  defeats, 
or  practically  from  the  time  he  came  to  this  country  from 
Liverpool  to  join  his  father,  who  was  a  tobacco  factor  in 
Oxford,  Maryland,  the  sum  of  popular  knowledge  about 
Morris  is  that  he  died  in  a  debtor's  prison — a  most  persistent 
piece  of  misinformation — and  that  he  built  a  marble  house  in 
Chestnut  Street  which  he  could  not  complete,  long  known 
as  Morris's  "  Folly."  "  The  Hills  on  Schuylkill,"  the 
beautiful  country  home  at  which  Robert  Morris  dispensed 
his  lavish  hospitality  to  Washington,  Lafayette,  Jefferson, 
Jay,  and  all  the  principal  patriots  of  the  period,  is  in  disre- 
pair in  Fairmount  Park,  being  hired  out  to-day  by  the  city 
to  a  restaurant  keeper,  and  there  is  no  suitable  public 
memorial  in  Philadelphia  to  one  of  the  greatest  men  which 
it  contributed  to  the  American  Revolution  outside  the  hearts 
of  his  descendants  and  a  dwindling  number  of  old  citizens 
taught  by  their  fathers  to  revere  his  name. 

Plainly  the  principal  reason  for  this  is  to  be  found  in  the 
fact  that  the  indispensable  value  of  Mr.  Morris's  services  to 
the  government  during  the  war  was  obscured  by  his  colos- 
sal misfortunes  in  later  life,  brought  on  by  speculation  in 
virgin  lands  in  Pennsylvania,  Xew  York,  the  South,  and  in 
the  new  Washington  city,  which  left  him  and  vast  numbers 
of  other  people  much  the  poorer  pecuniarily.  For  long  the 
memory  of  bankruptcy,  sheriiTs  writs,  more  than  three 
years  in  a  public  prison,  and  unpaid  debts  aggregating 
millions  of  dollars  could  not  be  effaced,  even  though  it  was 
quite  clear  to  every  sober  mind  that  no  craft  or  dishonesty 
marked  Morris's  actions,  and  that  he  himself  suffered  vastly 
more  by  the  failure  of  his  ambitious  plans  to  fructify  than 
any  of  his  trustful  friends  or  creditors.  The  American 
people,  if  they  shall  come  to  appreciate  the  magnitude  of  the 


A  Great  PkHaddphian :  Iiobcrt  31orris.  275 

financier's  services  in  behalf  of  the  young  nation  and  tlie 
purity  of  his  purposes,  even  after  his  over-sanguine  nature 
had  involved  him  hopelessly  in  business  disaster,  v/ill  not  be 
disposed  to-day  to  grudge  him  the  grateful  recognition  they 
have  accorded  other  great  characters  in  the  republic's  history'. 

It  is  true,  too,  that  we  have  not  known  Morris  laru-ely 
because  of  the  loss  of  his  diaries  and  letter-books  and  their 
inaccessibility  to  the  public  after  they  were  finally  discov- 
ered— it  is  said,  in  France — by  General  John  Meredith  liead, 
one  time  our  minister  to  Greece.  The  romantic  and  mys- 
terious history  of  the  sixteen  great  leather-bound  books 
may  never  be  told — how  they  reached  Europe  and  through, 
what  various  adventures  they  passed  before  they  came  into 
General  Read's  hands.  In  his  custody  they  were  safe, 
although  not  immediately  useful  to  students  ;  and  only  since 
they  liave  been  acquired  by  the  Library  of  Congress,  at  his 
death,  has  the  material  been  at  hand  for  a  satisfactory  study 
of  Morris's  public  and  private  career.  For  several  periods 
of  his  life  the  information  is  still  scant,  and  so  methodical  a 
man,  given  to  recording  all  his  movements  in  writing,  even 
when  imprisonment  stared  him  in  the  face,  and  in  the  prison- 
house  itself,  should  have  left  as  complete  a  transcript  of  his 
correspondence  for  the  remaining  years,  were  the  records 
preserved,  or,  being  saved,  could  they  by  any  chance  be  dis- 
covered among  the  archives  transmitted  to  his  descendants. 
However,  no  essential  period  in  his  career  remains  to  be 
illumined  by  the  documents,  and  we  are  now  able  to  pro- 
cure a  view  of  a  great  and  generous  character  whom  every 
school-boy  might  well  study  as  an  inspiring  type  in  Amer- 
ican statesmanship. 

Mr.  Morris  was  born  in  Liverpool,  England,  in  1734. 
He  reached  America  when  he  was  a  lad  of  about  thirteen 
years  of  age.  His  father,  also  Robert  ^Morris,  had  preceded 
him  as  the  American  agent  of  a  firm  of  English  tobacco 
merchants,  and  the  boy,  left  at  home  with  a  grandmother,  of 
whose  kindnesses  he  was  afterwards  often  heard  to  speak,  was 
consigned  to  the  charge  of  a  captain  of  one  of  the  tobacco 


276  A  Great  Philadelphian :  Robert  JlJoivis. 

ships  for  tlie  voyage  across  the  sea.  Robert  Morris,  Sr., 
\vho  resided  in  Oxford,  [Maryland,  contrary  to  a  rather 
common  supposition,  if  not  wealthy,  Nvas  in  no  true  sense 
of  the  word  a  poor  man.  The  son  was  put  to  school  in 
^laryland  and  later  in  l^hiladelphia,  whither  he  came  in 
a  short  time  to  remain  until  his  death.  Here  he  was  com- 
mended to  the  care  of  Robert  Greenway,  who  in  a  little 
while,  upon  his  father's  decease,  which  resulted  from  injuries 
sustained  by  a  shot  prematurely  discharged  by  a  gunner  on 
a  tobacco  ship  in  Oxford  harbor,  became  his  guardian.  The 
surgery  of  the  time  was  so  wretched  that  the  wound,  though 
it  would  now  be  considered  slight,  quickly  developed  symp- 
toms of  blood-poisoning,  and  before  the  boy  could  reach 
Maryland  his  father  was  dead  and  buried  in  ^Hiite  Marsh 
Church-yard  in  Talbot  County,  where  these  lines  were  placed 
upon  the  tomb  : 

Ix  Memory  of 
Robert  Morris,  a  Native  or  Liverpool  ix  Great  Britaix, 
Late  Merchaxt  of  Oxford, 
Ix  this  Provixce. 
Punctual  Integrity  influenced  liis  dealings. 
Principals  of  honor  governed  his  actions. 
With  an  uncommon  degree  of  Sincerity, 
He  despised  Artifice  and  Dissimulation. 
His  Friendship  was  firm,  candid  and  valuable. 
His  Charity  frequent,  secret  and  well  adapted. 
His  Zeal  for  the  Publicke  good  active  and  useful. 
His  Hospitality  was  enhanced  by  his  Conversation, 
Seasoned  with  cheerful  wit  and  a  sound  judgment, 
A  Salute  from  the  canon  of  a  ship, 
The  wad  fracturing  his  arm 
Was  the  signal  by  which  he  departed. 
Greatly  lamented  as  he  was  esteemed, 
In  the  fortieth  year  of  his  age. 
On  the  twelfth  day  of  July    • 
MDCCL. 

The  boy  was  now  in  a  new  world  v/ithout  known  kin  and 
practically  friendless.  With  an  inheritance,  the  residue  of 
an  estate  reduced  by  numerous  small  bequests,  and  his  native 
business  acumen,  which  proved  to  be  exceptional  from  the 


A  Great  Philadelphian :  Eoha't  Morris.  277 

inoincnt  it  was  called  into  play,  lie  was  compelled  to  choose 
an  occupation.  lie  early  entered  the  employ  of  Charles 
AVilling,  who  in  two  or  three  years,  desiring  to  escape  further 
active  part  in  his  business  and  perceiving  young  ^lorris's 
value  to  the  firm,  suggested  a  partnership  with  his  son 
Thomas.  Thus  was  established  the  mercantile  house  of 
"Willing  &  Morris,  for  more  than  thirty  years  the  largest 
importing  and  exporting  concern  in  Philadelphia  and  one 
of  the  richest  and  most  enterprising  in  the  American  Col- 
onies. Their  ships  carried  merchandise  to  and  from  all 
countries,  and  it  was  no  idle  boast  when  Mr.  Morris  re- 
marked, in  re\'iewing  his  unusual  life,  as  the  twilight  shades 
settled  about  him,  "  I  have  owned  more  ships  than  any  man 
in  America."  His  vessels  under  sail  in  the  same  sea  would 
have  comprised  a  great  fleet,  and  their  operations  early  gave 
him  command  of  an  ample  fortune.  lie  and  his  partner 
were  accounted  wealtliy  men  long  before  the  outbreak  of 
the  Revolution,  and,  in  identifying  themselves  actively  with 
that  movement,  were  valued  accessions  to  the  patriot  ranks 
in  Philadelphia,  where  so  many  citizens  of  substance  were 
still  openly  avowing  their  sympathies  for  Great  Britain. 

It  called  for  some  sacritice  and  renunciation  on  the  part 
of  an  Englishman  who,  ^vith  affectionate  feeling  in  the 
shadow  of  his  years,  still  spoke  of  his  native  country  as 
"  dear  old  England,"  and  a  merchant — though  this  view  is 
contrary  to  some  extant  accounts — who  had  much  to  lose  by 
a  war  between  Great  Britain  and  her  Colonies,  to  ally  himself 
prominently  with  the  revolutionaries,  or,  as  we  say  more 
reverently,  the  American  patriots.  Mr.  Morris  acted  wdth 
boldness  and  decision  in  this  matter  as  in  all  others  which 
ever  in  his  life  arose  and  called  for  a  choice  of  alternatives. 
He  was  one  of  the  committee  of  Philadelphians  who  in 
17G5  visited  John  Hughes,  appointed  upon  Franklin's  rec- 
ommendation to  sell  the  odious  stamps,  and  secured  from 
that  officer,  who  at  the  time  was  in  bed  with  a  grave  illness, 
a  pledge  that  he  would  not  be  an  instrument  to  collect  this 
liix  from  his  unwillinf]r  fellow-citizens. 


278  A  Great  PJdhuldphian  :  Robert  Morris. 

Morris  was  early  sent  to  the  Continetital  Congress  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Legislature,  where  his  counsels  v/ere  strongly 
against  a  complete  rupture  with  Great  Britain.  lie  voled 
against  the  Declaration  of  Independence  as  untimely  and 
as  likely  to  defeat  that  object  wliieh  the  AVhigs  of  America 
80  zealously  desired  to  attain.  Of  all  the  members  of  the 
Pennsylvania  delegation  who  voted  adversely  upon  the  ques- 
tion of  separation  from  England,  he  alone  commanded  pop- 
ular confidence  sufficiently  to  be  returned  to  Congress  at 
the  next  ensuing  election,  and,  once  embarked  for  the  war, 
he  was  a  most  uncompromising  advocate  of  its  prosecution 
by  every  measure  which  would  clear  the  country  of  British 
troops  and  establish  America's  independence. 

He  was  at  once  engaged  in  service  of  the  greatest  impor- 
tance. One  of  the  unhappiest  periods  of  the  vvar — a  crisis 
it  was  difficult  to  sur\'ive — was  experienced  in  the  winter  of 
1776-77  when  Washington  was  operating  around  Trenton, 
Howe  threatened  Philadelphia,  and  Congress  had  fled  to 
Baltimore,  leaving  Morris  at  the  head  of  a  committee  in  the 
capital  of  the  war-torn  Colonies,  to  hurry  forward  the  work 
upon  uncompleted  ships  at  the  Delaware  yards  and,  if  pos- 
sible, send  them  to  sea  before  the  British  should  descend 
upon  the  city.  Morris,  in  truth,  was  that  committee.  With 
the  loyal  support  of  his  friend  John  Hancock,  then  Presi- 
dent of  Congress, — another  capable  business  man  who  under- 
stood the  impracticability  of  too  much  consultation  and 
discussion  when  great  objects  were  to  be  attained, — he  was 
for  the  time  being  the  entire  American  government  on  its 
civil  side.  "Whatever  he  may  have  done  in  strengthening 
the  defences  of  the  city,  iu  arranging,  with  his  exceptional 
experience  as  a  shipmaster,  for  the  quick  despatch  of  the 
fleet  down  the  bay  to  safety  in  the  open  sea,  in  directing 
the  citizens  as  they  departed  with  their  movable  goods  to 
places  of  refuge  in  Lancaster,  York,  and  other  parts  of  the 
State,  it  is  not  easily  conceivable  that  any  smaller  character 
could  have  secured  upon  a  few  hours'  notice,  on  his  private 
credit,  the  sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars  to  forward  the  oper- 


A  Great  FhilaJclphian  :  liohcrt  Jlorris.  279 

ations  of  General  Wadhiugton.  That  it  was  this  money,  pro- 
cured by  Mr.  Morris's  single-handed  exertions,  which  induced 
the  troops,  whose  time  of  enlistment  had  expired  with  the 
year,  to  continue  in  the  service,  and  which  enabled  the 
Commander-in-Cliief  a  second  time  to  steal  up  behind  the 
British  and  Hessian  forces  near  Trenton  and  administer  the 
defeat  that  effectually  protected  Philadelphia  from  occupa- 
tion by  the  enemy  during  that  winter,  may  readily  be 
demonstrated.  This  service  Washington  never  forgot,  nor 
should  any  American  of  this  day  value  less  the  title  to  na- 
tional gratitude  won  by  ^Ir.  Morris  on  this  historic  occasion. 
The  winters  at  Trenton  and  Valley  Forge  ended,  no  other 
season  was  gloomier  or  more  critical  than  1781,  when,  after 
five  years  of  more  or  less  unfruitful  struggle,  the  public 
credit  was  entirely  exhausted.  The  Continental  currency 
had  come  to  have  so  little  value  that  it  was  used  to  plaster 
the  walls  of  barber  shops  and  to  kindle  fires  under  offensive 
Tory  gentlemen.  France  had  declared  that  she  would 
supply  no  more  money  to  her  American  allies.  The 
American  Whigs  of  most  talent  and  ability,  who,  when  the 
war  began,  had  come  forward  generously  to  offer  their 
services  to  their  country,  had  left  the  national  council  halls 
to  resume  the  direction  of  their  private  affairs,  long  sorely 
neglected.  The  sessions  of  the  Continental  Congress  were 
slimly  attended  by  men  of  no  great  degree  of  attainment, 
and  their  acts  commanded  little  public  confidence.  It 
was  at  this  juncture  that  Robert  Morris  appeared,  being 
again  called  to  the  head  of  the  government,  to  occupy  a 
new  office  especially  created  to  tempt  him  back  into  the 
public  line,  the  Superintendent  of  the  United  States 
Finances.  A  single  oflicial  was  now  to  take  the  place  of 
the  old  Treasury  Board,  whose  members  consumed  their 
energies  in  the  fruitless  discussion  of  questions  which 
they  but  imperfectly  understood,  powerless  to  enforce 
their  numerous  resolves.  Xot  content  with  any  partial 
authority,  Morris  absorbed  several  other  ofiices  and  made 
himself  at  once  the  head  of  the  Marine  and  Commissary 


280  A  Great  Fhiladelphian  :  Robert  Morris. 

Departments.  Indeed,  as  the  unfriendly  Governor  Reed 
observed,  "  lie  exercised  the  powers  really  of  the  three 
great  departments  [War,  Foreign  Affairs,  and  Finance] ,  and 
Congress  have  only  to  give  their  liat  to  his  mandates." 
Once  more  he  bore  almost  the  entire  responsibility  of 
government  npon  his  own  shoulders.  The  War  Department 
had  no  more  important  task  than  to  secure  pay  and  sub- 
sistence for  the  troops,  and  the  Foreign  Office  had  no  duty 
to  perform  so  necessary  as  the  work  of  extorting  money  from 
European  governments.  Morris  took  all  these  lines  of 
business  into  his  own  hands, — visited  "Washington's  camp ; 
coaxed  from  the  States,  under  threat  of  military  seizure, 
food  for  the  soldiers  and  horses  that  were  soon  put  in  mo- 
tion in  Xew  York  for  the  descent  upon  Yorkto\^Ti,  borrow- 
ing the  money  from  Rochambeau  to  pay  the  mutinous 
troops  who,  unpaid,  would  not  go  farther  south  than  the 
Head  of  Elk;  drew  bills  upon  Frankhn  at  Paris,  Jay  at 
Madrid,  and  John  Adams  at  the  Hague,  and  sent  them 
skurrying  to  public  and  private  treasuries  to  find  the  money 
to  prevent  the  dishonor  of  protest ;  conveyed  specie  from 
Boston  by  ox-train  to  fill  the  tills  of  the  new  Bank  of  North 
America;  issued  his  own  notes  in  anticipation  of  the  col- 
lection of  taxes  in  the  impotent  States;  sold  tobacco  in 
Europe,  despatched  his  agents  to  the  Carolinas  for  indigo 
and  skins,  and  sent  ships  to  Cuba  with  flour  to  be  disposed 
of  for  cash  to  the  Governor  of  Havana.  From  May,  1781, 
when  the  credit  of  Congress  was  at  the  lowest  ebb,  until 
JSTovember,  1784,  when  peace  was  assured  and  the  army 
had  been  disbanded,  Morris  administered  the  Office  of 
Finance  with  a  hand  as  successful  as  it  was  imperial.  His 
justification  was  found  in  the  triumph  of  his  daring  policies ; 
in  the  lifelong  and  warm  friendships  of  General  Washing- 
ton, Alexander  Hamilton,  John  Jay,  Gouverneur  Morris, 
and  the  entire  Federalist  element;  in  the  respect  of  the 
people  at  large,  who  revered  his  name  and  w^ho  sent  him 
to  the  Constitutional  Convention  and  later  to  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States  from  Pennsylvania  to  serve  for  six 


A  Great  Philadclphian :  Bobert  Morris.  281 

years  as  the  principal   pillar  of  TVasliiiigtoirs  administra- 
tion. 

It  is  in  the  manuscript  books  which  Congress  has  lately 
acquired  from  General  Kcad's  library  that  we  lind  the  fust 
intelligible  account  of  these  remarkable  transactions.  The 
last  three  years  of  the  war  are  decidedly  the  most  important 
of  the  seven,  and  the  man  who  was  the  most  powerful  in- 
fluence in  civil  administration  in  that  period  relates  in  a 
diary,  with  entries  covering  his  entire  term  of  office,  and  in 
letters  to  generals,  governors,  congressmen,  ambassadors, 
bankers,  and  treasury  agents,  the  whole  story  of  the  meas- 
ures taken  to  bring  the  war  to  a  happy  end  and  compel 
England  to  relinquish  further  claim  to  the  disposal  of  tlie 
lives  and  liberties  of  her  American  colonists. 

It  is  not  only  to  the  bare,  cold  details  of  the  life  of  a 
faithful  officer  that  we  are  introduced  by  a  study  of  Mr. 
Morris's  writings.  We  also  receive  glimpses  of  a  character 
which  was  large,  generous,  and  lovable,  one  that  each  man 
and  woman  of  us  Avould  recognize  wherever  we  should 
meet  its  like,  for  honesty  and  worth.  His  enemies  were 
malignant,  and  pursued  him  relentlessly  until  the  end  of 
his  political  career;  but  to  all  of  them  his  effective  re- 
sponse was  faithful  service  and  an  indifferent  attitude  in  the 
face  of  insult,  except  when  he  was  most  deeply  stung  by 
their  unjust  aspersions  upon  his  morals  as  a  public  officer. 
This  disdainful  manner  while  under  attack  is  illustrated  in 
his  letter  to  Mr.  Comfort  Sands  in  1782.  To  that  gentle- 
man Mr.  Morris  wrote, — 

"As  to  what  you  tell  me  of  reports  circulating  to  rny 
prejudice,  depend  on  it  they  give  me  no  kind  of  concern. 
All  my  transactions  are  open,  and  I  expect  to  give  my 
country  the  pleasure  of  seeing  that  the  expenditures  are  far 
more  moderate  than  they  have  reason  to  expect.  In  the 
meantime  any  abuse  or  misrepresentation  which  particular 
persons  may  indulge  themselves  in  I  consider  as  the  neces- 
sary trappings  of  office,  and  if  they  can  obtain  forgiveness 
from  their  country  they  will  always  have  mine  most  freely." 


282  .4  Great  Philaddphlan  :  Robert  Morris. 

Another  time  he  wrote, — 

"  I  am  not  ignorant  that  many  people  emjiloy  themselves 
in  defaming  men  whom  they  do  not  know  and  measnros 
which  they  do  not  understand.  To  such  illiberal  charac- 
ters the  best  answer  is  to  act  well." 

Bnt  under  some  particularly  vicious  attacks  Morris  was 
far  less  equable.  A  Mr.  Pierce  called  at  the  OtHce  of  Fi- 
nance to  say  that  some  otHcers  of  the  Pennsylvania  line 
were  publicly  declaring  that  they  had  been  paid  in  notes 
which  were  not  of  face  value.  The  Superintendent,  ac- 
cording to  the  allegation,  had  directed  a  broker  to  buy  up 
the  paper  as  soon  as  the  necessities  of  the  soldiers  required 
them  to  part  \^'ith  it,  and  by  this  process  thirty  thousand 
dollars  had  been  gained  by  the  United  States,  or  by  per- 
sons privy  to  the  transaction.  Upon  hearing  this  report 
Mr.  jVrorris  ^^Tote  in  his  Diary, — 

"  I  requested  him  [Pierce]  to  wait  on  those  officers  and 
urge  them  to  search  into  the  bottom  of  any  information 
they  had  on  that  subject  and  pursue  every  trace  they  could 
find  leading  to  such  transactions,  in  order  that  they  may 
prove  my  guilt  or  innocence,  and  I  promised  that  if  I  ever 
did  buy  one  single  note,  either  for  public  or  private  ac- 
count, either  directly  by  myself  or  by  means  of  others,  I 
will  agree  to  sacrifice  everything  that  is  dear  and  valuable 
to  man.  i^ever  was  a  more  malignant  and  false  slander 
invented." 

Of  all  the  public  men  of  the  time  there  was  none  above 
the  rank  of  his  colleague  in  the  United  States  Senate,  Wil- 
liam Maclay,  of  Ilarrisburg,  Thomas  Paine,  and  Arthur  Lee 
to  question  his  devotion  and  integrity.  James  Madison 
w^as  not  of  Robert  Morris's  political  faith;  but  while  in 
Congress  in  1782  he  WTote  to  Edmund  Randolph, — 

"  My  charity,  I  own,  cannot  invent  an  excuse  for  the  pre- 
pense malice  with  which  the  character  and  services  of  this 
gentleman  are  murdered.  I  am  persuaded  that  he  ac- 
cepted his  offices  from  motives  which  w^ere  honorable  and 
patriotic.     I  have  seen  no  proof  of  misfeasance.     I  have 


A  Great  Plaladdphian :  Ixohcrl  Jlorris.  283 

licard  of  many  charges  which  were  palpably  erroneous.  I 
Ijavc  k^o^vn  others  somewhat  suspicious  vanish  on  exami- 
nation. Every  member  in  Congress  must  be  sensible  of 
the  benefit  whicli  has  accrued  to  the  public  from  his  ad- 
ministration, no  intelligent  man  out  of  Congress  can  be 
altogether  insensible  of  it." 

Ko  one  then  was,  and  it  is  strange  that  any  since  should 
have  been  unmindful  of  his  great  serdces  to  the  coun- 
try, not  only  in  lending  his  personal  credit  and  financial 
skill,  but  also  in  steadfastly  ujjholding  the  dignity  of  office 
by  liis  private  entertainments  at  his  city  and  country 
homes  at  a  time  when  the  prestige  of  the  Colonies  was 
at  a  low  ebb  in  the  sight  of  the  French  and  the  Dutch, 
from  whom  we  were  seeking  large  loans  of  money;  in  the 
sight,  too,  of  Americans,  who  would  have  thought  him  a 
much  less  potent  person  had  he  enjoyed  his  wealth  less 
showily. 

That  he  later  miscalculated  the  momentum  of  the  eco- 
nomic prosperity  of  the  republic  he  had  done  so  much  to 
found,  and  overlooked  the  dire  consequences  of  the  iSTapo- 
leonic  wars,  was  no  more  than  a  misfortune  brought  on  by 
his  bold  and  optimistic  nature.  That  he  should  have  gone 
down  under  a  great  part  of  Xew  York  State ;  seven  thou- 
sand two  hundred  and  thirty-four  building  lots  in  the  new 
District  of  Columbia;  two  or  three  million  acres  of  land  in 
Pennsylvania,  now  productive  of  large  quantities  of  coal 
and  petroleum ;  six  million  acres  in  Virginia,  Georgia,  the 
Carolinas,  and  Kentucky;  and  two  or  three  of  the  finest 
mansions  ever  up  to  that  time  erected  on  the  American 
continent,  is  less  a  reflection  upon  the  man  than  upon  the 
singular  state  of  the  times.  It  would  probably  have  oc- 
curred to  few  men  with  the  ability  to  accumulate  this  great 
amount  of  property  at  a  few  cents  per  acre  that  a  time 
might  come  when  it  could  not  be  sold  or  mortgaged  some- 
where in  the  money  centres  of  Europe  or  America  for  a 
sufticient  sum  to  pay  the  interest  charges  and  the  taxes. 
That  it  would  have  inestimable  value  before  many  years 


284 


A  Great  Philaddphian :  Bohcrt  Jfon'is. 


should  elapse  needed  no  rare  gift  of  foresight.  Yet  this 
unexpected  time  did  arrive— and  very  soon— when  no  con- 
ceivable endeavor  that  he,  his  sons,  and  his  other  agents 
were  able  to  put  forth  could  save  him  from  the  raf.id  and 
complete  dissolution  of  his  fortune.  Everything  must  i^o 
to^  satisfy  his  creditors  ;  and  they  were  still  clamorous  tt^r 
miUions  more,  when  the  harsh  bankruptcy  laws  were  called 
upon  by  some  of  the  more  implacable  of  his  enemies,  who 
cared  not  for  his  public  sernces  or  the  true  worth  of  his 
character,  though  his  accounts  with  them  were  relatively 
small,  and  who  sent  him  to  prison,  where  he  languished  for 
three  years,  six  months,  and  ten  days. 

That  I  may  not  be  suspected  of  undeserved  eulogies  or 
too  appreciative  a  view  of  his  services,  it  will  be  well  to 
give  a  few  extracts  from  Mr.  Morris's  Diary  and  Letter- 
Books,  which  it  is  proposed  soon  to  edit  and  put  into  print. 
His  writings  are  interesting  on  three -accounts,  independent 
of  the  great  importance  of  the  matters  and  the  period  to 
which  they  relate  :  (1)  because  he  was  a  patriotic  and  forceful 
man ;  (2)  because  he  possessed  a  hterary  style ;  and  (3)  be- 
cause of  his  unfaihng  sense  of  humor,  even  under  circum- 
stances most  adverse. 

Some  extracts  from  his  writings  will  prove  the  first  of 
these  points  and  indicate  Mr.   Morris's   patriotism.     The 
following  entry  is   made  in  his  Diary  for  September   1     2 
3,  4,  and  5,  1781:  '     ' 

"His  Excellency,  the  Commander-in-Chief,  having  re- 
peatedly urged  both  by  letter  and  in  conversation  the 
necessity  of  paying  a  month's  pay  to  the  detachment  of 
troops  marching  to  the  southward  under  command  of 
Major  General  Lincoln  and  my  funds  and  resources  being 
at  this  time  totally  inadequate  to  make  that  advance  and  a't 
the  same  time  answer  the  various  calls  and  demands  that 
are  indispensable,  I  made  application  to  his  Ex.  Count  de 
Rochambeau  for  a  loan  of  20,000  hard  dollars  for  such 
time  as  his  military  chest  could  without  inconvenience 
spare   that   sum,  promising  repayment  at  the  time  they 


A  Great  PhUadelpMan  :  JRohert  Morris.  285 

should  fix.  I  was  desired  to  meet  the  count  at  his  Excel- 
lency the  Chevalier  de  la  Luzerne's  house  v;hich  I  did  on 
"\rednesday  the  5th  inst.  when  I  met  the  said  minister, 
Coant  de  Rochambeau  and  General  Chastellux.  They  in- 
formed me  of  their  strong  desire  to  comply  with  my  re- 
quest but  that  their  treasury  vras  at  present  not  well  filled 
considering  the  daily  drains  from  it  and  that  although  they 
had  money  arrived  at  Boston  it  would  require  six  or  eight 
v.eeks  to  get  it  from  thence,  that  although  they  expected 
money  by  the  fleet  of  Compte  de  Grasse  yet  it  was  not 
then  arrived  and  of  course  that  supply  less  certain  than  the 

oiher,  that  the  Intendant and  the  Treasurer  were  set 

out  for  the  Head  of  Elk  and  tlieir  consent  was  necessary. 
However  they  concluded  this  subject  with  requesting  that  I 
would  ride  down  to  Chester  where  we  should  overtake 
these  gentlemen  and  if  it  were  possible  on  consideration  of 
all  circumstances  they  would  supply  the  money  I  required, 
His  Excellency  General  "Washington  being  extremely  de- 
sirous that  the  troops  should  receive  three  months  pay  as 
great  sjmiptoms  of  discontent  had  appeared  on  their  pass- 
ing through  the  city  without  it.  This  aifair  being  consid- 
ered of  great  importance  I  desired  Mr.  Gouverneur  Morris 
my  assistant  to  accompany  me,  on  account  of  his  speaking 
fluently  the  French  language.  "We  set  out  at  three  o'clock 
for  Chester  and  on  the  road  met  an  express  from  his  Ex- 
cellency General  Washington  who  had  left  us  in  the  morn- 
ing to  join  his  troops  at  the  Head  of  Elk  with  the  agreeable 
riews  of  the  safe  arrival  of  Count  de  Grasse  and  his  fleet  in 
Chesapeake.  Tliis  news  I  received  with  infinite  satisfaction 
oa  every  account  and  amongst  the  rest  one  reason  was  the 
fAcilit}^  it  would  give  the  French  Treasurj^  in  complpng 
with  my  views  and  this  I  found  was  actually  the  case,  as  his 
Excellency  Count  de  Rochambeau  very  readily  agreed  at 
Chester  to  supply  at  the  Head  of  Elk  20,000  hard  dollars 
to  such  person  as  I  should  appoint  to  receive  the  same,  I 
engaging  to  replace  the  same  sum  in  their  Treasury  by  tlie 
fin>l  day  of  October  next  which  I  agreed  to  and  after  dis- 


286 


A  Great  Philnddphiau  :  Rohtrt  Morris, 


patchino:  some  advices  to  the  Commaiuler-in-Chief  and  to 
Uv.  Kidlcy  of  Baltimore  1  returned  to  this  city  about  twelve 
oclock  having  been  impeded  in  my  journey  by  meetinc.  the 
last  division  of  the  French  Army,  their  artillery  and^'ba^- 
gage  on  tlie  road.  ...  In  the  conference  with  his  Ex- 
Count  de  Roehambeau  and  General  Chastellux  they  asked 
whether  if  upon  any  occasion  their  treasury  should  stand 
in  need  of  temporary  aids  I  thought  they  could  pro- 
cure such  loans  in  this  city.  I  answered  that  money  is 
very  scarce,  that  the  people  who  have  property  o-euerally 
keep  it  employed  and  that  no  certain  dependence  can  be 
placed  on  any  given  sums,  but  that  I  knew  the  people  to  be 
very  generally  disposed  to  assist  our  generous  allies  and 
should  such  occasion  ofier  I  was  cert.ain  they  would  exert 
themselves.  As  to  my  own  part  they  might  on  every  occa- 
sion command  my  utmost  services,  assistance  and  exertions, 
both  as  a  public  officer  and  as  an  individual.'' 

On  Kovember  3,  1781,  Mr.  Morris  writes  in  his  Diary ,_ 
"This  day  on  the  invitation  of  his  Excellency  the  ilin- 
ister  of  France  I  attended  at  the  Romish  Church  a  te  dcum 
sung  on  the  account  of  the  capture  of  Lord  Cornwallis  and 
his  army.     Soon  after  arrived  the  colors  taken  by  his  Ex- 
cellency General  Washing-ton  with  that  army  which  were 
brought  by   Colonel   Humphrys  to  Chester,  there  met  by 
Colonel  Tilghrnan  and  thence  conducted  hither  by  these  two 
aide-de-camps  of  the  general.     The  city  troop  of'light  horse 
went  out  to  meet  them  and  became  the  standard  bearers  as 
twenty  four  gentlemen  privates  in  that  corps  carried  each  ot 
them  one  of  the  colors  displayed,  the  American  and  French 
flags  preceding  the  captured  trophies  which  were  conducted 
down  Market  Street  to  the  Coffee  House,  thence    down 
Front  to  Chestnut  Street  and  up  that  to"  the  State  House 
where  they  were  laid  at  the  feet  of  Congress  who  were  sit- 
ting, and  many  of  the  members  tell  me  that  instead  of  view- 
ing the  transaction  as  a  raeer  matter  of  joyful  ceremony 
which  they  expected  to  do  they  instantly  felt  themselves 
impressed  with  ideas  of  the  most  solemn  and  awful  nature. 


A  Great  Fldladdphian  :  Robert  Morris.  287 

It  brought  to  their  minds  the  distresses  our  country  has 
been  exposed  to,  the  eahimities  -,ve  have  repeatedly  suftercd, 
tlie  perilous  situation  which  our  afl'airs  have  almost  always 
been  in,  and  they  could  not  but  recollect  the  threats  of  Lord 
North  that  he  would  bring  America  to  his  feet  on  uncondi- 
tional terms  of  submission.  But  Glory  be  unto  thee.  Oh 
Lord  God,  who  hath  youchsafed  to  rescue  from  slavery  and 
from  death  these  thy  servants." 

On  June  6,  1782,  Mr.  Morris  writes, — 

"  Colonel  Pope  of  Delaware  state  pressed  me  for  an  ad- 
vance of  money  to  enable  that  state  to  fit  out  the  schooner 
they  have  built  for  the  defence  of  their  river  craft,  so  that 
the  people  may  bring  their  produce  to  the  Philadelphia  mar- 
ket for  sale  and  thereby  become  able  to  pay  taxes  in  specie. 
Governor  Dickinson  sent  this  gentleman  to  me  and  offers 
himself  to  become  security  for  the  money.  I  desired  Colo- 
nel Pope  to  call  again  at  four  o'clock  but  in  the  meantime 
revolving  this  thing  in  my  mind  I  thought  it  improper  to 
make  the  advance  as  Superintendent  of  Finance  as  other 
states  would  claim  similar  aid.  Therefore  I  concluded  to 
lend  Governor  Dickinson  £1000  of  ray  private  funds,  taking 
his  bond  for  the  same." 

For  July  4,  1783,  this  insertion  appears  in  the  Diary: 

''  This  being  the  anniversary  of  that  auspicious  day  on 
which  the  Declaration  of  the  Independence  of  the  ITnited 
States  was  made  I  came  to  the  ofiice  in  the  forenoon  but 
dismissed  the  clerks  from  ser\'ice  that  they  might  enjoy  the 
day  in  the  manner  most  agreeable  to  themselves.  Finding 
on  my  return  from  Princetown  that  no  public  entertainment 
was  provided  for  this  day  I  invited  a  company  of  forty  gen- 
tlemen consisting  of  foreigners,  military  and  civil  officers 
and  citizens  and  spent  the  afternoon  and  evening  in  great 
festivity  and  mirth." 

A  letter  written  by  Robert  !Morris  from  the  Office  of 
Finance  on  August  22,  1781,  just  prior  to  the  advance  upon 
Yorktown,  to  the  Governors  of  Xew  Jersey  and  Delaware, 
runs  as  follows : 


288  A  Great  Fhiladclphian  :  JRobert  Atoms. 

"  Sir :  I  have  in  a  former  letter  forwarded  to  your  Excel- 
lency an  account  of  the  specific  supplies  which  Congrer^s 
had  demanded  from  your  state.  It  now  becomes  my  duty 
again  to  press  for  a  compliance  with  those  demands.  The 
exigencies  of  the  service  require  immediate  attention.  We 
are  on  the  eve  of  the  most  active  operations  and  should 
they  be  in  any  wise  retarded  by  the  want  of  necessary  sup- 
plies the  most  unhappy  consequences  may  follow.  Those 
who  may  be  justly  chargeable  w^th  neglect  wall  have  to 
answer  for  it  to  their  country,  their  allies,  to  the  present 
generation  and  to  posterity.  I  hope,  entreat,  expect  the 
utmost  possible  efforts  on  the  part  of  your  state;  and  con- 
fide in  your  Excellency's  prudence  and  vigor  to  render 
those  efforts  effectual. 

"  I  beg  to  know  most  speedily.  Sir,  what  supplies  are  col- 
lected and  at  what  places;  as  also  the  times  and  places  at 
which  the  remainder  is  to  be  expected.  I  cannot  express 
to  you  my  solicitude  on  this  occasion.  My  declaration  to 
Congress  when  I  entered  upon  my  ofiice  will  prevent  the 
blame  of  ill  accidents  from  lighting  upon  me  even  if  I  were 
less  attentive  than  I  am  :  but  it  is  impossible  not  to  feel 
most  deeply  on  occasions  where  the  greatest  objects  maybe 
impaired  or  destroyed  by  indolence  or  neglect.  I  must 
therefore  again  reiterate  my  request?,  and  while  I  assure  you 
that  nothing  but  the  urgency  of  our  affairs  would  render  me 
thus  importunate,  I  must  also  assure  you  that  while  those 
affairs  continue  so  urgent  I  must  continue  to  importune. 
"With  all  possible  respect  etc." 

On  May  16,  1782,  Morris  wrote  what  was  probably  the 
most  vigorous  of  his  official  communications,  but,  uncer- 
tain in  his  own  mind  as  to  the  advisability  of  sending  it, 
since  disclosure  of  the  deplorable  state  of  the  Revolutionary 
finances  might  very  likely  give  comfort  to  the  enemy,  it  was 
submitted  to  a  committee  of  Congress.  This  body  of  men 
recommended  that  the  letter  be  withheld,  and  proposed 
instead  personal  interviews  managed  in  privacy.  This 
famous  letter  concluded  as  follows  : 


A  Great  Philadelphian  :  liobert  3Iorns.  289 

<'Now,  Sir,  should  the  army  disband  and  should  scenes 
of  distress  and  horror  be  reiterated  and  accumulated,  I 
fiiirain  repeat  that  I  am  guiltless;  the  fault  is  in  the  states. 
They  have  been  deaf  to  the  calls  of  Congress,  to  the 
clamors  of  the  public  creditors,  to  the  just  demands  of  a" 
suffering  army,  and  even  to  the  reproaches  of  the  enemy, 
who  scoihngly  declare  that  the  American  army  is  fed,  paid 
and  clothed  by  France.  That  assertion  so  dishonorable  to 
America  was  true,  but  the  kindness  of  France  has  its 
bounds,  and  our  army,  unfed,  unpaid  and  unclothed  will 
have  to  subsist  itself  or  disband  itself. 

"  This  language  may  appear  extraordinary,  but  at  a 
future  day  when  my  traiisactions  shall  be  laid  bare  to  pub- 
lic view  it  will  be  justilied.  This  language  may  not  consist 
with  the  ideas  of  dignity  which  some  men  entertain.  But, 
Sir,  dignity  is  in  duty  and  in  virtue,  not  in  the  sound  ot 
swelling  expressions.  Congress  may  dismiss  their  servants 
and  the  states  may  dismiss  their  Congress,  but  it  is  by  rec- 
titude alone  that  man  can  be  respectable.  I  have  early  de- 
clared our  situation  as  far  as  prudence  would  permit,  and  I 
am  now  compelled  to  transgress  the  bounds  of  prudence  by 
being  forced  to  declare  that  unless  \-igorou3  exertions  are 
made  to  put  money  into  the  Treasury  we  must  be  ruined. 
I  liave  borne  with  delays  and  disappointments  as  long  as  I 
could,  and  nothing  but  hard  necessity  would  have  wrung 
from  me  the  sentiments  which  I  have  now  expressed.  I 
have  the  honor  to  be  your  most  obedient  and  humble 
servant, 

"HoBERT  Morris." 

In  addition  to  being  a  very  fluent,  prolific,  and  strong 
writer,  Mr.  Morris  possessed  a  literary  style  which  will  cause 
his  work,  when  it  is  better  known,  to  take  a  place  beside  the 
writings  of  the  other  leading  founders  of  this  government. 
A  few  extracts  taken  at  random  may  be  convincing: 

"  Men  are  less  ashamed  to  do  wrong  than  vexed  to  be 
told  of  it." 

VOL.  XXVIII. — 19 


290  A  Great  PhiladdpJuan  :  Bobert  ^forris. 

'•  We  are  not  to  expect  perfect  institutions  from  linniau 
wisdom  and  must  therefore  console  oui-seivos  with  the  deter- 
mination to  reform  errors  as  soon  as  experience  points  out 
the  necessity  for  and  the  means  of  amendment.  A  vs-hole 
p>eople  sehlom  continue  long  in  error." 

"  Difficulties  are  always  to  be  distinguished  from  possi- 
bilities. After  endeavoring  by  your  utmost  exertions  to 
surmount  them  you  will  be  able  to  determine  which  of  them 
are  insurmountable." 

"  Confidence  is  the  source  of  credit  and  credit  is  the  soul 
of  all  pecuniary  operations." 

"  Men  are  more  apt  to  trust  one  whom  they  can  call  to 
account  than  three  who  do  not  hold  themselves  accountable 
or  three-and-thirty  who  may  appoint  those  three." 

"  I  only  wish  that  every  member  of  every  legislature  on 
the  continent  were  as  much  teased,  harassed  and  tormented 
to  do  wliat  the  legislatures  alone  can  do  as  I  am  to  do  what 
I  alone  cannot  do." 

"  The  moral  causes  that  may  procrastinate  or  precipitate 
events  are  hidden  from  mortal  view.  But  it  is  within  the 
bounds  of  human  knowledge  to  determine  that  all  earthly 
things  have  some  limits  which  it  is  imprudent  to  exceed, 
others  which  it  is  dangerous  to  exceed,  and  some  which  can 
never  be  exceeded." 

Morris's  sense  of  humor  was  well  developed.  The  shafts 
of  his  satire  were  pointed  and  unerring.  In  his  Diary  such 
entries  as  the  following  frequently  appear  : 

"  Today  I  had  various  fruitless  applications  made  me  for 
money." 

"  To  my  great  surprise  there  was  no  application  for  money 
this  day." 

"I  told  him  he  must  rub  through  "another  month." 

"  Exceedingly  teased  this  day  with  a  variety  of  fruitless 
applications." 

"  I  insisted  that  he  shall  not  come  here  to  take  up  any 
more  of  my  time  so  improperly." 

"  Colonel  Pickering   called  for  money.     His  wants   are 


A  Great  Pldladelpkia7i :  Bohtrt  JTonis.  291 

most  pressing  and  eqimlled  by  nothing  but  the  poverty  of 
the  Treasury.  I  have  liowever  granted  him  a  warrant  on 
Mr.  Hillegas  for  800  dollars." 

*'  I  sent  for  Mr.  T.  Edisou  in  consequence  of  a  melancholy 
letter  to  George  Bond  Esq.,  Deputy  Secretary  to  Congress 
and  which  was  sent  to  me  by  Charles  Thompson  Esq.  I 
gave  Mr.  Edison  my  opinion  that  he  was  too  expensive  for 
his  circumstances  and  that  Congress  do  not  mean  to  support 
extravagance  although  they  are  disposed  to  reward  in  rea- 
son and  moderation  those  who  rendered  public  service." 

In  January,  1784,  Mr.  Morris  wrote  to  two  majors,  one 
captain,  and  a  lieutenant  who  had  united  in  an  impudent 
round  robin : 


"  Gentlemen  :  I  have  received  this  morning  your  applica- 
tion.     I  make  the   earliest  answer  to  it.      You   demand 
instant  payment.     I  have  no  money  to  pay  you  with. 
"  Your  most  obedient  and  humble  servant, 

"Robert  Morris." 

An  outrageous  bore  who  came  to  the  Office  of  Finance 
with  a  perpetual-motion  machine  "  went  away  convinced 
that  his  discoveries  were  very  defective." 

This  brave  life  went  out  sadly  and  pathetically,  despite 
the  fortitude  and  good-humor  which  the  financier  sought  to 
command  as  the  sheriff's  officers  in  1798  came  to  his  beau- 
tiful home  at  "  The  Hills"  to  take  him  into  custody.  To 
Ilenry  SheafF,  in  response  to  a  very  urgent  dun,  he  wrote  in 
January  of  that  year, — 

"  K  it  be  possible  for  me  to  get  the  aid  you  ask  for  in 
your  letter  of  the  22d  I  will  do  it.  I  wish  you  would  not 
write  to  me  in  such  terms  as  you  do.  You  wound  me  to 
the  soul,  and  if  that  does  you  any  good  I  will  submit 
patiently,  but  if  it  does  not  ease  you  why  wound  me  deeply 
when  my  most  ardent  wish  is  to  relieve  you  ?  But  what 
can  I  do  immured  here  without  access  to  mankind  and  I 


292  A  Great  Fhiladdphian  :  Robert  Morris. 

expect  soon  to  be  immured  in  a  worse  place.  AVherevcr  I 
may  be  I  shall  think  of  and  strive  to  relieve  you." 

On  the  IGth  of  February  he  wrote  to  his  unfortunate 
partner,  John  Nicholson, — 

"  If  writing  notes  could  relieve  me  you  would  do  it 
sooner  than  any  man  in  the  world^  but  all  you  liave  said  in 
these  now  before  me,  numbers  5  to  9  inclusive,  amounts 
when  summed  up  to  nothing.  My  money  is  gone.  !My 
furniture  is  to  be  sold.  I  am  to  go  to  prison  and  my  family 
to  starve.     Good  Night." 

But  even  after  the  prison  doors  closed  bebind  him, 
Morris's  sense  of  humor  did  not  desert  him.  To  John 
Nicholson  he  wrote  in  February,  1798,  immediately  after 
he  reached  the  debtors'  apartments  in  Prune,  now  Locust 
Street : 

"  My  confinement  has  so  far  been  attended  with  disagree- 
able and  uncomfortable  circumstances,  for  ha"\dng  no  par- 
ticular place  allotted  for  me  I  feel  myself  an  intruder  in 
every  place  into  which  I  go.  I  sleep  in  another  person's 
bed.  I  occupy  other  people's  rooms,  and  if  I  attempt  to  sit 
down  to  write,  it  is  at  the  interruption  and  inconvenience 
of  some  one  who  has  acquired  a  prior  right  to  the  place.  I 
am  trying  daily  to  get  a  room  for  a  high  rent  and  now  have 
a  prospect  of  succeeding.  I  now  am  writing  in  the  room 
which  is  the  best  in  this  house  and  hope  to  have  compleat 
possession  in  a  day  or  two.  Then  I  can  set  up  a  bed  and 
introduce  such  furniture  and  conveniences  as  will  make  me 
comfortable.  When  that  is  done  my  situation  may  be  sup- 
portable until  such  time  as  a  change  can  be  effected.  But 
this  place  ought  to  be  avoided  by  all  that  can  possibly  keep 
out  of  it.  I  know  you  will  use  every  effort  to  that  effect 
and  I  hope  to  God  you  may  succeed,  but  I  doubt  it." 

He  wrote  again  to  Nicholson  soon  after  his  confinement 
began,  "  Adieu,  I  am  called  to  dinner,  by  which  you  may 
learn  that  we  eat  even  here." 

Nevertheless,  he  was  allowed  many  liberties  not  com- 
patible ^vith  prison  life  to-day.     He  might  receive  visitors, — 


A  Great  PJdladelphian  :  Eobcrt  Morris.  293 

no  very  valuable  privilege,  since  it  opened  the  way  to  liis 
gtill  importunate  creditors.  He  might,  under  some  circum- 
Btances,  walk  abroad,  and  the  inmates  dined  companion- 
ably  together,  as  will  appear  from  this  letter  to  Joseph 
Iligbee  of  March  6,  1798  : 

"  Dear  Sir  : — If  you  please  our  mess  wish  to  be  supplied 
with  wine  from  the  pipe  out  of  which  the  demijohn  was 
filled  yesterday.  May  I  request  that  you  will  direct  your 
cooper  to  stir  it  down  this  morning  so  that  it  may  as  soon 
as  possible  be  fi.t  for  use.  A  quart  of  milk  poured  in  at  the 
bung  and  then  well  stirred  with  a  stick  that  will  reach  the 
bottom  -will  do  the  business.  I  formerly  used  a  hoop  pole 
slit  at  the  lower  end  and  worked  it  about  in  the  pipe  in  all 
directions  .about  ten  or  fifteen  minutes  and  the  business  was 
done.  Excuse  this  trouble.  I  hope  to  do  more  for  you 
before  I  die.     Yours  sincerely, 

"  Robert  Morris." 

To  John  Nicholson  he  wrote,  still  continuing  his  corre- 
spondence on  business  affairs.  "  I  enclose  herein  a  tickler 
[a  note  due  or  soon  to  fall  due]  from  your  dearly  beloved 
friend  Aaron  Burr  Esq.,  keeping  the  fellow  to  it  addressed 
to  myself.  What  a  blessed  plight  these  notes  have  reduced 
us  to."  And  again,  "  Alas  poor  Washington  !  How  much 
we  overrated  thy  square  feet  when  marching  over  thy  ave- 
nues and  streets." 

It  is  often  said  that  for  his  countrymen  to  have  permitted 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania  to  inflict  such  a  penalty  upon  one 
who  a  few  years  before  had  been  the  most  honored  and  dis- 
tinguished of  all  its  patriots,  except  Franklin,  was  a  great 
national  disgrace.  General  Washington  plainly  regarded 
the  event  in  this  light,  or  he  scarcely  would  have  v-isited  his 
old  friend  and  military  coadjutor  in  the  prison-house. 
Thomas  Jefferson,  although  a  political  adversary,  must 
have  been  of  a  similar  opinion,  else  he  would  not  have  ex- 
pressed a  desire  that  Morris  should  be  freed  to  become  Sec- 
retary of  the  Navy  in  his  Cabinet.     Nor  can  more  than  a 


294 


A  Great  PhiUiddjiJu'an  :  Bobert  3Iorris. 


few  of  the  people  of  Pliiladelpliia  have  considered  each 
treatment  deserved  or  just,  when  a  large  body  of  mechanics 
oftered  to  contribute  their  savings  to  a  fund  to  release  the 
Revolutionary  financier  from  his  confinement,  which  became 
the  more  irksome  through  the  ravages  of  the  fatal  fever 
that  swept  the  city  during  these  years. 

It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that  the  law  of  that 
day   in    all    the    States    prescribed    imprisonment   as    the 
eventual  penalty  for  the  man  who  could  not  pay  his  debts, 
and  Morris's  were  so  enormous— certainly  not  short  of  three 
millions  of  dollars— that  no  one  person  or  body  of  persons 
at  that  unhappy  season  could  well  have  assembled  enouo-h 
money  for  his  ransom.    The  disgrace  is  ours  of  a  later  time 
that  m  the  one  hundred  years  which  have  passed  since  his 
death  we  have  permitted  his  memory  to  be  obscured  by  this 
one    unfortunate    event,  know  even    his    name    so    imper- 
fectly that   it   is  unrecognizable  to    very  many  other^^d^e 
well-educated  people,   and  as  yet  have  given  it  no  place, 
80  far  as  I  am   informed,  upon  a  statue  or  other  worthy 
pubhc  monument  anywhere  in  the  republic. 
^    One  century  is  gone,  but  the  neglect  can  be  atoned  for 
in  the  coming    century,   and   should  soon    be  atoned   for 
if  we    would    be    honest    to    ourselves    and    just   to    the 
memory  of  one  of  our  greatest  benefactors.     Particularly 
18   It   incumbent   upon    Philadelphians,    since  he  was  one  ' 
of  them,  although  with  a  title  to  consideration  that  over- 
laps  one    city's  confines,  to  see  to  it  very  promptly  that 
his    important   services  are.  suitably  commemorated.     We 
can    read    his    terse    and    sprightly  writings.     We    can     I 
hope,  erect  a  monument  to  him  in  Fairmount  Park  and  it 
would  be  peculiarly  fitting  could  his  old  mansion  on  Lemon 
Hill  be  converted  into  a  memorial  to  serve  as  a  reminder 
to  the  crowds  that  unwittingly  sit  upon  its  balconies   or 
in  the    shade  of  its  walls  or  surrounding  trees  that  here 
for  long  resided  one  of  the  greatest  of  our  patriots,  a  pure- 
minded,  untiring  servant  of  the  American  republic  in  its 
crucial  years. 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Wdlson  Peak,  17 90-1825.     295 
J 


LETTEES  OF  THOMAS  JEFFEl^SON  TO  CHARLES 
WILLSON  PEALE,  179G-1825. 

BY    HORACE    W.    SELLERS. 
(Continued  from  page  154.)  :, 

MONTICELLO,  April   5tli,  1S05. 

Dear  Sir: — 

Your  8  vo.  Polygraph  arrived  at  "Washington  just  in 
time  for  me  to  bring  it  on  here,  where  I  have  used  it  and 
Btill  use  it  constantly.  Although  the  machinery  will  re- 
quire your  rectification  to  make  it  quite  a  good  one,  yet  it 
is  sufficient  to  show  that  the  reduction  of  size  is  not  only 
practicable,  but  useful  in  proportion  to  its  reduction,  for 
those  who  travel.  I  have  therefore  bestowed  some  atten- 
tion on  it,  and  being  here  amidst  my  workmen,  I  have  had 
a  model  made,  by  which  it  appears  that  for  the  sized  paper 
on  which  I  now  write  (5  by  8  in.)  the  horizontal  rhomboids 
will  work  perfectly,  and  shut  up  within  the  internal  dimen- 
sions of  11  by  7  in.  k  if  half  inch  stuff  be  sufficient  the  ex- 
ternal dimensions  will  be  12  by  8.  The  one  I  now  write 
with  is  near  15  by  11  in.  I  cannot  say  how  the  vertical 
machinery  may  answer,  but  I  see  no  difficulty  in  shorten- 
ing the  sides  of  the  rhomboids  there.  I  shall  carry  both 
this  Polygraph  and  my  model  to  ^Yashington,  &  forward 
them  thence  to  you  by  the  stage;  praying  you  instead  of 
the  one  returned,  to  make  me  one  as  near  to  my  own 
model  as  you  can. 

The  former  desk  polygraph  which  you  made  for  my  use 
at  this  place  I  shall  send  hence  by  water  to  Philadelphia, 
according  to  your  request,  to  have  the  machinery  reformed 
to  the  new  manner.     As  one  is  wanting  for  the  office  of 


296      Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Peale,  179G-1S25. 

the  President's  Secretary  I  think  to  appropriate  this  to  tlint 
purpose,  and  will  direct  Mr.  Claxton  who  lias  the  pur- 
chasing of  furniture  for  the  President's  house,  to  pay  ^ov  it. 
Of  course  the  payment  1  made  for  it  some  time  ago  may  be 
considered  as  the  price  of  tlie  new  portable  one  I  now 
desire  for  my  own  private  use. 
Accept  my  friendly  salutations. 

Thomas  Jeffersox. 


MoxTiCELLO,  April  9th,  1805. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

i^Iy  letter  of  the  5t"h  had  been  written  but  not  sent  off 
"when  I  received  yours  of  March  30th  with  the  new  penbar. 
This  finds  me  so  near  my  departure  for  Washington  that 
all  is  now  hurry.  I  have  not  time  therefore  to  change  the 
penbars  for  trying  the  Diagonal  writing,  &  I  should  not  be 
without  fear  of  deranging  the  machine,  &  losing  the  use  of 
it  wdiile  I  yet  stay  and  while  I  have  much  to  write.  I  have 
no  doubt  however  from  what  I  see  as  well  as  from  your  in- 
formation that  the  medium  sized  polygraph  (such  as  I  now 
write  with)  may  be  made  to  write  on  either  4to  or  8  vo. 
paper,  but  while  one  is  at  their  stationary  post,  the  large 
size  is  most  convenient,  &  for  traveling  the  minimum  is  all 
important.  I  adhere  therefore  to  the  model  I  shall  forward 
you  for  my  traveling  Polygraph.  I  find  no  inconvenience 
in  using  the  8  vo.  paper  in  ordinary,  and  if  one  has  to  write 
to  a  punctilious  correspondent,  who  might  consider  his  dig- 
nity implicated  in  the  size  of  the  paper  on  w^hich  he  is  ad- 
dressed, one  may  wTite  on  8  vo.  paper  on  a  4to  sheet  as  I 
do  now,  which  leaves  a  good  margin  for  dignity.  The  desk- 
polygraph  shall  be  sent  by  water.  The  one  I  now  write  on, 
with  my  model  I  will  carry  on  to  Washington  &  forward 
thence  by  the  stage.  The  new  penbar  shall  be  returned 
with  the  one  or  the  other  as  I  find  it  pack  best.  Accept 
my  friendly  salutations. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 


Thomas  Jffcrson  to  Charles  Wilhon  .Peak,  1795~1SS5.     207 

Wasuingtox,  April  20th,  1805. 
])ear  Sir: — 

According  to  mj  letter  of  the  5tli  from  Monticeilo,  I 
sent  the  desk-poljgraph  by  water  via  Tiichnioiul,  addressed 
to  you;  &  brought  with  nie  your  8  vo.  one,  &  my  model 
which  are  now  sent  to  the  stage  oifice  to  be  forwarded.  In 
niaking  one  for  me  according  to  my  model,  I  leave  to  your- 
self entirely  the  thickness  of  the  stutf,  so  that  whatever  that 
is  more  than  half  an  inch,  will  be  added  to  the  dimensions : 
and  so  indeed  is  everything  else  about  it  left  to  you,  because 
my  model  is  but  theory  and  you  have  to  decide  on  the  prac- 
ticability. As  it  is  intended  to  be  carried  backward  and 
forward  on  my  journeys  to  and  from  Monticeilo,  every  half 
inch  of  unnecessary  size  is  sensible  in  stoAving  it  away.  On 
remounting  the  Desk  Polygraph,  I  would  not  wish  the  ver- 
tical Rhomboids  to  be  lowered,  &  consequently  shortened 
in  order  to  pass  under  the  cover;  because  that  shortening 
contracts  the  sphere  of  its  action,  &  I  would  rather  use  it 
without  a  cover,  or  make  the  whole  front  of  the  cover  open 
back,  if  necessary.  It  might  seem  as  well  that  I  should 
take  at  once  the  one  you  remounted  here  for  ^Ir.  Beckley, 
but  the  drawers  etc.  of  that  are  not  as  convenient,  and  the 
openwise  cover,  which  I  have,  was  made  to  fit  that  forwarded 
to  you,  and  does  not  fit  this  one.  I  have  suspended  seek- 
ing an  opportunity  of  sending  Volney's  Polygraph  in  ex- 
pectation of  your  going.  Should  that  be  uncertain  or  at  a 
distance  be  so  good  as  to  inform  me  and  I  will  seek  some 
other  opportunity.     Accept  my  friendly  salutations. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

C.  W.  Peale,  Esq. 

Washingtok,  April  27th,  1805. 
Dear  Sir: — 

Your  favor  of  the  23rd  is  received.  I  think  the  improve- 
ment by  your  son  of  lengthening  the  pen-bar  to  the  left  is 
an  excellent  one.  By  lessening  the  breadth  of  the  rhom- 
boids or  parallels  it  lessens  the  projection  of  their  corners 
when  folded  up,  and  of  course  permits  a  shortening  of  the 


298      Thomas  Jcfcrson  to  Charles  Vullsoji  Peale^  1796-1825 

polygraph   from   east  to  west.     I  think  it  will  enable  top 
to  reduce   that  dimension   to  16  in.  in  the  clear  (bein.>-  the 
double  breadth  of  letter  paper)  and  10  in.  from  norJh  to 
south  in  the  clear,  and  sucli  a  reduction  is  really  important 
even  for  those  not  meant  to  be  carried  about.     The  one  I  arn 
writing  ^^^th,  though  a  most  excellent  one,  is  inconyenient 
from  Its  occupying  so  great  a  space  on  a  table,  to  wit  22  by  32 
in.,  when  by  the  new  improvement  17-1/2  by  21-1/2  would 
do,  which  is  but  2, 3  of  the  area.    I  think  you  will  find  on  trial 
that  2  vertical  rhomboids  of  5  in.  each  will  command  the 
Avhole  page  in  my  model,  and  shut  up  within  the  space  be- 
cause the  gallows  a.b.  being  8  in.  in  the  clear,  and  the  paper 
board  a.c.  the  same,  the  line  B.c.  is  but  8-3/4  in.  and  requires 
2  rhomboids  of  5  in.  only,  which  will  certainly  shut  up  on 
the  north  board  a.d.  because  3  five  inch  rhomboids  do  that 
in  the  model.     I  think  therefore  that  o  in.  rhomboids  will 
command  the  whole  of  the  south  board,  &  shut  up  on  the 
north  one,  but  still  this  is  theory,  while  you  will  be  con- 
trolled   by  the    law  of  practice.     I  have,  since  my  return 
thoroughly  tried  the  desk  polygraph  you  left  here;  it  does' 
not  at  all   command  the  page.     I  do  not  wonder  at  Mr. 
iieckley's  returning  it,  &  think  it  would  not  be  for  your  in- 
terest to  sell  it  till  you  have  had  it  in  your  own  ha^nds     'l 
will  therefore  have  a  box  made  for  it,  &  will  forward  it  to 
you  by  water  ^nth  the  box  of  minerals.     The  Polygraph  for 
Mr.   Vo  ney  must  be   reserved  for  some  vessel   bound  to 
Havi^e  that  it  may  get  to  Paris  by  water.     Accept  aftection- 
ate  salutations. 

,,      ^  Thomas  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

Dear  Sir:-  WASHI^-GTo^',  May  5th,  1805. 

By  Captain  Hand  who  sailed  four  days  ago  I  sent  the 
desk  polygraph  you  lefl  here,  and  the  box  of  minerals 
freight  paid  here.  In  the  former  box  is  a  book  for  Mr 
Vaugham  With  the  minerals  was  a  list  of  those  furnished 
by  Mr.  King,  but  there  were  some  sent  me  by  Captain  Lewis 


Thomas  JelTerson  to  Charles  Willson  Peak,  1796-1825,     299 

whicli  jou  ^Yill  find  described  in  tlie  inclosed  list  from  him. 
The  more  I  reflect  on  the  improvement  of  your  son  by  pro- 
jecting the  pen-bar  of  the  Polygraph  to  the  left,  the  more  I 
perceive  its  value  in  reducing  the  breadth  of  the  rhomboids 
eo  that  they  will  shut  up  in  a  box  of  exactly  double  the  size 
of  the  paper  you  mean  to  write  on,  and  I  hope  to  hear  soon 
that  you  find  from  experience  that  this  important  reduction 
of  size  may  be  made;  for  after  all,  experience  must  decide. 
A  favorable  opportunity  occurred  yesterday  of  convincing 
Mr.  Smith,  Secretary  of  the  Xavy,  of  the  utility  of  your 
Polygraph.  He  determined  immediately  to  write  to  you 
for  one  for  his  private  use  while  at  Baltimore.  Accept  my 
friendl}'  salutations  k  best  wishes. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
C.  W.  Peale,  Esq. 

Washixgtox,  June  9th,  1805. 

Dear  Sir  : — 

The  8  vo.  Polygraph  arrived  in  good  condition,  and  gives 
me  entire  satisfoction.  Your  son's  improvement  of  throw- 
ing the  pen  to  the  left  gives  me  the  command  of  the  4to  page, 
as  you  see  by  this  letter  written  with  the  8vo.  machine,  and 
when  I  have  written  down  the  i^age  as  far  as  it  commands, 
by  taking  a  reef  in  the  top,  that  is,  by  giving  the  letter  the 
first  fold  it  is  to  have  when  folded  up,  it  brings  up  the  bot- 
tom of  the  letter  within  the  command  of  the  pens.  The  desk 
Polygraph  from  Monticello  was  delayed  by  the  way  by  an 
accident.  It  went  from  Eichmond  sometime  ago  so  that 
you  have  received  it  before  now.  Pray  call  on  Mr.  Clax- 
ton  for  payment  while  in  Philadelphia,  which  he  is  in- 
structed to  answer.     Send  it  by  water  if  you  please. 

Having  determined  never  while  in  ofHce  to  accept  presents 
beyond  a  book  or  things  of  mere  trifling  value,  I  am  some- 
times placed  in  an  embarrassing  dilemma  by  persons  whom 
a  rejection  would  offend.  In  these  cases  I  resort  to  counter 
presents.  Your  polygraph,  from  its  rarity  k  utility  offers 
a  handsome  instrument  of  retribution  to  certain  characters. 
I  have  now  such  a  case  on  hand,  and  must  therefore  ask 


300      Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charks  Vmson  Peak,  179G-1S25. 

you  to  make  me  one  immediately  of  tlie  box  (not  dcsV:) 
form  but  not  larger  than  the  desk  ones  you  made  for  me, 
as  they  gave  full  command  of  the  4to  page,  and  all  beyond 
that  is  useless.  Let  it  be  of  fine  wood  and  completely  fin- 
ished and  furnished,  and  send  it  by  the  stage  if  you  think  it 
may  come  safely  by  that. 

I  omitted  to  observe  above  that  the  taking  a  reef  in  tlie 
paper  is  less  troublesome  than  the  diagonal  process. — The 
next  is  the  line  after  which  it  becomes  necessary,  conse- 
quently it  is  necessary  only  when  your  letter  extends  to  this 
part  of  the  page.     Accept  friendly  salutations. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

P.S.  As  long  as  the  port  of  Havre  is  blockaded  I  shall 
not  send  Volney's  Polygraph,  unless  by  a  Government  ves- 
sel, and  as  this  is  the  place  from  which  they  go,  I  will  ask 
the  favor  of  you  to  forward  it  there  by  water  with  the  desk 
polygraph. 

A  leaf  of  what  Wedge  wood  calls  duplicate  paper.  I 
know  not  why,  as  it  is  that  to  which  the  Style  or  Tracer  is 
immediately  applied.  It  appears  to  be  slightly  touched  with 
oil  or  wax,  being  transparent  thin,  &  a  little  yellowish. 
This  is  the  copy  retained  and  is  so  peculiar  that  it  must  be 
obtained  from  the  author.  It  is  said  to  become  unfit  for  use 
if  much  exposed  to  air. 

A  leaf  of  carbonated  paper  blacked  on  both  sides,  as  pol- 
ished &  fine  in  its  appearance  as  satin.  It  is  directed  to  be 
kept  from  the  air  when  not  in  use,  to  be  handled  delicately, 
&  probably  soon  wears  out,  either  by  the  constant  pressure 
of  the  style,  or  exhaustion  of  the  coloring  matter.  There 
come  about  10  or  12  leaves  of  this  \vith  the  apparatus. 

A  sheet  of  letter  paper,  being  the  missive  or  that  which 
is  to  be  sent.  The  directions  say  this  should  not  be  hot- 
pressed  nor  highly  sized;  but  I  find  the  hot-press  paper 
bought  here  answers  as  well  as  the  proper  paper  sent  with 
the  Stylograph. 

The  tablet  being  a  plate  of  metal  highly  polished  and 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Peak,  1796-1S25.     301 

varnished  black.     Its  use  is  to  give  firm  resistance  to  tlie 
pressure  of  the  style. 

Washixgtox,  June  lOtb,  1805. 
Dkar  Sir: — 

Your  favors  of  the  13th  k  15th  are  received.  If  I  rightly 
undei"stand  them,  you  have  in  hand  one  Polygraph  17-5,8  in. 
hy  11-5/8  in.  and  another  of  10  by  11.  both  of  ^vhich  ^vill 
write  to  the  bottom  of  a  4  to.  sheet.  The  larger  one  is  that 
which  will  suit  best  as  a  present  for  my  friend,  and  there- 
fore I  will  ask  you  to  send  on  that. 

The  smaller  one  of  16  by  11  I  observe  is  only  1-3,8  longer 
than  my  8  vo.  one  &  of  the  same  width,  fi»r  mine  is  14-5,8  by 
11.  Its  writing  to  the  bottom  of  a  4to  page  is  an  ample 
compensation  for  the  1-3/8  in.  additional  length,  because  the 
taking  a  reef  in  the  sheet  cl-  having  to  replace  the  paper  as 
must  be  done  with  mine  in  writing  a  quarto  page,  gives 
some  trouble.  If  I  liad  not  been  so  humored  by  you 
already  as  to  be  ashamed,  I  should  propose  the  receiving 
that  in  exchange  for  my  small  one,  and  paying  any  differ- 
ence which  might  compensate  the  trouble.  I  placed  a 
standing  order  at  the  stage  office  which  they  promised  to  ob- 
serve, to  charge  to  me  the  stage-portage,  going  and  coming, 
on  all  these  machines,  which  I  hope  they  do,  but  which,  as 
they  choose  to  bring  in  their  bill  but  once  a  quarter  may 
sometimes  be  unattended  to  by  them,  k  escape  my  knowl- 
edge. I  pray  you  always  to  inform  the  ofhce  there  that 
they  will  receive  their  pay  here. 

Accept  affectionate  salutations. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

Washikgtox,  July  12ih.  1805. 
Dear  Sir: — 

The  polygraphs  for  Mr.  Volney,  Commodore  Preble  and 

the  President's  Secretary  have  been  all  received   in  good 

onler  and  are  found  good.     The  portable  one  for  myself  is 

iilso  received,  and  is  approved  in  every  respect  except  y>£T- 

haps  in  one  part,  on  which  I  have  not  had  trial  enough  to 


802      Thotnas  Jefferson  to  Charles  ^YHbon  Peak,  1796-1S25. 

decide.  It  seems  to  copy  the  first  4  or  5  lines  of  tlie  paije 
with  defects  of  nearly  half  the  lines:  sometimes  however 
it  has  not  done  that.  Being  within  two  days  of  my  depart- 
ure for  Monticello  I  have  packed  it  up,  and  am  in  hopes 
that  a  little  use  of  it  there  will  bring  it  to,  or  enable  me  to 
find  some  remedy  for  the  defect.  I  enclose  you  a  draught 
of  the  U.  S.  bank  here  on  that  in  Philadelphia  for  60  dol- 
lars in  }tayinent.  Time  permits  me  only  to  add  my  friendly 
salutations  k  assurances  of  great  esteem  and  respect. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

Washington,  October  6th,  1S05. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

Your  favor  of  Sep.  14th  was  received  in  due  time,  and 
my  small  Polygraph  continuing  impracticable  for  the  first 
half  dozen  lines,  though  perfect  as  to  the  rest,  I  have 
brought  it  on  here  to  be  forwarded  to  you  for  correction. 
Its  size  is  perfect,  and  the  best  possible,  not  ha\ang  a  hair's 
breadth  too  much  or  too  little,  I  should  prefer  however 
the  double  spring  for  holding  the  paper  in  place,  as  more 
convenient.  You  wdll  also  perceive  that  one  of  the  pen 
cases  has  exfoliated  so  as  not  to  hold  the  nib  well.  I  will 
pray  you  to  make  the  writing  machinery  perfect,  that  con- 
stituting the  comfort  of  the  machine.  As  Capt.  Elwood  is 
expected  here  in  a  day  or  two,  and  is  careful,  I  will  send  it 
by  him. 

I  am  thankful  to  Mr.  Hawkins  for  being  mindful  of  me 
and  sending  me  one  of  his  port<able  polygraphs,  though  I 
doubt  the  possibility  of  making  the  whole  pen  as  convenient 
as  the  movable  point,  from  the  difficulties  of  adjusting  a 
Bcrew  to  it,  and  of  leaving  the  pens  in  the  inkholder  when  the 
machine  is  shut  up,  yet  I  adhere  to  the  scripture  maxim  of 
"proving  all  things  and  holding  fast  to  that  which  is 
good."  I  shall  therefore  be  glad  to  see  Mr.  Hawkins'  new 
contrivance. 

I  arrived  here  two  days  ago^  and  found  the  artifiles 
which  had  been  forwarded  by  Captain  Lewis.     There  is  a 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  WiUson  Peak,  170G-1S25.     303 

box  of  Miiuerals  which  he  particularly  desired  should  go  to 
tlie  Philosophical  Society.  There  are  some  articles  which  I 
shall  keep  for  an  Indian  Hall  I  am  forming  at  Monticcllo, 
c.  g.  horns,  dressed  skins,  utensils  etc.  and  I  am  now  pack- 
ing up  for  you  the  following  articles  : — 

.2  skins  of  the  white  hare 

2  skeletons  of  Do 

A  skeleton  of  the  small  or  burrowing  wolf  of  the  prai- 
ries 

A  male  k  female  Blaiveau  or  burrowing  dog  of  the  }>rai- 
ries  with  the  skeleton  of  the  female. 

13  red  fox  skins 

Skins  of  the  male  &  female  antelope  ^vith  their  skeletons 

2  skins  of  the  burrowing  squirrel  of  the  prairies 

A  living  burrowing  squirrel  of  the  prairies 

A  living  Magpie 

A  dead  one  preserved.  These  are  the  descriptive  words 
of  Capt.  Lewis : — The  Blaiveau  is  the  badger ;  it  is  the 
first  time  it  has  been  found  out  of  Europe ;  the  burrowing 
squirrel  is  a  species  of  Marmotte. 

I  have  some  doubts  whether  Capt.  Lewis  has  not  mis- 
taken the  roe  for  the  antelope,  because  I  have  received 
from  him  a  pair  of  horns  which  I  am  confident  are  of  the 
Roe  (though  I  never  before  supposed  the  animal  to  be  in 
America)  and  no  antelope  horns  came.  These  you  know 
are  hollow,  annulated  and  single.  Those  of  the  roe  are 
bony,  solid  and  branching.  I  hope  you  will  have  the 
skeletons  well  examined  to  settle  this  point.  You  will  re- 
ceive them  in  great  disorder  as  they  came  here,  having 
been  unpacked  in  several  places  on  the  road,  &  unpacked 
again  here  before  I  returned,  so  they  have  probably  gotten 
mixed.  Capt.  Carmack  who  sets  out  for  Philadelphia  3  or 
4  days  hence  will  take  charge  of  the  bag  of  skins  &  the 
marmot.  T  am  much  afraid  of  the  season  of  torpidity 
coming  on  him  before  you  get  him  ;  he  is  a  most  harmless 
&  tame  creature.  .You  will  do  well  to  watch  Capt.  Car- 
mack's  arrival  at  the  stage  office,  that  no  risks  from  curi- 


304      Thoimu  JclTerson  to  Charles  ^ymson  Peak,  1796-1835. 

ositj  may  happen  to  him  betu-een  his  arrival  &  vour  -ettin- 
him.  The  other  articles  shall  all  go  by  Capt.  Ehvoocf 
Accept  afi'ectioiiate  salutations. 

Thomas  Jeffersox. 

_  „  Washixgtox,  October  9tb,  ISOo 

Dear  Sir  : — 

Capt.  Cormac's  departure  is  deferred,  and  Capt.  Elwood 
not  yet  arrived,  of  course  I  cannot  yet  announce  to  you  the 
departure  of  any  of  the  objects  destined  for  you      By  the 
former  will  go  the  marmotte  and  a  bag  of  skins:  by  the 
latter  a  large  box  of  skins,  skeletons  and  horns  for  you   a 
small  box  of  minerals  for  the  P.   Society,  a  ca-e  with'  a 
magpie  and  a  box  with  the  Polygraph,     men  I  wrote  you 
on  the  6th  I  had   not  examined   the  box  containing  the 
skms  &  skeletons  of  the  antelope,  which  was  then  in  T  situ- 
ation  difficult  to  come   at,   and   ha^^ng  seen  no  antelope 
horns,  I  had  too  hastily  supposed  those  of  the  roe  belono-ed 
to  the  slvins  k  skeletons   called  antelopes.     On  examintno- 
these  I  found   the  bony  prominence    to    the  cranium   on 
which  the  horn  is  fixed,  &  afterwards  2  pr.  of  the  horns 
themselves.     These  sufficiently  prove  that  the  animal  is  of 
the  antelope  family  &  of  the  chamois  branch  of  it      This  is 
strengthened   by    the    dressed   sk4n    which    is   softer,    and 
stronger  in  its  texture  than  any  chamois  I  have  seen      I 
have  put  a  pair  of  horns  into  the  box  for  you.     I  have  also 
put   mto    It  a   pair  of  the  horns    of  the   unknown    ram. 
Judging  from  these  alone  I  should  suppose  the  animal  to 
be  a  variety  of  the  0ns  Ammon  of  Linna3us  the  Moufflon 
of  the  French.     The  pair  of  horns  which  I  retain  have  the 
bony  prominence  of  the  skull  left  in  thejii ;  with  this  they 
weigh   each    6-1/2    lbs.      The   new   animals   therefore   for 
which  we  are  already  indebted  to  Capt.  Lewis  are  1   the 
Ovis  Ammon,  2  the  black  tailed  deer,  3  the  Roe,  4  the 
Badger,  5  the  Marmotte,  6  the  Bed  fox  qu  ?  7  the  white 
weasel  qu  ?  8  the  Magpie,  9  the  Prairie  Hen.     This  last  did 
not  come.     I  am  told  it  resembles  the  guinea  hen.     He 


Thorjias  Jefferson  to  Charles  WilUon  Peak,  1796-1825.     305 

fj.eaks  also  of  a  burrowing  wolf,  a  brown  or  jcllow  bear,  a 
Loup-cervier,  the  skins  of  which  not  lia\'ing  come  we  know 
ijot  what  they  are.     Accept  affectionate  salutations. 

TuoMAS  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

Washington,  October  21st,  1805. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

The  day  before  yesterday  I  sent  to  Alexandria 

1.  A  large  box  containing  skins,  skeletons  k  horns. 

1  small  box  containing  the  Polygraph. 

1  Do  with  minerals  for  the  Phil.  Society  to  be  presented 
in  Capt.  Lewis's  name. 

A  cage  with  a  li\ang  magpie. 

These  were  delivered  to  Capt.  Elwood  as  you  will  see  by 
the  enclosed  receipt  and  the  freight  paid.  He  promised  he 
would  sail  yesterday  and  I  hope  you  will  receive  them  in 
good  order.  The  undressed  skins  arrived  here  full  of 
worms.     I  fear  you  will  be  puzzled  to  put  them  into  form. 

Accept  friendly  salutations. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

Washington,  Januarj'  1st,  1806. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  received  your  letter  of  November  28th  and  the  appa- 
ratus for  carrying  Mr.  Hawkins'  pen  case,  but  I  have  tried 
an  expedient  which  I  think  is  better,  that  is  to  make  the 
movable  pen  case  longer  that  it  may  receive  a  longer  nib 
and  have  more  spring.  They  hold  the  nib  as  firmly  as 
possible,  and  they  unite  the  advantages  of  your  adjusting 
screw,  and  the  being  left  in  the  ink  holder  while  the  Poly- 
graph is  shut  up ;  the  last  two  advantages  are  indispensible 
with  me.     I  send  you  a  model  of  the  case  and  of  the  nibs. 

I  think  I  sent  you  Capt.  Lewis'  original  catalogue  of  the 
articles  he  had  forwarded  to  me.  I  retained  no  copy  of  it, 
and  having  occasion  to  turn  to  it  would  thank  you  for  it. 

We  have  to  make  up  some  presents  for  Tripoli,  &  being 
desirous  to  compose  it  as  much  as  we  can  of  things  rare, 

VOL.  XXVIII.— 20 


306      Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  ^yillscn  Peak,  17  96- IS  Jo. 

the  produce  of  our  own  country,  I  propose  to  make  tlie 
Polygraph  an  article.  "We  want  three  of  thern,  one  for  t]\e 
Bey,  one  for  bis  Secretary  of  State  and  one  for  the  Ambas- 
sador here,  but  they  must  be  entirely  mounted  in  silver; 
that  is  to  say  everything  which  is  brass  in  your  ordinary 
ones,  must  be  of  silver.  Each  polygraph  should  also  be  put 
into  a  neat  strong  packing  case  with  hinges  lock  and  key, 
but  above  all  things  I  would  wish  you  not  only  to  have  every 
thing  solidly  made,  but  also  to  try  each  of  them  yourself 
and  see  that  they  write  in  perfection,  because  in  TripoH 
they  have  no  artist  who  can  put  them  to  rights.  They  are 
to  be  addressed  to  the  Secretary  of  State  here,  &  the  bills 
Bent  to  him  for  payment.  Accept  my  friendly  salutations  & 
assurances  of  great  esteem. 

Thos.  Jefferson. 

P.S.  Fix  pen  cases  like  the  one  I  send ;  a  quill  makes  2 
nibs,  or  if  large  4.  The  mahogany  inkstands  as  well  as  out 
should  be  fine,  perhaps  solid  instead  of  veneered. 

Mr.  Peale. 

^  „  WASHI^'GTOX,  June  19th,  1806. 

Dear  Sir  : — 

I  am  persuaded  I  shall  be  pleased  with  Mr.  Hawkins' 
portable  Polygraph,  because  of  its  small  size,  and  its  simpli- 
fication by  omitting  one  of  the  horizontal  parallelograms,  the 
stays  or  suspenders,  &  probably  the  vertical  parallelograms  & 
gallows,  for  I  see  no  use  for  the  last  two  if  the  suspender  be 
omitted.  The  pencases  I  shall  be  able  to  have  arranged  to 
my  mind  by  an  excellent  workman  here.  I  should  have 
better  liked  it  as  an  exchange  for  the  portable  one  I  have, 
two  being  unnecessary,  &  having  already  indulged  myself 
considerably  in  this  favorite  machine;  and  still  indeed 
having  to  call  for  one  for  a  friend  w^ho  has  sent  me  a 
present,  which  as  I  cannot  reject,  I  must  make  a  counter- 
present.  However  your  affairs  and  Mr.  Hawkins'  being  in 
no  wise  blended,  be  so  good  as  to  inform  me  of  the  price 
I  must  remit  him  for  this,  and  send  the  machine  to  me  by 
the  stage.     Inform  me  also  if  you  please,  of  the  addition 


Thomas  Jejferson  to  Charles  Wlllson  Peak,  1796-18^5.     807 

wliich  would  bo  made  to  the  price  of  tlie  one  which  1  have 
to  call  for  for  my  friend,  by  having  the  pen-arms  and  pen- 
cases  of  silver. 

Filing  away  your  letter  of  the  12th  last,  pretentcd  to  my 
view  that  of  Apr.  5th,  which  I  had  received  a  little  before 
my  departure  for  Monticello,  had  inadvertently  omitted  to 
take  vTiih.  me  for  answer,  k  therefore  has  laid  unobserved  till 
tliis  accident  brings  it  under  my  eye.  I  therefore  now  return 
you  the  drawing  it  had  covered  for  my  inspection,  and  which 
seems  to  be  admirably  done  :  and  I  add,  in  answer  to  another 
part  of  the  same  letter,  that  I  shall  cheerfully  contribute  ray 
mite  to  your  Academy  of  tine  arts  by  enclosing  you  50D. 
at  my  next  pay-day  (early  in  July)  as  I  devote  one  day  in 
every  month  to  the  expediting  k  adjusting  all  my  pecuniary 
concerns.     Accept  my  friendly  salutations  &  best  wishes. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

C.  W.  Peale,  Esq. 

Washixgtox,  June  27th,  180G. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

Yours  of  the  22nd  is  received,  and  at  the  same  time  Mr. 
Hawkins'  small  polygraph,  with  which  indeed  I  am  charmed 
on  account  of  its  small  size.  The  drawing  the  paper  up  to 
the  pen  is  a  beautiful  contrivance,  &  I  do  not  see  why  it 
might  not  be  used  in  all  the  Polygraphs  to  reduce  their  size. 
I  shall  have  the  improvement  of  screw-pencases  &c.  put  to  this 
of  Mr.  Hawkins  ;  but  I  find  your  idea  excellent  '  of  moving 
the  inkpots  nearer  to  the  paper,  by  means  of  moving  paral- 
lels, bringing  them  as  low  as  the  catch  or  lock  that  fastens 
the  paper.'  In  truth  the  dip  of  the  pen  in  Mr.  Hawkins  is 
very  uneasy  &  strains  the  machinery.  I  presume  your 
moving  parallels  for  the  inkpots  will  be  in  brass.  Can  you 
not  then  send  me  a  set  which  I  may  screw  on  here  ?  I 
should  be  very  glad  to  obtain  that  convenience. 

K  I  judge  rightly  from  your  letter,  you  can  add  Mr.  Haw- 
kins' sliding  apparatus  to  the  Polygraphs  already  made.  If 
80  I  shall  very  likely  send  you  my  small  one  from  Monti- 


308      Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Peak,  1796-1820. 

cello  to  reform.     It  will  be  near  a  month  however  before  I 
go  there.     I  salute  you  with  friendship  and  respect. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

Size  of  the  ink 
pot  in  the  small 
portable  Poly- 
graph of  Mr.  Haw- 
kins. 

Wasiiingtox,  November  22nd,  1806. 
Dear  Sir: — 

I  received  ^^our  letter  of  July  2nd  in  due  time,  and  soon 
after  that  the  apparatus  for  making  the  inkpots  in  Mr.  Haw- 
kins' polygraph  movable,  so  as  to  render  the  dip  easy,  but 
in  the  meantime  I  had  thought  of  a  contrivance  which  I  had 
executed  at  !Monticello,  and  which  a  three  months  use  has 
proved  to  be  as  perfect  as  it  is  simple.  Each  inkpot  is  set 
in  a  square  saucer  of  very  thin  brass  1/4  Inch  deep,  from  one 
corner  of  which,  (the    left  front  corner)  projects   an  ear 

through  which  and  the  wood  a  rivet  passes  thus  :      A       j 

pi-, 


when  turned  out  it  is  thus 


LJ 


a  quarter  of  a  turn  brings  the  inkpot  out  by  its  whole  diam- 
eter, which  makes  the  dip  perfectly  easy.  "When  done,  you 
push  it  back  again  and  shut  up  the  machine. 

I  formerly  troubled  you  with  the  small  polygraph  you 
made  for  me  in  order  to  get  its  parallels  rectified,  because 
from  some  cause  which  I  cannot  discover  the  half  dozen 
lines  at  the  top  of  the  copy  are  an  illegible  scribble,  while 
in  every  other  part  of  the  page  it  performs  perfectly  well. 
It  still  has  that  defect  as  you  will  perceive  by  writing  half  a 
dozen  lines  at  the  top  of  the  paper  in  a  small  light  charac- 
ter. Its  size  is  so  exactly  what  I  prefer,  that  if  I  could  get 
this  defect  removed,  I  should  value  it  more  than  anyone  I 
have  ever  tried.     But  I  apprehend  some  defect  in  the  par- 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  ^Villson  Pcalc,  1706-1825.     309 

allcls  so  radical  ns  to  admit  of  no  amendment  Init  i)y  a  ncw 
FCt,  the  expenj^e  of  which  I  will  gladly  incur,  and  therefore 
send  it  to  you  by  the  stage.  I  by  no  means  wish  to  have  a 
fliding  plate  put  into  it  on  Mr.  Hawkins'  plan;  because 
where  the  size  is  such  as  to  permit  a  con:imand  of  the  whole 
page,  it  is  much  better  as  this  is.  I  shall  also  be  glad  to 
have  silver  penarms  and  pen  cases  put  to  it,  but  with  the 
adjusting  screw  without  which  all  these  instruments  are  use- 
less to  me.  I  was  obliged  to  have  them  put  to  the  small 
polygraph  which  Mr.  Hawkins  sent  me,  and  with  which 
this  letter  is  written.  As  soon  as  you  shall  at  your  own 
convenience  have  rectified  this  machine,  be  so  good  as  to 
return  it  by  the  stage  with  the  cost  of  alteration  and  it  shall 
be  remitted. 

I  have  a  shade  in  profile  of  a  very  dear  friend  deceased 
(Judge  Dyke)  whose  portrait  was  never  taken.  It  is  a  com- 
plete whole  length  of  about  6  or  8  in.  length.  Does  your  art 
afford  any  means  of  copying  it  exactly  and  at  the  same  time 
giving  it  such  tints,  by  Indian  ink  or  otherwise  as  would 
make  it  more  worthy  of  preservation.  My  idea  is  that  per- 
haps it  could  be  made  to  wear  the  appearance  of  a  print, 
exhibiting  like  that  the  muscles,  features  etc.,  but  perhaps 
that  could  not  be  done  by  guess  so  as  to  preserve  the  resem- 
blance. 

Accept  my  friendly  salutations  and  assurances  of  great 

esteem. 

Thomas  Jeffebson. 

Washington,  December  21st,  1806. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  have  safely  received  my  Polygraph,  ^vith  which  I  am 
now  writing,  and  find  it  to  answer  well  everywhere  except 
a  small  place  in  the  X.  AY.  corner,  w^hich  is  of  little  con- 
sequence. In  fact  none  of  them  probably  can  be  perfect  in 
every  point  of  the  whole  field  which  their  dimensions  can 
cover.  I  now^  enclose  you  the  lOD.  for  the  silver  pens,  k 
am  sorry  you  did  not  enable  me  to  judge  of  the  cost  of  the 
new  machinery  &  other  trouble,  which  I  meant  always  & 


310      Thomas  Jcf.rson  to  Charles  WiUson  Peale,  170G-1S25. 

unshed  to  pay      K  you  will  do  this  in  your  next  letter  it 
shall  be  immediately  remitted,  together  with  whatever  i, 
due  for  the  profile  of  my  friend  Mr.  Dythe.     Altho'  shewin.. 
rather  too  tleshy  a  foce,  yet  it  is  well  like  him,  Sc  far  more 
valuable  than  the  black  original.     I  do  not  wonder  at  vou 
not  making  money   by  the   Polygraphs  when  you   d^  so 
much  about  them  for  nothing.     I  expect  Capt.  i.e^^'is  here 
today  or  tomorrow.     I  presume  that  after  a  while  he  will 
go  on  to  Philadelphia  and  carry  some  of  his  new  acquisi- 
tions     Having  proposed  to  Congress  the  subject  of  a  Xn- 
tional  University,  should  they  come  into  it  it  will  be  no 
small  part  of  the  gratification  I  shall  receive  trom  it  tha^ 
the  means  will  be  furnished  of  making   your    Museum  \a 
national  establishment.     Accept  my  friendly  salutations  & 
assurances  of  great  esteem. 

Mr.  Peale.  ^'''''-  Jeffersox. 

Dear   Sir  :—  Washixgtox,  February  ]2th,  1807. 

Nothing  would  be  wanting  to  fill  up  the  measure  of  dis- 
satisfaction with  my  present  situation,  but  to  see  my  friends 
adopt  a  stile  of  formality  &  distance  towards  me      Be  as 
sured  that  your  communications  are  always  welcome   &  the 
more   so   when  the    most   frank.     I  shall  make  a  proper 
use  of  that  in  your  letter  received  last  night.     I  will  thank 
you  to  procure  for  me  a  pair  of  the  inkholders  of  .3/4  in' 
square   and  another  of  those  1  inch  square  which  you  are 
so  kind  as  to  mention  as  now  to  be  had  in  Philadelphia 
and  note    their  cost,  which  I  will  find  the  means  of  re- 
placing     I  presume  Capt.  Lewis  will  leave  this  about  the 
close   of  the    session    of   Congress.      Accept    mv    friendly 
salutations  and  assurances  of  great  esteem  and  respect. 

-.,      -r,  Thos.  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

Dear  Sir  •— -  Washixgtok,  March  29th,  1807. 

Your  favor  of  the  12th  is  duly  received,  and  I  have  no 
doubt   the    Idea  you   suggest  is  perfectly  sound   that  the 


Thomas  Jrferson  io  Charles  WiUsoii  Peak,  1796-1S25,     311 

glasses  of  spectacles  should  perfectly  accord  with  one 
another.  The  surfaces  of  every  lens  for  a  spectacle  should 
be  a  portion  of  that  of  a  sphere,  and  not  only  should  the 
two  convexities  correspond  in  position,  but  also  with  the 
lines  of  vision  from  the  two  eyes.  My  improvements  in 
epectacles  have  been  trifling,  being  contined  merely  to  size 
and  form.  I  have  adopted  Dr.  Franklin's  plan  of  half 
glasses  of  diilerent  focal  distances  with  great  advantage.  1 
Bhall  leave  this  place  within  a  week  for  Monticello.  Cap- 
tain Lewis  will  set  out  about  the  same  time  for  Philadelphia. 
By  him  I  will  send  the  small  reimbursement  of  §2.05  for 
the  inkliolders.     Accept  aflectionate  salutations. 

Tiios.  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

Monticello,  Sept.  24th,  1807. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  am  to  return  you  a  thousand  k  a  thousand  thanks  for 
your  letter  of  Aug.  30th  k  particularly  ycur  kind  ofter  to 
receive  my  grandson  into  your  family.  I  consider  him  as 
thereby  placed  in  the  best  school  of  morality  &  good  habits 
which  could  have  been  found  for  him,  &  secured  against  the 
only  fears  we  entertained  for  him  in  your  city.  On  the 
subject  of  his  habits  &  dispositions,  they  are  exactly  what 
you  would  wnsh,  and  as  to  wine,  which  you  particularly 
mention,  he  never  sees  a  drop  but  on  the  Sundays  on  which 
he  visits  me.  It  was  much  the  wish  both  ot  Mr.  Randolph 
k  myself  that  he  should  have  gone  to  Philadelphia  this 
autumn,  k  it  had  been  decided  on,  but  Mr.  Ogilvie  his  pres- 
ent tutor  has  been  so  earnest  in  his  entreaties  to  keep  him 
another  year  that  it  has  been  consented  to,  in  the  expectation 
that  he  will  in  the  course  of  it,  so  improve  his  foundation 
in  Latin  k  French  (which  are  not  sufficient)  tlvat  he  vdW  be 
able  to  profit  more  then  of  the  advantages  offered  by  Phila- 
delphia. I  enclose  you  the  letter  of  Mr.  Ogilvie  which  over- 
came our  wishes,  as  it  may  strengthen  the  assurances  which 
I  had  given  as  to  the  dispositions  of  my  grandson.  Have 
you  heard  of   the   newly  invented   Stylograph  ?     I  know 


312      Thomas  Jqfcrson  to  Charles  ^Villson  Peak,  l796-lS2o. 

nothing  of  it  but  what  is  contained  in  the  indosed  paper, 
which  I  will  thank  you  to  return  nie.  A  friend  has  been  so 
kind  as  to  send  me  one  of  the  machines  which  I  have  not 
yet  seen,  but  shall  meet  it  at  Washington  on  the  3rd  prox. 
I  thank  you  for  dressing  the  Argali  head  for  me.  I  have 
not  yet  received  it,  but  may  expect  it  soon.  I  salute  you 
with  great  friendship  and  respect. 

Tnos.  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

Washixgtox,  October  5th,  1807. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  received  last  night  yours  of  the  2nd.  On  my  arrival 
here  on  the  3rd  I  found  the  Stylograph  with  which  I  now 
^vrite.  You  have  rightly  conjectured  its  principle.  The 
impression  both  on  the  missive  &  copy  retained  is  from  a 
paper  blacked  on  both  sides,  perhaps  with  coal,  as  they  call 
it  carbonated  paper.  The  niethod  is  so  new  to  me  that  I 
am  as  yet  awkward  with  it.  It  is  not  pleasant  in  its  use, 
and  I  think  \y\\\  not  take  the  place  of  the  Polygraph. 
Where  I  w\int  but  one  copy,  which  is  99  times  in  an  hundred, 
I  shall  use  the  Polygraph,  and  reserve  the  Stylograph  for 
cases  where  more  than  one  copy  is  w^anting,  tho  I  have  not 
jet  tried  it  in  that  way.  The  style  I  now  write  with  is  of 
glass  brought  to  a  point  like  a  pencil.  I  enclose  you  de- 
scriptions of  the  apparatus,  &  put  together  on  leaves  in  the 
order  arranged  when  used.  I  send  you  also  a  specimen  of 
the  duplicate  paper  &  of  the  copy  it  retains. 

I  salute  you  with  great  and  affectionate  esteem. 

Thos.  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

Written  with  the  Stylograph. 

Washi>-gtox,  November  5th,  1807. 

Dear  Sir  : — 

I  have  received  from  Captain  Pike  two  cubs  of  the  Grisly 
bear  taken  on  the  Rio  Bravo.  They  were  taken  when  too 
young  to  eat  without  being  fed,  have  been  ever  since  with 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Fealc,  170G~1S25.     313 

tlic  men  on  tlicir  journey,  generally  ut  large  in  their  cani}^ 
and  perfectly  gentle.  They  are  now  in  a  cage  and  af;j)car 
quite  good  humored.  They  are  male  and  lemale.  They 
would  certaiidy  he  more  in  the  \vay  of  extending  informa- 
tion if  exhibited  in  your  ^fuseum  to  its  numerous  N-isitors. 
If  they  would  be  acceptable  to  you  I  would  send  them  on 
by  the  first  yesscl.  Capt.  Hand  is  either  here  now  or  hourly 
expected,  so  that  if  you  could  determine  me  by  the  return 
of  post,  afiirmatiyely,  they  might  go  in  his  yessel.  They 
are  fed  almost  entirely  on  Indian  bread.  Further  trial  of 
the  Stylograph  conduces  me  it  can  neyer  take  the  place  of 
the  Polygraph  but  with  travelers,  as  it  is  so  much  more 
portable.  The  fetid  smell  of  the  copying  paper  would 
render  a  room  pestiferous  if  filled  with  presses  of  such 
papers.     I  salute  you  affectionately. 

Tnos.  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

Washixgtox,  January  6th,  1808. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

The  bears  went  from  this  place  in  good  health  about  a 
fortnight  ago,  and  I  hope  are  with  you  by  this  time.  This 
is  the  first  moment  I  have  had  as  much  leisure  as  to  notify 
you  of  it.  They  were  in  a  cage  which  they  had  out-grown, 
&  8ufi:ered  a  little  for  it.  I  had  them  in  larger  quarters  till 
their  departure.  They  are  perfectly  gentle  knowing  no 
other  benefactor  than  man  from  the  time  of  their  birth.  I 
salute  you  with  great  friendship, 

Thos.  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

Washington,  February  6th,  1808. 
-Dear  Sir: — 

I  enclose  you  Capt.  Pike's  account  of  the  two  bears.     I 

put  them  together  while  here  in  a  place  10  f.  square.     For 

the  first  day  they   worried  one   another  very  much  with 

play,  but  after  that  they  played  at  times  but  were  extremely 

happy  together.     "When  separated  &  put  into  their  small 

cage  again,  one  became  almost  furious,  indeed  one  is  much 

Grosser  than  the  other,  but  I  do  not  think  they  have  any 


314      Thomas  Jefferson  to  CharltS  WJIson  Peak,  1796-1S35. 

idea  of  hurting  any  one.     They  know  no  henefactor  but 
man.     I  salute  you  with  aliection  k  respect. 

Tiios.  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

MoxTiCELLO,  August  24th,  1808. 
Dear  Sir: — 

It  was  the  wish  of  Mr.  Randolph  and  myself  the  last 
summer  to  send  his  son  T.  Jefferson  Randolph  to  Philadel- 
phia to  attend  lectures  in  those  branches  of  science  which 
cannot  be  so  advantageously  taught  anywhere  else  in 
America.  These  are  Natural  History  with  the  advanta<:re 
of  your  Museum,  botany  aided  by  Mr.  Hamilton's  Garden, 
and  Anatomy  with  the  benefit  of  actual  dissections.  ^Ve 
did  not  propose  he  should  stay  to  learn  there  what  can  be 
as  well  learnt  in  other  places,  because  we  do  not  suppose 
city-habits  are  those  which  make  people  either  the  happiest 
or  most  useful  who  are  to  live  in  the  country.  We  mean 
therefore  that  he  shall  pass  but  one  season  there.  I  wrote 
on  this  subject  to  Doctors  Wistar  &  Barton,  and  from  the 
former  I  learned  that  you  would  be  so  kind  as  to  take  Jef- 
ferson as  a  boarder  in  your  family,  which  you  afterwards 
confirmed  to  me  yourself  in  a  letter.  But  we  were  con- 
strained to  defer  our  purpose  a  year,  by  the  earnest  solicita- 
tions of  Mr.  Ogih-ie,  his  tutor,  Ty-ho  was  anxious  in  the  ex- 
treme to  keep  him  another  year.  I  now  propose  to  carry 
him  on  ^\^th  me  the  first  of  October  to  Washington,  from 
thence  he  ^vill  go  on  to  Philadelphia,  in  the  hope  that  he 
will  find  you  still  in  the  friendly  disposition  to  receive  him. 
Certainly  in  your  house  I  shall  consider  him  as  safe  mor- 
ally &  physically  as  in  the  house  of  hia  own  father;  and  I 
believe  I  can  answer  to  you  for  regular  orderly  k  docile 
conduct  on  his  part.  His  character  &  dispositions  I  will 
pray  you  to  ask  from  Mr.  Ogilvie  his  late  tutor  who  either 
is  or  soon  will  be  with  you  to  make  some  stay,  as  he  has 
had  better  opportunities  than  myself  of  knowing  his  char- 
acter intimately.  My  wish  will  be  that  he  shall  be  solely 
occupied  with  his  studies,  not  that  he  should  be  at  all  im- 
mersed  in    the  society,  &  still  less  in  the  amusements    k 


Thomas  Jffferson  to  Charles  Willson  Ptale,  1706~1S25.     315 

other  abstractions  of  the  place.  He  is  still  of  the  a-^e 
(about  15)  accustomed  to  restraint,  k  being  extremely  e:oo(l 
humored,  is  quite  pliant  to  advice.  IIa\ang  been  at  home 
3  or  4  montlis  I  have  feared  he  was  becoming  less  eao-er  in 
study  than  he  had  been,  and  acquiring  a  disposition  to  in- 
dolence. I  hope  this  will  be  quickly  overcome  by  the  in- 
teresting views  of  science  which  will  be  presented  to  his 
mind.  I  trouble  you  ^^-ith  this  detail  at  present  in  order  to 
renew  the  expressions  of  my  wishes  that  you  may  still  find 
it  convenient  to  receive  him,  and  that  he  might  not  come 
upon  you  unexpectedly,  k  without  time  to  notify  me,  if  any 
circumstance,  for  our  misfortune,  should  have  rendered  it 
less  convenient  for  you  now  than  it  would  have  been  the 
last  year.  In  this  case  great  as  my  regret  would  be,  I 
would  certainly  not  propose  to  encroach  on  your  conven- 
ience.    I  salute  you  with  constant  attachment  k  respect. 

Tnos.  Jeffersox. 
Mr.  Peale. 

Washixgtox,  October  12th,  1808. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

My  grandson,  Thos.  Jefferson  Randolph  is  now  here,  and 
will  leave  this  place  so  as  to  be  in  Philadelphia  on  Tuesday 
the  18th.  He  will  immediately  repair  to  the  quarters  you 
are  so  kiud  as  to  offer  him.  I  have  arranged  with  his  father 
to  supply  all  his  expenses,  except  for  clothes  and  pocket 
money.  These  were  excepted  merely  because,  although  I 
have  entire  confidence  in  his  prudence  and  governableness, 
yet  iu  case  the  temptations  of  the  place  should  get  the  bet- 
ter of  his  resolution,  I  thought  he  would  more  readily  ac- 
quiesce in  the  restraints  dictated  by  a  father.  I  take  the 
liberty  therefore  of  enclosing  you  a  draught  on  the  bank  of 
the  U.  S.  for  lOOD.  as  a  deposit  for  his  expenses,  which  I 
hope  you  will  be  so  good  as  to  dispense  for  him.  He  is  to 
attend  immediately  the  lectures  in  Anatomy,  Xatural  His- 
tory k  Surgery.  The  ticket  for  the  1st  is  20D,  for  the  2nd 
§12.00,  &  the  3rd  lOD,  in  all  42D,  and  he  ^y\\\  have  imme- 
diate occasion  to  buy  Bell's  Anatomy,  which  will  perhaps 
cost  12  or  15D.     I  will  take  care  to  renew  his  fund  the  first 


316      Thomas  Jefcrson  to  Charles  W':Uso}i  Pcair,  179G-1S25. 

week  of  every  month  regularly.  He  vn\\  commence  with  tlie 
Professor  of  Botany  in  April.  AYe  propose  him  to  ilnish 
with  that  so  that  he  will  stay  with  you  only  to  the  last  of 
June.  I  very  much  tlatter  myself  you  will  find  liim  a  hope- 
ful and  amiable  subject. 

I  sliall  certainly  be  glad  to  avail  myself  of  your  improve- 
ment in  the  pen  bar  of  the  polygraph,  but  I  cannot  spare 
mine  till  I  leave  this  in  March.  I  will  then  send  it  to  you, 
&  the  rather  as  it  will  not  copy  at  all  the  upper  half  dozen 
lines  of  the  page.  I  am  obliged  to  begin  by  placing  my 
paper  half  way  down.  Perhaps  you  may  be  able  to  help 
this.  I  find  the  Stylograph  useful  on  the  road,  because  it 
takes  no  more  room  than  an  8  vo.  pamphlet ;  but  entirely 
inconvenient  and  disagreeable  for  the  general  use  of  the 
Study.     I  salute  you  with  afiectionate  respect. 

Tnos.  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

November  15th,  1808. 

Dear  Sir  : — 

Your  favor  of  the  14th  received.  The  circumstance 
which  has  guided  us  in  fixing  on  the  subjects  of  study  for 
our  grandson  has  been  the  exclusive  possession  of  Philadel- 
phia of  your  Museum,  the  anatomical  dissections,  &  Mr. 
Hamilton's  garden,  and  the  surgical  operations  at  the  hos- 
pital. I  thought  these  would  fill  up  his  whole  time ;  but  as 
it  is  thought  they  will  leave  him  time  to  attend  the  chemi- 
cal lectures  also  I  would  have  him  do  it.  It  is  not  the  ex- 
pense of  money  but  of  time  I  attend  to,  as  he  has  but  one 
season  to  stay  in  Philadelphia.  I  press  him  much  after 
hearing  a  lecture  to  commit  it  to  writing  in  substance.  I 
deprecate  his  getting  into  company  lest  this  should  be  neg- 
lected. The  less  he  goes  out  the  better.  Since  you  are  so 
kind  as  to  propose  to  send  me  a  polygraph  to  use,  that  I 
may  forward  mine  to  you,  I  will  thankfully  accept  of  it. 
Mine  is  become  so  troublesome  and  unmanageable  that  I 
am  at  times  almost  tempted  to  throw  it  by.  I  send  you  the 
copy  made  of  this  letter  by  which  you  may  judge.  To 
write  the  first  line  legibly  requires  a  change  of  point  to  3/4 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Feale,  179G-lS;2o.     317 

of  an  incli  in  one  of  tlic  pens,  and  in  every  line  it  is  re- 
quired to  touch  the  adjusting  screw  two  or  tliree  times  to 
copy  the  whole  line  legibly.  You  will  be  so  good  as  to  put 
to  it  the  improvement  in  the  pen  arm  wliich  you  mentioned 
if  on  longer  experience  you  have  found  it  best.  Mr,  Gil- 
pin's improvement  would  not  be  of  avail  to  me.  I  congrat- 
ulate you  on  the  return  of  your  son,  and  doubt  not  his 
improvements  to  have  been  satisfactory  to  you  as  well  as 
liimself.     I  salute  you  with  esteem. 

Thos.  Jeffersox. 

Wasuingtox,  January  15th,  1809. 

Dear  Sir  : — 

I  take  up  my  pen  to  inform  you  that  the  box  witli  the 
vase  &  bridle  bit  arrived  safely  last  night,  k  to  save  the 
trouble  of  the  search  you  propose  to  make  in  yours  of  the 
10th  you  therein  say  that  '  when  ray  Polygraph  is  done  you 
shall  leave  it  to  my  choice  to  take  either  one  or  the  other.' 
Tliis,  my  dear  Sir,  will  be  putting  my  delicacy  to  severe 
trial.  I  find  the  one  I  am  now  writing  with,  in  size,  in 
accommodations,  &  in  goodness,  everything  I  could  wish. 
About  to  retire  to  a  situation  where  I  shall  have  no  chance 
of  getting  one  rectified  which  gets  amiss,  it  is  all  imxportant 
to  have  a  sound  one.  The  use  of  the  polygraph  has  spoiled 
me  for  the  old  copying-press,  the  copies  of  which  are  hardly 
ever  legible,  and  as  to  the  Stylograph,  besides  the  disagrce- 
ableness  of  writing  with  a  hard  point  on  a  hard  surface,  the 
smell  of  the  paper  is  so  fetid,  that  one  could  not  stay  in  a 
room  where  there  was  much  of  it.  I  could  not  now  there- 
fore, live  without  the  Polygraph.  In  such  a  situation  noth- 
ing could  withhold  my  preference  of  the  one  I  am  now 
writing  with,  but  the  apprehension  that  you  had  a  personal 
attachment  to  it  to  which  no  difference  of  price  for  repairs 
or  alterations  &c  would  be  equivalent,  to  such  a  considera- 
tion certainly  everything  on  my  part  would  j-ield  at  once. 
I  have  lately  seen  Molina's  account  of  Chih,  in  which,  cor- 
recting Buflbn's  classification  of  the  wooly  animals,  he 
speaks  of  one,  the  Chilihueco,  or  Chili  Sheep,  which  may 


318     Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Feale,  17'JG-lS2o. 

possibly  be  the  same  witb  the  fleecy  goat  of  Gov.  Lewis. 
I  salute  you  Avith  atTection  &  respect. 

Tnos.  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

WAsniXGTOX,  March  10th,  1S09. 

My  Dear  Sir  :— 

Being  just  on  the  eve  of  my  departure  for  Monticello  I 
must  write  you  a  short  letter  returning  you  a  thousand 
thanks  for  the  portrait  of  my  grandson,  which  is  indeed 
inimitably  done.  I  do  not  know  whether  age  impairs  tlie 
faculties  of  your  art,  but  I  am  sure  it  would  do  honor  to 
any  period  of  life.  It  will  be  a  treasure  to  his  parents,  and 
not  less  so  to  me.  As  he  wished  to  see  them  &  had  a 
month  to  spare,  he  sat  out  two  or  three  days  ago  for  Monti- 
cello;  and  will  be  with  you  again  before  the  commence- 
ment of  the  botanical  lectures.  I  now  enclose  you  au  order 
of  the  bank  of  the  U.  S.  here  on  that  at  Philadelphia  for 
an  hundred  &  fifty  dollars,  which  I  imagine  will  carry 
him  through  that  course  of  lecture,  when  he  will  return 
home.  I  believe  you  never  ramble  for  the  purposes  of  look- 
ing out  subjects  for  your  Museum.  Were  a  ramble  to  lead 
you  to  Monticello,  we  should  all  receive  you  with  open 
arms  &  hearts.  God  bless  you  &  give  you  many  &  happy 
years. 

Thos.  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

Monticello,  May  5th,  1809. 
Dear  Sir: — 

Tour  favor  of  April  3rd  came  to  hand  on  the  28rd  of 
April.  I  have  no  doubt  that  the  marked  differences  be- 
tween the  elephant  &  our  colossal  animal  entitle  him 
to  a  distinct  appellation.  One  of  those  "difierences,  &  a 
striking  one,  is  in  the  protuberances  on  the  grinding  surface 
of  the  teeth,  somewhat  in  the  shape  of  the  mamma  mastos, 
or  breast  of  a  woman,  which  has  induced  Cuvier  to  call  it 
the  Mastodonte,  or  bubby-toothed;  which  name  perhaps 
may  be  as  good  as  any  other,  &  worthy  of  adoption,  as  it  is 
more  important  that  all  should  agree  in  giving  the  same 
name  to  the  same  thing,  than  that  it  should  be  the  very 


Thomas  Jcferson  to  Charh'S  Wilh::-  F^-:l^,  1796-iSjS.     319 

Lest  which  might  be  given.  I  aiv.  :;:raiJ  we  shall  lose  Mr. 
lieinbrandt  Peale  as  we  have  !■.  s:  ill  our  groa:  painters 
because  we  are  not  ricli  enough  to  liJ  against  otLr.  nations 
for  their  services.  I  have  comnriiv-ouied  to  my  grandson 
our  consent  to  his  attending  Mr.  Gcaou's  lectures  :-  miner- 
alogy till  the  botanical  course  evids.  after  which  he  is  to 
return  home.  I  am  totally  occur-id  vrithout  dL';'^^.  .t  en- 
jo^nng  a  species  of  happiness  I  ncver  before  kne-.v.  that  of 
doing  whatever  hits  the  humor  ci  the  moment  withoitt 
responsibility  or  injury  to  any  one.  Letter  writii.g  having 
ceased  to  be  a  business,  is  very  much  neglected,  and  the 
exercises  of  the  farm  &  garden  engross  nearly  my  whole 
time.     I  salute  you  wdth  constant  Lidection  k  respect. 

Thos.  Jefferson. 

AIr.  Peale. 

Mo-TicrLLO,  August  2:-ni.  1S09. 

Dear  Sir: — 

I  have  been  for  sometime  endeavoring  to  procure  bills  of 
some  bank  in  Pl\iladelphia  to  enable  me  to  remit  you  the 
balance  of  §49.  5-1/2  due  you  on  account  of  my  grandson. 
Finding  there  is  little  hope  of  this.  I  have  this  day  enclosed 
to  my  friend  Mr.  Barnes  of  Georgetown,  bills  of  that  place, 
and  prayed  him  to  exchange  them  for  a  draught  of  the 
Washington  bank  on  that  of  the  U.  S.  at  Philadelphia  in 
your  favor,  which  you  wall  probably  receive  a  day  or  two 
after  the  receipt  of  this.  I  have  now  to  thank  you  for  all 
your  kindnesses  and  those  of  your  family  to  my  grandson ; 
and  at  the  same  time  to  convey  to  you  the  exi-ressions  ot 
his  gratitude  and  affectionate  remembrance.  He  speaks  of 
yourself,  Mrs.  Peale  &  the  family  always  as  of  his  own 
parents  &  family.  He  waits  until  the  frosts  set  in  to  go  into 
our  lower  country  to  commence  his  course  of  Mathematics 
&  Natural  Philosophy.  I  cannot  describe- to  you  the  hope 
&  comfort  I  derive  from  his  good  dispositions  i'  understand- 
ing.    Ever  affectionately  yours, 

Thos.  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

(To  be  contiuutxi.) 


320    Marriage  IJcemcs  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland^  1771^-1815. 


MARRIAGE  LICENSES  OF  CAROLINE  COUNTY,  :^LiRY 
LAND,  1T74-1S15. 

CONTRIBUTED    BV    HENRY  DOWNES   CRANOR. 

(Continued  from  page  215.) 

1779. 

January  11.  Xicliolas  Stubbs  and  Keziab  Busick. 

18.  Benjamin  Faulker  and  Eliz^  Xarvell. 

19,  Isaac  Nicols  and  Mary  Dean. 
February    1.  Jobn  Barnes  and  Sarah  Chance. 

3.  Allen  Thomas  and  Ehoda  Thomas. 

5.  Benjamin  M°Kees  and  Sarah  Slaughter. 

6.  William  Ilandley  and  Deborah  Harney. 
9.  AVilliam  Frazier  and  ITenrietta  Johnson. 

15.  Edward  Pritchett  and  Priscilla  Minner. 

18.  James  Gray  and  Ehoda  Dean. 

19.  Thomas  Orrell  and  Eliz»  Rumbley. 
22.  Wm.  NTemar  Jr.  and  Sarah  Walker. 
22.  William  Walker  Jr.  and  Mary  Thomas. 
27.  James  Cochlin  and  Eliz*  Thompson. 

March    2.  Levin  Parkinson  and  Rachel  Ferriss. 
12.  Benjamin  Haynes  and  Sarah  Permarr. 
15.  Sol.  Cahall  and  Rachel  Jones. 
April  10.  John  Valliant  Jr.  and  Eliza  Lov^Tey. 
14.  Charles  Walker  and  Sussanna  Price. 

14.  John  Clemments  and  Rebekah  Rogers. 
19.  Wm.  AValker  and  Eliz^  Green. 

May  17.  Xathan  Manship  and  Eleanora  Andrews. 

31.  John  Barrwick  and  Rachel  Webber. 

June    3.  Robt.  Thomas  and  Eleanor  Alford. 

3.  Robert  Wilson  and  Eliz*  Pritchett. 

7.  Mark  Andrews  and  Ann  Manning. 

15.  Thomas  Chance  and  Marv  Richardson. 


Mmriage  Licenses  of  Giroliiie  Co.,  Maryland,  177^-1815.     321 

June  ]5.  Thomas  Chnnce  and  Rebecca  Price. 

15.  Nioliolas  Harrison  and  Margaret  Graham. 
29.  Tho'  Marine  and  Tamsey  Noble. 

July    9.  John  Fields  and  Esther  Meekins. 

12.  James  Bell  and  Marg'  AVilloughby. 

13.  Levi  Plummer  and  Margaret  Pnrnell. 

21.  John  Ervine  and  Mary  ^Vadman. 
August    6.  John  Carter  and  Lydia  Ilubbert. 

8.  William  Gall  and  Mary  Scott. 
11.  Jcoftrey  Ilorney  and  Lncretia  Scott. 

18.  John  Wootters  and  Eliz*  All. 

23.  Daniel  Crowem  Jr.  and  Pachel  Adams. 
25.  Uriah  Mathews  and  Polly  Lee. 
September    7.  Tilghman  Blades  and  Ann  Lawfull. 

16.  Vincent  Lowe  Price  and  Eliz*  Garey. 

19.  William  Anthony  and  Eliz*  Iladdaway. 

20.  Abram  E^-itt  and  Mary  Stevens. 

29.  Nicholas  Price  and  Frances  Harris. 
October  15.  James  Baggs  and  Nancy  Mason. 

16.  John  Nucomb  and  Mary  Swift. 

November     2.  Rob'  Pwym  and  Margaret  Reynolds. 

2.  James  Hobbs  and  Rachel  Reynolds. 

5.  Michael  Smith  and  Elizabeth  Harris. 

18.  John  Baker  and  Sarah  Broadaway. 

22.  Rich*^  Lockerman  and  Ann  Wood. 
December    3.  William  Perry  and  Elizabeth  Porter. 

10.  William  Elliott  and  Sarah  Robinson. 
10.  Parish  Garner  and  Ann  Elliott. 
20.  Samuel  Douglass  and  Mary  Nevens. 
28.  Henry  Powell  and  Dorothy  Holland. 

30.  Nath'  Cooper  and  Nancy  Needels. 

31.  Levin  Noble  and  Ann  Ward. 
31.  Roger  Scully  and  Rachel  Harris. 

1780. 

January    8.  Hynson  Glanding  and  Mary  Gannon. 
10.  David  Richards  and  Tamsey  Eaton. 
VOL.  XXVIII. — 21 


322    Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Mari/land,  177'4~JSlo. 

Joseph  Purdan  and  Elizabeth  Dickinson. 
Greenberry  Mathews  and  Ann  Montioue. 
"William  Love  and  Elizabeth  Parratt. 
James  Camper  and  Sarah  Batcheldor. 
AVilliani  Talboy  and  Elizabeth  Scott. 
Charles  Scoudrick  and  Rebekah  Wright. 
John  Robinson  and  Elizabeth  Thorman. 
James  Black  Jr.  and  Tacy  Okllield. 
Samuel  Casson  and  Rebekah  Worrell. 
Nicholas  Bright  and  Ann  Anthony, 
John  Harrison  and  Elizabeth  Seth. 
Omderton  Blades  and  Sarah  Bowdle. 
Nicholas  Dyall  and  Mary  Dean. 
Thomas  Leverton  and  Lydia  Calston. 
Isaac  Parlett  and  Jane  Hamilton. 
5.  Joseph  Stack  and  Elizabeth  Banning. 
William  Fisher  and  Susannah  Webster. 
Thomas  Banning  and  Mary  White. 
27.  Jesse  Vinson  and  Sarah  Meredith. 
June  21.  Roger  Fountain  and  ^lary  Eaton. 
July  17.  Mathew  Derochbonne  and  Sarah  Wootters. 
19.  Richard  Lyden  and  Martha  Hooper. 
August    8.  Thomas  Mathews  and  Mary  Ann  Jackson, 
9.  Massey  Fountain  and  Henrietta  Hicks. 
19.  Timothy  Lane  Price  and  Sarah  Parratt. 
31.  Philemon  Downes  and  Elizabeth  Tillotson. 
31.  Thomas  Smith  and  Nancy  White. 
September    2.  William  Jackson  and  Tryphenia  Garrett. 
4.  Hezekiah  Talmon  and  Ann  Story. 

11.  John  Smith  and  Elonor  Anthony. 

12.  Arthur  Clark  and  Mary  Farrowfield. 

22.  Abner  Clemraons  and  Margaret  Morgan. 
27.  Nathan  Gladston  and  Ann  Hobbs. 
October  17.  Henry  ]\Lartindale  and  Nancy  Nicols. 

George  Euberts  and  Rebecca  Herrington. 

James  Eubanks  and  Margt.  Herrington. 

Abel  Chilton  and  Mary  Swann. 


January  15. 

19. 

•"ebruary 

2. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

12. 

20. 

21. 

!March 

8. 

28. 

29. 

29. 

April 

5. 

20. 

May 

9. 

Mmriage  Licenses  of  CnroUnc  Co.,  Maryland,  1774.-1S15.    323 

October  18.  Thomas  Hall  and  jSTaomi  Ilammoiul. 
John  Corn  and  Tanisey  Rowin, 
19.  Harrison  Monticue  and  Xanej  Leniarr. 
John  Spurrey  and  Elizabeth  Everett. 
James  Fountain  and  Elenor  Bell. 

27.  Kichard  ^"arner  and  Mary  Jones. 

28.  Solomon  Carter  and  Rhoda  Webster. 
George  Morgan  and  Africa  Towers. 

November     9.  Job  Garrett  and  Prisciha  Ilignett. 

13.  Greenbury  Mathews  and  Sarah  Pratt. 

19.  Xath*  Harrington  and  Lydia  Nicols. 

20.  Archibald  Jackson  and  Sukcy  Reed. 
25.  Ezekel  Dean  and  Diana  Bell. 

December    3.  William  Hutton  Jr.  and  Catharine  Jackson. 

4.  John  Morgan  and  Sarah  Chaffinch. 

5.  Philip  Walker  and  Margaret  Dickinson. 
8.  Henry  Willis  and  Ann  Connerlyd. 

13.  jSTehemiah  Cooper  and  Elizabeth  Morgan. 

17.  Benjamin  Huggins  and  Sarah  Plummer. 

19.  William  Webb  and  Comfort  Holson. 

20.  Rizdon  Bozman  and  Henrietta  Alford. 

1781. 

January    3.   Clou  sherry  Matthews  and  Mary  Slaughter. 
8.  Thomas  Burk  and  Elizabeth  Turner. 
10.  Robert  Walker  and  Sarah  Lemarr. 
10.  James  Cahall  and  Nelly  Dawson. 
13.  Benjamin  Sutton  and  Rhode  Toottle. 

23.  John  Salisbury  and  Lydia  Horney. 

25.  Edmund  Blades  and  Mary  Bownes. 

29.  Charles  Nenderford  and  Sarah  Moodsley. 

30.  John  Warren  and  Ann  Western. 
February    1.  Jacob  Wildgoose  and  Sarah  Blades. 

3.  John  Carpender  and  Mary  Lawrence. 

24.  Richard  Roe  and  Sally  Glanding. 

26.  Richard  Mitchell  and  Sarah  Carter. 
March    5.  John  Stevens  Jr.  and  Elizabeth  Andrews. 


324    Marriage  Licenses  of  Giroliue  Co.,  Jlnyland,  177If-1815. 

March  6.  Solomon  Morgan  and  Alice  Iloklbrook. 

13.  Isaac  Bradley  and  Elizabeth  Casson. 

16.  David  Melviil  and  Sarah  Medfbrd. 
20.  James  Morgan  and  Justina  Cremcen. 

April  26.  Thomas  Turner  and  Ann  Andrew, 

May  15.  Thomas  Cooper  Jr.  and  Elizabeth  Colston. 

17.  James  Morris  and  Rebecca  Barnett. 
29.  Ralph  Green  and  :Mary  Gambell. 

June    9.  Valentine  Green  and  Jane  Sylvester. 
11.  John  Ilardcastle  and  Jane  Potter. 

18.  Samuel  Southray  and  Hannah  Blades. 

20.  Batchelor  Chance  Jr.  and  Ils'aucy  Dunning. 
"    William  Fountain  and  Ehzabeth  Satterfield. 

21.  Robert  Orrell  and  Margaret  Bayley. 

22.  John  Cooper  Jr.  and  Rachel  Conner. 
26.  David  Webber  and  Mary  Andrew. 

July  16.  John  Foster  Leverton  and  Hannah  Wilson. 
24.  John  Ryall  and  Mary  Davis. 
October    2.  James  Culbreth  and  Sarah  Covington. 

20.  Richard  Willoughby  and  Ehzabeth   Law- 
rence. 
IS^'ovember     1.  Solomon  Scott  and  Elizabeth  Bagg^. 

26.  Charles  Lemarr  and  Mary  Jump. 
December  16.  James  Jones  and  Susannah  Jones. 

20.  Christopher  Wilson  and  Sarah  Dixon. 

21.  Andrew  Bush  and  Elizabeth  Sparkhn. 

1782. 
January  11.  Shadrach  Dyall  and  :^ancy  Homey. 
21.  Richard  Cooper  and  Sarah  Alford. 
.„  February    7.  Edward  Carter  and  Mary  Webb. 

24.  Thomas  J.  Condrick  and  Margaret  Monuett. 
March  23.  William  Cecil  and  Rhoda  Skinner. 
April    9.  Robert  Bell  and  Mary  Fountain. 

13.  John  Pippen  and  Hetty  Thornton. 
May  22.  W""  Robinson  and  Marg'  Driver. 
June  19.  Jacob  Jump  and  Lucretia  Reed. 


June 

29. 

July 

16. 

August 

21. 

September 

10. 

12. 

October 

26. 

N'oveinber 

4. 

December 

28. 

29. 

January 

1. 

4. 

20. 

21. 

Marriage  Liccmes  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  177Ii.-1815.    32-5 

W'^  Andrew  and  Rachel  Pronce. 
John  Derochbound  and  Mary  Boone. 
Richard  AVoottors  and  Mary  Price. 
Ilcnry  Turner  Jr.  and  Sarah  Blades. 
Allemby  Jump  and  Xancy  Ilardcastle. 
John  Gibson  and  Mary  Massey. 
James  Staflbrd  and  Esther  Andrews. 
Wm.  Meads  Satterfield  and  Ann  Dukes. 
Joseph  Bell  and  Margaret  Sewell. 

1783. 
Iverrington  Sylvester  and  Sophia  Mason. 
Mathews  Garrett  and  Mary  Mason. 
Howell  Kenton  and  Elizabeth  Downes. 
Kathan  Harrington  and  Mary  Jvloborough. 
February  26.  Richard  Mason  Jr.  and  Rebekah  Hardcastle. 
May  12.  Thos.  White  Meeds  and  Mary  Cooper. 

21.  John  Green  and  EHzabeth  Philhps. 
June    5.  Samuel  Ball  and  Lydia  Kerap. 

John  Kemp  and  Ruth  Ball. 

25.  Wm.  Fountain  and  Margaret  Morgan. 
July  18.  John  Russum  and  Tryphena  Sylvester. 

Auo-ust  11.  Robert  Williams  and  Ann  Clark. 

o 

September  16.  Andrew  Satterfield  and  Deborah  Stevens. 
October    6.  Garcy  Leverton  and  Mary  Spemccr. 

10.  William  Bell  Jr.  and  Margaret  Talbott. 

10.  James  Overstock  and  Elizabeth  Perry. 
November  12.  Samuel  Sparklin  and  Tamsey  Andrew. 

17.  Baptist  Davis  and  Ann  Genn. 

20.  Joseph  Parratt  and  Julia  Thomas. 

26.  James  Parratt  and  Sarah  Ilutchings. 
December  13.  John  King  and  Ann  Smith. 

Richard  Willis  and  Elizabeth  Greenbaugh. 

15.  Charles  Critchett  and  Margaret  Webb. 
William  Coursey  Jr.  and  Mary  Thomas. 

16.  Francis  Rowins  and  Elizabeth  Lord. 

22.  Richard  Kinnard  and  Elizabeth  Stanton. 
30.  Nathan  Hill  and  Rachel  Lewis. 


326    Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  177If^~lSir>. 

1781,. 
January  14.  Jolin  Clark  and  Martha  Lyden. 

17.  Ilenrj  Dickinson  and  Anna  llirdinan. 
24.  Thomas  Blades  and  Keziah  Crenieen. 
April    6.  Thomas  Harrington  and  Rebekah  Slautrhtor. 
19.  John  Digg-in  andTamsey  Tliomas. 
28.  James  Ilambleton  and  Dorothy  Ozwell. 
May  2G.  Nathan  Smith  and  Elizabeth  Keen. 
Juno  11.  James  Hardcastlc  and  Sarah  Parratt. 
27.  Zadoc  Harvey  and  Elizabeth  Faston. 
_    July  17.  Jacob  Lockerman  and  Elizabeth  Clark. 
August  17.  Philip  Larcy  and  Priscilla  Lecompt. 

19.  William  Walter  and  Xancy  Driver. 

30.  Thomas  Baynard  Jr.  and  Pebeckali  Sang- 
eton. 
October  19.  Mathew  Chilton  and  Hannah  Wootters. 

20.  James  Ratelift'  and  Mary  Alls. 
iN'ovember     2.   George  Is'elson  and  Margaret  Stradley. 

16.  Thomas  Tootle  and  Sarah  Brown. 

19.  William  Cannon  and  Henrietta  Wheatley. 
Solomon  Jump  and  Sarah  Cannon. 
Noah  Mason  and  Izabel  Hunter, 

1785. 
January    3.  William  Mason  and  Nancy  Baggs. 

20.  John  Fisher  and  Katharine  Holt. 
27.  Abner  Clements  and  Lydia  Stewart. 

February    2.  Jonathan  Gary  and  Sousana  Dickinson. 

8.  George  Wilson  and  Sally  Cooper. 

22.  Ezekel  Hunter  Jr.  and  Prudence  Boone. 

23.  Peter  Chance  and  Pebecca  Boone. 
March    6.  John  Harrison  and  Elizth.  Scissarson. 

9.  Eliza [?]  Clark  and  Elizabeth  Robinson. 
12.  Samuel  Denny  and  Anna  Montecue. 
16.  Thomas  Poe  and  Tilly  Porter. 

18.  Giles  Hicks  and  Margaret  Chalmers. 
April  26.  Thomson  Wootters  and  Elizabeth  Jarman. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  CuroUnc  Co.,  Maryland,  1774^-1815.    327 

May    3.  Eichard  Swift  and  Sarali  Eevnolda. 

30.  Joliii  Blades  and  Lncretia  Turner. 

June    7.  Thomas  PurncU  and  Katharine  Ilargidine. 

14.  Charles  Baker  and  Frances  Willis. 
July  14.  Henry  Calston  and  Eebecca  ^Fason. 

15.  Levin  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Ganze. 

16.  Edwin  Lunceford  and  Sarah  Kellcy. 
29.  Eohert  Sherwin  and  Mary  Mobray. 

August  17.  Aaron  Lewis  and  Sapphira  Griffith. 

18.  Thonias  Lewis  Jr.  and  Eebecca  Griffith. 

23.  Richard  Perry  and  Deborah  Sitterson. 

26.  "William  Dail  and  Xancy  Barnes. 
September  21.  Samuel  Darggins  and  Ann  Johnston. 

October    5.  Z^Iathias  Freeman  and  Juliet  Dudley. 

11.  James  Johnson  and  Elizabeth  Kussum. 
November  25.  Alexander     M'Connell     and     Dorothy    Le 

Compte. 
December    9.  William  Purnell  Jr.  and  Elizabeth  Cooper. 

27.  John  Townsend  and  Sarah  Slaughter. 

"    James  Fleharty  and  Susannah  Hopkins. 

28.  James  Wilson  and  Sarah  Cooper. 

1786. 

January    9.  William  Kelley  and  Eoxanna  Wing. 

18.  Griffith  Callahan  and  Ann  Wood. 

19.  Olive  [?]  Jump  and  Mary  Wootters. 
26.  Samuel  Sylvester  and  Sarah  Phillips. 

31.  Isaac  Baggs  and  Elizabeth  Clark. 
March  12.  Wm.  Everingham  and  Elizabeth  Willis. 

April  19.  Stephen  Cooper  and  Priscilla  Scott. 
May  15.  James  Cohlins  and  Sarah  Perry. 
16.  Andrew  Jump  and  Letitia  Boon. 

20.  George  Townsend  and  Margaret  Bell. 
June  19.  John  Eobertson  and  Margaret  Stevens. 

23.  Josiah  Leach  and  Alice  Parratt, 
July    8.  James  Mathews  and  Margaret  Oram. 

15.  Solomon  Colbourn  and  Rebecca  Coursey. 


328    Jlarricuje  L'ccnses  of  Cvoline  Co.,  Maryland,  177/^-1813. 

December  18.  jSTathan  Scwell  and  Elizabeth  Xorris. 

22.  Charles  Manship  and  Mary  Keene. 

"  Edward  Dudley  and  Rebecca  Colston. 

27.  Giles  Hiche  and  Mary  Colston. 

28.  Daniel  Jones  and  Cleah  Cannon. 

1787. 

January    9.  William  Kirby  and  Sarah  Iladdaway. 

16.  John  Freeman  and  Margaret  Clark. 

27.  Benjamin  Boone  and  Ann  Hall. 

29.  Daniel  Valliant  and  Elizabeth  Alford. 
February    8.  Elijah  Andrews  and  ]S[ary  IN'oble. 

IG.  John  Crennen  and  Rebecca  Lynch. 

18.  James  Aaron  and  Grace  "SVildgood. 
March  12.  Ellis  Thomas  and  Mary  Harris. 

15.  Henry  Dickinson  and  Deborah  Perry. 

19.  John  Royall  and  Ann  Evans. 

21.  John  Slaughter  and  Elizabeth  Hynson. 
April    5.  Thomas  Hitchings  and  Fanny  Reynolds. 
G.  James  Jump  and  Elizabeth  Ridgaway. 

16.  "William  Parker  and  Elizabeth  Xicols. 
May    8.  Henry  Covington  and  Susanna  Boone. 

June  20.  James  Hardcastle  and  Elizabeth  Baggs. 
July  14.  John  Cooper  and  Sarah  Cooper. 

17.  James  Love  and  Rebecca  Eagle. 

25.  Robert  Sylvester  and  Rebecca  Boone. 
August  11.  James  Turner  and  Ann  Elliott. 

28.  James  Cohee  and  Mary  Brice. 
September    5.  Samuel  Collins  and  Deborah  Satterfield. 

25.  Francis  Elliott  and  Elizabeth  Orrell. 

26.  William  Ryon  and  Sarah  Alford. 
October    9.  James  Slaughter  and  Priscilla  Harrington. 

November     3.  James  Grayless  and  Elizabeth  A\Tieatley. 

12.  Benoin  Sherwin  and  Ann  Stradley. 

13.  Richard  Collison  and  Penelope  Bush. 
19.  Solomon  Brown  and  Ana  Boon. 

24.  Isaac  Nicols  and  Celia  Wright. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  Grroline  Co.,  Maryland.,  1771^.-1815.    329 

Xovember  28.  Caleb  Kerby  and  Margaret  Shicld.s. 
December    1.  Robert  Ilardcastle  and  Susanah  Garey. 
8.  James  Leverton  and  Lydia  Kenton. 

1788. 
January  22.  Ricliard  "Willis  and  Bethany  Gwoty. 
February    2.  Jacob  Seth  and  Ann  Pennington. 

7.  Thos.  "Whadman  and  Henrietta  Yoe. 
10.  William  Sherwood  and  Sarah  Mitchell. 
April    3.  Richard  Andrew  and  Mary  Hill. 
June  10.  Aaron  Ilardcastle  and  Arabella  Stokely. 

13.  James  ^[unnett  and  ]Mary  Kenderdine. 
"    James  Sleete  and  Ann  Manship. 

14.  James  Harrington  and  Ann  ]\I'=Kinny. 

27.  'William  Harper  and  Amelia  Holden. 
July  26.  Jacob  Boon  and  Catharine  Whitby. 

August    1.  John  Roe  and  Elizabeth  Rawley. 

5.  ZSToah  Mason  and  ^ancy  Jackson. 

6.  Mathew  Jones  and  Sarah  White. 

7.  Edward  Andrew  and  Prudence  Walker. 
16.  Richard  Clarkson  and  Priscilla  Brown. 
25.  Owen  Connelly  and  Elizabeth  Layton. 

"     Jonathan  Hughey  and  Ann  Robinson. 
31.  John  Barcross  and  Sarah  Hayes. 
September    3.  Jacob  Andrew  and  Priscilla  Law. 
October  21.  Robert  Dixon  and  Ann  Andrew. 

28.  Rizdon  Fountain  and  Rachel  Saulsbury. 
November     8.  Henry  Downes  and  Margaret  Green. 

12.  James  Towers  Jr.  and  Mary  Hobbs. 
"    James  Towers  and  Tamsey  Bland. 

15.  Perry  Sutton  and  Xancy  Dawson. 
18.  James  Cheezum  and  Nancy  Tottel. 
20.  Burton  Loftis  and  Sussana  Baynard. 
28.  Richard  Start  and  Ann  Harris. 

1789. 
February    8.  Elijah  Williamson  and  Lcly  Wheatley. 
24.  Beniamiu  Jackson  and  Rebecca  Parrott. 


330    Jfarriajc  Lkoiscsoj  Caroline  Co.,  Jlari/Iand,  177^-lSlo. 

March    9.  William  Lane  and  Sarah  George. 

11.  Perry  Young  and  Rachel  Stack. 

13,  Henry  Kemp  and  Mary  Layton. 

18.  Josiah  Starling  and  Amelia  Nicola. 

30.  Levin  Xoble  and  Mary  AVhite  AVard, 

April  12.  John  Scott  and  Ann,  Talboy. 

May  29.  William  Vaulx  and  Mary  Tumpillian. 

30.  Alexander  Talson  and  Rebecca  Boon. 

June  19.  John  Shepherd  and  Fanny  Foster. 

July  14.  Rol)ert  Postlethwaite  and  Nancy  Iventon. 

27.  James  Alcrcdith  and  Anna  Statia  E^dng. 

28.  Thos.  Baynard  and  Elizabeth  Slaughter. 

29.  Robt.  Edge  and  Mary  Pynfield. 
August    5.  John  Flowers  and  Elizabeth  Clank. 

11.  James  Kenton  and  Sarah  Micton. 
15.  Ralph  Colscott  and  Mary  Swiggett. 

18.  James  Swann  and  Lydia  Faulkner. 
24.  Francis  Sellers  and  Elizabeth  Downes. 
29.  John  Harrison  and  Esther  Blades. 

September    8.  James  Fountain  and  Margaret  Saulsbury. 

12.  Jonathan  Stevens  and  Frances  Hignitt. 
15.  Daniel  Herring  and  Rachel  Cohee. 

19.  John  Willoughby  and  Celia  Connelly. 
"     James  Faulker  and  Sophia  Minner. 

29.  Wm.  AVheatley  and  Sidney  Glandon. 
October    3.  Charles  Blair  and  Ann  Stevens. 

"    John  Merchant  and  Phener  Jackson. 
9.  James  Purnell  and  Elizabeth  Neal. 
"  Daniel  Dawson  and  Ann  AYillis. 
"  Daniel  Bell  and  Ann  Coulbourn. 
November    2.  Thomas  Slaughter  and  Mary  Kelly. 

13.  John  Brown  and  Fanney  Coursey. 
19.  George  Martin  and  Elizabeth  Nicols. 
29.  James  Beaver  and  Ann  Hughes. 

December  2.  John  Minner  Jr.  and  Elizabeth  Nunam. 
24.  William  Clift  and  Elizabeth  Broadway. 
28.  Joshua  Lucas  and  Deborah  Willis. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  1774—1815.    331 

1790. 
January    5.  Peter  Collison  and  Sarah  Johnson. 
14.  Luke  Andrew  and  llliody  Blades. 
16.  Thomas  AVhite  Brown  and  Lucretia  Cannon. 
30.  Abraliani  Boss  and  Elizabeth  Green. 
February    2.  Thomas  Baxter  and  Mary  Hughes. 
3.  Philip  Thomas  and  Sarah  James. 

16.  John  Qainn  and  Elizabeth  Townsend. 
March     2.  Jeremiah  ^lontigue  and  Elizabeth  Clough. 

3.  IsToah  Dawson  and  Margaret  Andrew, 

5.  John  Martindale  and  Mary  Manship. 

13.  William  Harrison  and  Penelope  Collison. 

19.  Emory  Craynor  and  Susannah  Lyon. 
23.  George  Garey  and  May  Andrew. 

April    2.  Perry  AVard  Stewart  and  Mary  Manship. 
"   John  Salterfield  and  Sarah  Williams. 
7.  Bobert  Boon  and  Sarah  Hunter. 

10.  Thomas  Bright  and  Xelly  Robinson. 

17.  Eisdon  Cooper  and  Elizabeth  Mace. 

21.  Peter  Taylor  Causey  and  Elizabeth  Wilson. 

22.  Jolin  Lucas  and  Rebecca  Cooper. 
May    3.  Jesse  Grayless  and  Sarah  Andrew. 

11.  Purnell  Jump  and  Elizabeth  Broadaway. 

12.  John  Green  and  Sarah  Smith. 

17.  Bernnett  Wherrett  and  Rebecca  Scott. 

18.  William  Diggins  and  Margaret  Chairs. 
25.  Abraham  Ray  and  Xancy  Travers. 

June    7.  William  Richardson  Jr.  and  EHzabeth  Dick- 
inson. 
July    9.  Richard  Wilcott  and  Rebecca  Chcezam. 

20.  Elsbury  Burt  and  Sarah  Hutchings. 
25.  Ezekel  Hunter  and  Sarah  Sylvester. 

27.  John  Ilutchings  and  Fanny  ILirrington. 
August    3.  Elijah  Pitshum  and  f]lizabeth  Swift. 
5.  John  Waddell  and  Elizabeth  Wright. 
12.  Jonathan  Conner  and  Delia  Crickett. 
17.  David  Webber  and  Catharine  Isgate. 


332    Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland^  177^-1815. 

August  20.  Hugh  Lindsey  and  Mary  Caulk. 
September    3.  Viuceiit  ]^iiikiue  and  Catharine  Cooper. 
John  Lucas  and  CaroHne  Seott. 
October    1.  Jolm  Fleharty  and  Esther  Hopkins. 

21.  Samuel  Johnson  and  Hannah  Jacfeon. 
November     2.  John  Bradley  and  Rebecca  Jump. 
6.  John  Jump  and  Henrietta  Lee. 
6.  David  Jones  and  Tamsey  Connertv. 

10.  Levin  Claudge  and  Rachel  Jump. 
Benjamin  Linthicum  and  Rebecca  Dixon. 

11.  Timothy  Plummer  and  Sarah  Yickers. 
John  Bowdle  and  ^Nlary  Towers. 

12.  Isaac  Purnill  and  Patty  Sylvester. 
December  10.  William  Andrew  and  Margaret  Beauchamp. 

13.  Joseph  Crockett  and  Rebecca  Blades. 

14.  Thomas  Swift  and  Sarah  Mason. 

15.  William  Jacobs  and  Mary  Dawson. 
22.  James  Chairs  Webb  and  Xancy  Hicals. 

1791. 
January    1.  William  Gibson  and  Elizabeth  Sangston. 

2.  Joseph  Stack  and  Rebecca  Lewis. 

3.  James  Sisk  and  Mary  Bowdle. 

4.  Henry  :Mason  and  Mary  Clark. 
Archibald  Flemming  and  Sarah  Wilson. 

11.  Alexander  Forsyth  and  Margaret  Smith. 
14.  Henry  Turner  Jr.  and  Rebecca  Eaton. 
18.  John  Adams  and  Mary  Russom. 

Joshua  Temple  and  Xancy  Wilson. 
27.  John  Morgan  and  Sarah  Clift. 
31.  William  Bright  and  Elizabeth  Shephard. 
February    4.  Jacob  Watkins  and  Elizabeth  Hobbs. 

7.  William  Shaw  and  Polly  Sylvester. 

8.  William  Crafford  and  Ann  Harbert. 

12.  Henry  Casson  and  Polly  Xabb. 
12.  Joseph  Bowdel  and  Polly  Blades. 

15.  John  Fountain  Jr.  and  Deborah  Fountain. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  Qiroline  Co.,  Maryland,  177If-lS15.    333 

February  23.  Snml.  Willoughby  and  Amelia  Howard. 
March    3.  Alexander and  xs'aney  Price. 

6.  "Woolman  Iliigliey  and  Polly  Johnson. 

7.  John  Seth  and  Xancy  Mereditli. 

8.  John  Martindale  and  Margaret  Saulsbury. 
15.  John  Dodd  and  Polly  Jump. 

22.  Thomas  Clen  Denning  and  Hannah  Burt. 
31.  Thomas  Katts  and  Polly  Waddell. 

April    6.   Caleb  Bouvier  and  Sidney  Harrington. 

28.  William  Bail  and  Mary  Eaton. 
May    3.  Joseph  Dixon  and  Ann  AVith. 

5.  Peter  Edmordson  and  Elizabeth  Driver. 

23.  James  Dudley  and  Mary  Burton. 
June    1.  Daniel  Keene  and  Margaret  Bill. 

11.  John  Dickinson  and  Ann  Walker. 
30.  ISTehemiah  Townsend  and  Winifred  Foun- 
tain. 
July    8.  iSTichal son  Harrison  and  Hester  Hall. 

17.  Thos.  Frampton  and  Elizabeth  Kelly. 

21.  Joshua  Hobbs  and  Rhody  Cranmer. 

27.  William  All  and  Isabel  Boon. 

30.  Samuel  Lecorapte  and  Sarah  Benney. 
August    3.  Benjamin  Jump  and  Sidney  Carter. 

6.  Daniel  Hobbs  and  Elizabeth  White. 
Kovember  17.  Robert  Walker  and  Margaret  Valhant. 

18.  Levin  Hicks  and  Elizabeth  Stewart. 

20.  Tristram  Wright  and  Elizabeth  Waddell. 

22.  Samuel  Chatman  and  Sarah  ]N"unam. 

23.  Nehemiah  Andrew  and  Anna  Davis, 

28.  Emanuel  Crayner  and  Susannah  Wadman. 
December  18.  Acquilla  Jackson  and  Penelope  Biscow. 

20.  John  Watkins  and  Elizabeth  Ruhard. 

1792. 

January    3.  Thomas  Cooper  and  Elizabeth  'Wliirritt. 
Elijah  Satteriield  and  Elizabeth  Dukes. 
William  Dukes  and  Lydia  Harris. 


834    Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  177^-1815. 

Januiuy  4.  Janie^?  Anderson  and  Cclia  Harris. 
9.  Thomas  Sniith  and  Kliody  Cooper. 
17.  Barnett  M'Combs  and  Sarah  Sunarr. 

20.  Solomon    Downes    Cranor    and    Elizabeth 

Morriston. 
2G.  Richard  Harrington  and  Rebecca  Ilarrinrr. 
ton. 
February  14.  Levin  Saulsbury  and  Mary  Cremun. 
15.  James  Ewing  and  Elizabeth  Griffith. 
"    James  Peters  and  Sarah  Hignult. 

21.  James  ^Vliiteley  and  Rebecca  Culbreth. 
.    "    Solomon  Atkinson  and  Mary  Kenton. 

March    8.  Aaron  Dut  and  Ann  Dawson. 

22.  John  Ilendsley  and  Sarah  Clark. 
April     3.  Daniel  Holbrook  and  Rebecca  Towers. 

4.  Solomon  Wilson  and  Elizabeth  Craynor. 

25.  Zadwick  Lain  and  Amelia  Gray. 

May  19.  Solomon  Richardson  and  Mary  Moberry. 
June    1.  James  Waddell  and  Mary  Saulsbury. 

5.  Zebulon  Dixon  and  ISTancy  Garrett. 
Jonathan  Wilson  and  Mary  Saulsbury. 
James  "WTieatley  and , 

19.  David  Webber  and  Mary  Ann  Wootters. 

26.  Henry  Garmon  and  Sarah  Bush. 
Nehemiah  Draper  and  Sidney  Barwick. 

July  24.  Richard  Martindale  and  Sarah  Martindale. 
Thomas  Harvey  and  Xelly  Beadley. 

27.  William  Wadman  and  Xancy  Craynor. 
31.  Henry  Baggs  and  Elizabeth  Roe. 

August    7.  Isaac  Boon  and  Ann  Boon. 

21.  William  Clough  and  Ehzabeth  Monticue. 

Isaac  Merrick  and  Rachel  Sylvester. 
29.  George  Collins  and  Nice  Hubbert. 
September  15.  Aaron  Dawley  and  Nancy  Purnell. 

25.  Levin  Charles  and  Henrietta  Thaughley. 
Henry  Kenton  and  Lydia  Downes. 
October  17.  Owen  McQuality  and  Jane  Harris. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  C<).,  Maryland,  177/^-1815.    336 


October  27.  Jolm  Jones  and  Sarah  Caulk, 
November  13.  James  Wilson  and  Elizabeth  llardoastle. 

James  Boon  and  Sarah  Boon. 
December    8.  James  Plummer  and  Letitia  Clift. 
14.  Xathan  Jones  and  Rebecca  Swift. 

Dovington  Chane  and  Esther  Gosling. 
18.  "William  Mobrary  and  Rhoda  Ross. 
John  Carter  Jr.  and  Lavinia  Rumbley. 
Robinson  Morriston  and  Ann  Ilignutt. 
Joseph  Fleharty  and  Margaret  Cook. 
Thomas  Truman  and  Sarah  Kinimint. 
Robert  ^leredith  and  Xancy  Chance. 


20. 

22. 

25. 


January 

8. 

22. 

29. 

30. 

February 

7. 
12. 

March  23. 

23. 

^lay 

2. 
17. 

20. 

28. 

80. 

June 

4. 

12. 

21. 

July 

20. 
23. 

24. 

August 

9. 
13. 

1793. 

Jacob  Covey  and  Mary  Camper. 
James  Coarsey  and  Rebecca  Harper. 
Edward  W^hite  3rd  and  Elizabeth  Eountairi. 
W^illiam  W^alker  and  Rebecca  Crunan. 
Stephen  Theodore  Johnson  and  Mary  Clarke. 
John  Ball  and  Fanny  Vinson. 
Solomon  Brown  and  Parthema  Furnis. 
Noah  Jackson  and  Elizabeth  Smith. 
Levin  Tute  and  Deborah  Eaton. 
Israel  Knotts  and  Sarah  Martindall. 
Richard  Ridgeway  and  Henny  Townsend. 
Aaron  ^Manship  and  Xancy  Mathews. 
Samuel  Barron  and  ^Marthy  Cox. 
William  Casson  and  Letitia  Swift. 
Henry  Stewart  and  Sarah  Foster. 
Elisha  Chaftinch  and  Mary  Craynor. 
Henry  Willis  and  Rhody  Batchelor. 
Richard  Pearson  and  Deborah  Hopkins. 
Mathias  Clifton  and  Eliza  Blunt, 
Thomas  Stewart  and  Polly  Collinson. 
Greenberry  Banning  and  Nancy  Clarke. 
Saml.  Fountain  and  Sarah  Lawrence. 
Richard  Swdft  and  Rachel  Smith. 


336     Marriage  Licenses  of  G.iroUnc  G).,  Maryland,  177^-181',. 

August  14.  Solomon  Clarke  and  Sarah  Swift. 

20.  Thomas  Winchester  and  Xancy  Priort. 
September  27.  Thomas  Mason  and  Eliza  Saven. 
NoTcmber  19.  William  Potter  and  Ann  Richardson. 

22.  Roger  Malock  and  Sarah  Dill. 

2G.  John  Cheshire  and  Rachel  Martiudall. 
December   16.  Thomas  Webster  and  Sarah  Smith. 

18.  I^icholas  Lincli  and  Mary  Ruse. 

20.  Thomas  Bartlett  and  Mary  Thomas. 

21.  Cornelius  Johnson  and  Sarah  Brannock. 
A\^illiam  Wheeler  and  Mary  lA'den. 

24.  Christopher  Pratt  and  Rebecca  Trunen. 
26.  Edward  Perry  and  Elizabeth  Walker. 
30.  Joseph  Rogers  and  Frances  Smith. 

30.  Le^^n  Crossman  and  Sarah  Collins. 

31.  Nathaniel  Stafford  and  Sarah  Hobbs. 

179I^. 
January  6.  Benedict  Xunam  and  Rachel  Benson. 

14.  Thomas  Carslake  and  Margaret  Luse. 

15.  John  Harris  and  Seina  Willis. 

21.  Isaac  Munnitt  and  Rebecca  Chilton. 
February    1.  Da\'id  Dean  and  Elizabeth  Moore. 

5.  Ephraim  Grayless  and  Peggy  Wheatley. 

11.  Robert  Sylvester  and  Frances  Boon. 
Philip  Porter  and  Rebecca  Glass. 

12.  James  Draper  and  Levis  White. 
20.  John  Claredge  and  Rachel  Smith. 

22.  Benjamin  Todd  and  Mary  Harvey. 
25.  Henry  Rhodes  and  Rachel  Simmons. 
27.  William  Waddell  and  Xancy  Cheezum. 

March    1.  Henry  IS'icols  3rd.  and  Margaret  Keene. 
11.  Andrew  Kinneman  and  Christian  Keene. 
20.  William  Colston  and  Mary  Debilbiss. 
April  17.  John  Sylvester  and  Prudence  Sandick. 
25.  Daniel  Baynard  and  Xancy  Parrott. 
William  Starkey  and  Deborah  Gibson. 


Mmriage  Licenses  of  Caroliru  Co.^  Maryland,  1771^-1815.    337 

June    5.  William  JIi<]::nutt  and  Ann  Dillon. 

11.  AVilliam  Taylor  and  Elizabeth  Faulkner. 

16.  John  Knus  and  Sarah  Sumners. 

17.  Jolm  Shepperd  and  Sarah  Eaton. 

20.  liobert  Ilcfferson  and  Judith  Penuarr. 
July  19.  Charles  Sebudrach  and  Sarah  Cockhn. 

21.  John  Fluharty  and  Eliza  Valiant. 
Samuel  Emerson  and  Ann  Anderson. 

23.  Wm.  Kirkman  and  Eliza  Spurry. 
26.  Vincent  Taylor  and  Elizabeth  Martindall. 
Thomas  Andran  and  Ileziah  Blades. 
August  1.  William  Faris  and  Luvenah  Alford. 
13.  John  AVard  and  Sarah  Grayloss. 

19.  John  Peters  and  Mary  Hignutt. 
^latliew  Smith  and  Eliza  Ewing. 
Joseph  Mann  and  Eliza  Blades. 

20.  John  A  Sangston  and  Mary  Kenton. 
September    5.  Solomon  Biggins  and  Rachel  Condon. 

8.  Thomas  Towers  and  Esther  Collins. 
Ja'  Minner  and  Darkey  Faulkner. 
Kovember  17.  John  Green  and  Elizabeth  Smill. 

28.  Wm.  Ryon  Jr.  and  Is'ancy  Graham. 
December    2.  John  Grigg  and  Cynthia  Minner. 

18.  Wm.  Reeves  and  Mary  Taylor. 

23.  "William  Travers  and  Jann  Haslett. 
31.  Thomas  GriiHth  and  Darkey  Eaton. 

1795. 

January    3.  James  M^Knitt  and  Julia  Robinson. 

8.  James  Wiltegott  and  Xancy  Flahartj. 
"    Thos.  Waddell  and  Sarah  Batchelor. 
13.  William  Priest  and  Xaomi  Cafmine. 
William  Harper  and  Sarah  Carmine. 

29.  Samuel  Elliott  and  Hannah  Clark. 
February  14.  Jas.  Anderson  and  Xancy  Jackson. 

April    4.  William  Ross  and  Margaret  Kelley. 
June  18.  John  Diggins  and  Elizabeth  Cooper. 
VOL.  XXVIII. — 22 


June 

20. 

22. 

July 

4. 

17. 

29. 

August 

5. 

13. 

15. 

338    Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.y  Maryland^  1774--1S15. 

Thomas  Tylor  and  Mary  Alford. 
Amos  AVarren  and  AVealthy  Baynord. 
Thomas  Hawkins  and  Ada  Borjan. 
Eobt.  Beauchamp  and  Mary  Wilson. 
Thomas  Berry  and  Jaminah  Pratt. 
Richard  Dove  and  Estlier  Chilcut. 
Joshua  Cooper  and  Lydia  Clark. 
Xehemiah  Andrew  and  Phoeba  Sutton. 
William  Iveene  and  Eebecea  Floyd. 

20.  William  Webb  and  Rachel  Diggins. 
James  Bell  and  Isabella  Jump. 

John  Hughbanks  and  Esther  Ridgeway. 
Levin  Clark  and  Elizabeth  Xice. 
Henry  Garey  and  Abigail  Chilton. 
September    7.  Sol.  Hubbert  and  Africa  Russnur. 
30.  Cain  Davis  and  Mary  Carter. 
October  28.  Tam  Cerlan  D.  Sangston  and  Mary  Stevens. 
November  17.  Daniel  Morgan  and  Sarah  Towers. 
Edward  Carter  Sr.  and  Lela  Jones. 
24.  James  Stewart  and  Esther  Pratt. 
28.  Callahan  Jones  and  Rebecca  Carmine. 
December    2.  Thomas  Carmine  and  Lovey  Harris. 
9.  Wm.  Hardcastle  and  ^[ary  Jump. 
15.  Wm.  Towers  and  Celia  Russell. 
15.  Rigby  Thomas  and  Delilah  Barnett. 
19.  Thomas  bleeds  and  ^lary  Swift. 
22.  Aaron  Chance  and  Sarah  Love. 

1796. 

January  11.  David  AVaddell  and  Elizabeth  Brannock. 
12.  Geo.  Thompson  and  Henny  Kenton. 

19.  Levi  Dukes  and  Deborah  Saulsbury. 

21.  Jonathan  Beck  and  Rebecca  Xicol. 

22.  Daniel  Wooters  and  Elizabeth  Wooters. 
February    2.  Robert  Pearce  and  Sarah  Hardcastle. 

9.  Alum  Parker  and  Rhody  Willis. 

20.  Thos.  Beauchamp  and  Mary  Todd. 


}fmriag€  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  1771^.-1815.     339 

February  23.  Ezekiel  Murdock  ami  l\utlia  Ireland. 
Eobt.  Ilettersou  aiul  Letitia  Porter, 
Marcli     5.  William  Slaugliter  and  Susainiah  Rhodes. 
7.  James  Swiggett  and  Ann  Harrington. 

15.  Tilgliman  Chance  and  Ann  Harper. 
30.  Thomas  Priest  and  Aisey  Jump. 

John  Murphy  and  Susannah  Slaughter. 
April  14.  Robert  Williams  and  Mary  Stunnors. 

16.  Absalom  Tribitt  and  Ann  Draper. 
Ma}'  17.  Henry  Dean  and  Tamsey  Covej'. 

25.  Mark  Foster  and  Eleoner  Cole. 
30.  Andrew  M'Collorton  and  Mary  Vanly. 
June  22.  William  Shelian  and  Sarah  Sylvestor. 

25.  David  Sylvestor  and  Elinor  Tarrorsfold. 
July  19.  Asa  Brady  and  Xancy  Ilollingsworth. 

August    6.  John  Orom  and  Mary  Edgell. 

10.  Andrew  Baggs  and  Henrietta  Mason. 
13.  David  Sisk  and  Elizabeth  Foster. 

16.  Thomas  Cooper  and  Rebecca  Nobb. 

Jeremiah  Vinson  and  Prudence  Hunter. 

30.  Melvon  Andrews  and  Celia  Andrew. 

31.  John  A.  Sangston  and  Rachel  Sharp. 
September    6.  Richard  Warner  and  Parthy  Xelson. 

S.  Talbott  and  Ann  Postlethwaite. 
24.  Thomas  Carmine  and  Susannah  Andrew. 
Thomas  Monticue  and  Hannah  Dodd. 

26.  Joseph  Wright  and  Anna  Hatia  Meredith. 
26.  Jacob  ISTumar  and  Nancy  Cotrile. 

October  10.  Nathan  Whitby  and  Mary  Fountaine. 

11.  Peter  Chance  and  Elenor  Farrlield. 
Harrison    Montigue   and   Triphemia  Foun- 
tain. 

12.  Anderson  Porter  and  Bershiba  Jester. 
15.  Robt.  Hardcastle  Jr.  and  Sarah  Baynord. 
26.  John  Billitor  and  Margaret  Fountain. 

Xovergiber     8.  Shelby  Jump  and  Elizabeth  Jump. 
December    3.  Elijah  Cromcan  and  Ann  Dawson. 


840     3Jnrnagc  Licenses  nf  Caroline  Co.,  JIari/land,  177 If-lSl-S. 


December  10.  David  AVilson  ami  Mary  AVilliams. 

13.  William  Rumble  and  Margaret  Perry, 

27.  AYilliam  Warren  and  Lovie  Draper. 

28.  Levin  Swiggett  and  Peggy  Forsythe. 


January    3. 

5. 

9. 
17. 

23. 

31. 

February    3. 


21. 

22. 

March 

11. 

29. 

April 

4. 

May 

2. 

4. 

"24. 

26. 

30. 

31, 

June  13. 

24, 

26, 

27. 

July 

4. 

1797. 

James  Dixon  and  Henrietta  Vinson. 
James  Herring  and  Cynthia  Chance. 
Philip  Rhodes  and  Mary  Cony. 
"NVilHam  Boone  and  Elizabeth  Driver. 
John  Monticue  and  Rachel  Roe. 
Joa.  C.  Willowb}^  and  Sophia  Beauchamp. 
Levin  Ilobbs  and  Sarah  Roe. 
William  Young  and  Mary  Dewoohburne. 
Amos  liollingsworth  and  Lucretia  Bradley. 
Amasa  Robinson  and  Mary  ISTicols  Douglass. 
Edward  Price  and  Mary  George. 
Andrew  Price  and  Sarah  Brine. 
Wm.  jSPComakin  and  Mary  Robinson. 
Joshua  Soward  and  Robena  Johnson. 
Stephen  Trusty  and  Alice  Carnoy. 
Kehemiah  Saulsbury  and  Sarah  Koons. 
Stephen  Lucas  and  Elizabeth  Gibson. 
John  Scribner  and  Robena  Collins. 
John  Ireland  and  Esther  Johnson. 
Daniel  Swiggett  and  Sallie  Clarke. 
P.  Martindall  and  Elizabeth  Orton. 
Thomas  Daffin  and  Rebecca  Dickinson. 
Nehemiah  Riley  and  Susanna  White. 
Thomas  Orem  and  Julia  Taylor. 
Josiah  Genu  and  Rachel  Ilardcastle. 
Thomas  Jump  and  Xancv  King. 
Nicholas  Loveday  and  Mary  Shirwood. 
William  Miller  and  Ann  Manship, 
Philemon  Spencer  and  iN'ancy  Baggs. 
Joshua  Craynor  and  Rhoda  Eaton. 
John  is'abb  and  Susanna  Jaickson. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.^  Maryland,  1774.-1S15.     341 

July  12.  Charles  Citizen  and  Sarah  Tholley. 
16.  Eichard  Small  and  Letty  Ross. 

30.  ^Villiani  Swift  and  Addah  Swift. 
August  1.  Xathan  Hunter  and  Susanna  Cox. 

10.  John  Stanton  and  Elizabeth  Connolly. 
16.  Peter  ^^atlle^vs  and  Ann  M'Gram. 
28.  John  Faiross  and  Xancy  Blades. 

31.  George  Bland  and  Elizabeth  Caulk. 
September    1.  Horatio  Sharpe  and  Prissilla  Pritcbott, 

25.  Johnson  Hobbs  and  Sarah  Griffith. 
October    2.  Pritchett  Ross  and  Rhoda  ^Yright. 

9.  Waitman  Gaslin  and  Margaret  Causey. 
24.  Peter  Sharpe  and  Elizabeth  Fountain. 
27.  Joseph  Eaton  and  Rachel  Prouce. 

Book  No.  3. 

November  1.  Henry  Harrington  and  Nancy  Catrap. 
4.  Caleb  Clarke  and  Prudence  Taylor. 
8.  Francis  Davis  and  Elizabeth  Genn. 
22.  Solomon  Cannon  and  Rebecca  Mason. 
27.  James  Jakes  and  Elizabeth  Webber. 
December  11.  Abidnigo  Bodtield  and  Xancy  Chilton. 
12.  Peter  Hardcastle  and  Mary  Baynard. 
16.  John  Rumble  and  Parentha  Blades. 

19.  Samuel  Alford  and  Barsheba  Kelly. 
"     Manapy  Koon  and  Elenor  Stewart. 

20.  Zackariah  Gowty  and  Lucretia  Andrew. 
27.  Robt.  M<=Pherson  and  Mary  Walker. 
27.  James  Smith  and  Minty  Russell. 

1798. 

January    2.  Philemon  Harrington  and  Lydia  Parrott, 

3.  Cain  Da\^s  and  Nancy  Stubbs. 

6.  Able  Griffith  and  Allopia  Andrews. 

8.  Isaiah  Blades  and  Ritta  Connerly. 

9.  Jonathan  Stewart  and  ^fargaret  Walker. 

11.  Robert  Sylvester  and  Sidney  Jump. 


$42     Marriage  Lwenscs  of  Caroline  G:>.,  Maryland,  177^-1^13, 

January  11.  rurnell  Sylvester  and  Esther  Jump. 
12.  Jolin  Barwick  and  Deborah  Roe. 
16.  Moses  Boon  and  Polly  Sylvester. 

23.  Thos.  Coursey  and  Margaret  Sylvester. 
25.  Thos.  Wootters  and  Dorothy  AVillianis. 

29.  Charles  Dean  and  Sarah  Turner. 
31.  Daniel  Dukes  and  Sarah  Evitts. 

February    3.  Levin  Blades  and  Rosannah  Kelley. 

22.  James  Vinson  and  Rebeccah  Ilenly. 

27.  Jeremiah  Nicols  and  Kitty  Andrews. 
Levin  AVilliams  and  Sarah  "Wright. 

March    5.  Joshua  Listor  and  Barbary  Kid. 

7.  Henry  Hill  and  Mary  Girrald. 

15.  Peter  Rich  and  Prudence  Lane. 

22.  Alex.  Maxwell  Jr.  and  Eliza  Gibson. 

27.  William  Young  and  Eliza  Loveday. 
April  13.  Richard  Harrington  and  Mary  Casson. 

18.  Charles  White  and  Margaret  Fiddeman. 
May    8.  James  Henigatt  and  Remis  Fountain. 

15.  iSToah  Mason  and  ^Margaret  Bell. 
June    2.  William  Todd  and  Xancy  Griffith. 

12.  William  Prusk  and  Xancy  Merrick. 

13.  Nicholas  Benson  and  Mary  Ki  imam  out, 

15.  Richard  Griffith  and  Lydia . 

16.  Owen  Cooper  and  Lydia  Dwiggins. 
25.  Xehemiah  Causey  and  Ann  Pitisy. 

July    3.  Seth  Hill  Evitts  and  Rebecca  Wilson. 
20.  Lemuel  Cahee  and  Rachel  Hargadine. 

24.  Robinson  Stevens  and  Jane  Collins. 

25.  Samuel  Davidson  and  Deborah  Ross. 

28.  iS'icholas  Hopkins  and  Rebecca  Perry. 
August    2.  Cyrus  Bell  and  Sarah  Dawson. 

6.  William  Colliston  and  Sarah  Stevens. 

30.  John  Wright  and  Ann  Webb. 
September    3.  Marmaduke  Spencer  and  Sarah  Sieth. 

14.  Ross  Thompson  and  Polly  Dudley. 
"     William  Dillahay  and  Ada  Harris. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  177 j^-18 15 ,    343 

September  24.  George  Xewtner  and  Mary  Swift. 

29.  Richard  Ilandcock  and  Rebecca  Finder. 
October    1.  Peter  Wright  and  Esther  Ross. 

George  Sewell  and  Xancy  Hopkins. 

3.  William  Berridge  and  Sarah  Piterkin. 

4.  Thomas  Baker  and  Rebecca  Andrews. 

16.  Thomas  Gannon  and  Sarah  Harper. 

17.  Thomas  Pearson  and  Peggy  Lane. 

23.  James  Webber  and  Mary  Farrowfield. 

24.  Owen  Boon  and  Elizabeth  Robinson. 

27.  Cornelius  Towers  and  Elizabeth  Carmine. 
"     Nathan  Bourke  aiid  Sarah  Noling. 

!N^ovember    5.  Edward  Swift  and  Hannah  Boon. 

13.  Thomas  Bartlett  and  Biddy  Prince. 

19.  William  Black  and  Elizabeth  Lyon, 

28.  William  Harris  and  Elizabeth  Carter. 
December    4.  John  Towers  and  Elizabeth  Stubbs. 

6.  Thomas  Jewell  and  Terressa  Jester. 

18.  Samuel  Culbreth  and  Susannah  Smothers. 

19.  James  Ward  and  Lucretia  Dawson. 

19.  James  Breeding  and  Anna  Gibson. 

20.  James  Hunter  and  Deborah  Harvey. 
26.  John  Gary  and  Hester  Whitby. 

28.  Thomas  Bartlete  and  Mary  Eaton. 
31.  James  Jones  and  Rachel  Clarke. 

1799. 

January    4.  Peter  Jump  and  Mary  Jump. 

"    John  Lane  and  Elizabeth  Manship. 
"    Thimias  Withgatt  and  Elizabeth  Orera. 
8.  William  Young  and  Henrietta  Montigue. 

Andrew  Beachamp  and  Fanny  Eaton. 

Isaac  Lee  and  Ann  Stidham. 

15.  John  Knots  and  Cynthia  Gouty. 

"     William  A.  Cooper  and  Ann  George. 

16.  Thomas  Kidd  and  Lydia  Manship. 

22.  James  Hubbard  and  Charlotte  Breeding. 


.344     Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Mar>/lan<f,  177^-lSlo. 

January  22.  Thomas  Wing  and  Sarali  Duhadaway. 
"    Jesse  Turner  and  Elizabeth  Ewing. 
23-  James  Harrison  and  Alice  Delahay. 

William  Emerson  and  Dorothy  AVaddell. 
28.  Solomon  ^Tinner  and  Rebecca  Herd. 
John  Richardson  and  Susan  E\\'ing. 
February    1.  William  Gray  and  Xancy  Jump. 
"    Moses  Cohe  and  Sarah  Maltee. 
4.  William  Manship  and  Xancy  Thorp. 
6.  Arthur  Travers  and  Xancy  Rich. 

11.  James  Barwick  and  Xancy  Roe. 
13.  Thos.  Ilardcastle  and  Sarah  Pearce. 
19.  Wm.  Satterfield  and  Elizabeth  Mark. 

"    Andrew  Peters  and  Mary  Ann  Breeding. 

26.  James  Price  and  Ann  Kenton. 
William  B.  Whitby  and  Sarah  Boon. 

March    6.  William  Loftas  and  Elizabeth  Mounticue. 

12.  Isaac  Chance  and  Sarah  Chance. 
Flemming  and  Araminta  Willis. 

13.  Xathan  Russell  and  Xancy  Sparkes. 
21.  George  Price  and  Xancy  Dwiggins. 

27.  James  Russum  and  Deborah  Plummer. 
April     9.  Edward  Fountain  and  Fanny  Bent. 

19.  Sewell  Handy  and  Harriott  Hutchings. 
23.  William  Bradley  and  Esther  Cooper. 
30.  Robert  Marshall  and  Xancy  Cohee. 

May  13.  Solomon  Bartlett  and  Mary  Xunam. 
June    1.  Joseph  Price  and  Sarah  Bordley. 
21.  John  Blunt  and  Sarah  Malony. 

25.  Zebulon  Hopkins  and  Sarah  Barwick. 

26.  William  Hopkins  and  Anna  Lyden. 

27.  John  Eagle  and  Sarah  Townsend. 
July    4.  Turburt  Kern  and  Hester  Hynson. 

20.  Clemont  Wheelen  and  Peggy  Starky. 

26.  James  Corrie  and  Mary  Downes. 

27.  Edgar  Andrew  and  Anna  Wright. 
August    4.  Edward  Barwick  and  Sarah  Jump. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  QiroUnc  Cb.,  Maryland^  1774-1S15.     345 

August  14.  Bcnjaiiiin  Roe  and  Betsy  Bodficld. 
26.  Robert  Peters  and  Tamsey  Eaton. 
"    Richard  Lydeu  and  Betsey  Fountain. 
Scplember    3.  James  Stevans  and  Mary  Dillon. 

24.  Zebcdee  AMiiteley  and  Esther  AVright. 
'•    William  Lucas  and  Sarah  Hubbard. 
26.  Anderton  Carmine  and  Elizabeth  Fisher. 

October    2.  John  Russam  and  Ann . 

17.  John  Smoot  and  Elizabeth  Douglass. 
21.  John  Moore  and  Sarah  Fleharty. 
November     7.  John  'SI.  Beath  and  Elizabeth  Whiteley. 

9.  Emory  Sylvester  and  Tilly  Blunt. 
December    2.  Francis  Mastin  and  Rebecca  Farrele. 
3.  Nicholas  Stubbs  and  ISTaucy  Pattison. 
10.  James  Thowley  and  Mary  Porter. 
12.  Joseph  Cromean  and  Polly  Malcom. 

16.  Cain  Andrew  and  Sarah  AVillis. 

17.  Elijah  Strodley  and  Lydia  Minner. 
23.  Solomon  Swanu  and  Sarah  Teat. 

Jabez  Caldwell  and  Sarah  Hardcastle. 
Thomas  Saulsbury  and  Xancy  Downes. 

(To  be  continued.) 


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Notes  cold  Queries.  375 


NOTES  AND   QUEKIES. 

IRotes. 

LETTER   OF   GOVEKXOR  JOHX   PeXN.-  ^^^^^^^^  ^^  ^^  ^^^ 

Dear  Sir 

A  f 
from 


A  sliip  bound  from  Amsterdam  to  Phil  add  pliia  having  put  in  here, 
;.om  the  Downs  in  distre.-s,  gives  me  an  opportunity  of  writing  you  a 
few  lines  to  ask  vou  how  vou  do,  &  I  hope  my  letter  will  find  you  well. 
We  have  been  here  a  fortuieht  for  the  sake  of  Sea  Bathing  &  Peggy 
Allen  who  is  a  pretty  genteel  girl  is  with  us.     Mr.  &  :^rrs.  Delaneey  & 
their  family  are  here  also.     The  view  of  the  coast  ot  I-  ranee  &  tne 
Downs  where  there  are  always  a  great  many  vessels,  &  a  number  cou- 
tinuallv  going  to  &  coming  from  London  make  it  very  amusing  &  the 
country-  about  Kamsgate  is\-ery  pleasant  where  we  often  take  ainns^  in 
the  morning  &  sometime3  go  to  Margate  which  is  only  tour  miles  from 
hence      I  generallv  take  a  walk  every  morning  to  the  harbour  which 
puts  me  in  mind  of  our  travels  along  the  wharves  at  Phil^  &  though  I 
do  not  see  quite  as  manv  sail  a-s  there,  yet  by  turning  my  eye  to  the 
Downs  I  am  amply  rewarded  by  a  prodigious  number  that  lay  at  anclior 
there      The  Island  of  Thanet  in  which  this  place  is  situated  likewise 
aflbrds  great  amusement  for  an  antiquary,  there  being  several  spots  m  it 
famous  for  the  battles  that  were  fought  between  the  Danes  &  Saxons  & 
the  remains  of  a  Koman  Castle  near  Sandwich  about  six  miles  from 
hence,  which  was  the  station  of  Julius  Casar's  ships  when  he  invaded 
Britain      But  as  your  new  Government  must  now  take  place,  undoubt- 
edly your  country  will  far  surpass  this,  a.s  the  arts  &  Sciences  &  every- 
thing  that  is  polite  &  elegant  will  find  place  amongst  you  &  this  poor 
little  spot  will   have  nothing   but   to   envy   your  growing  greatness; 
tbouf^h  I  cannot  find  anybody  who  trouble   themselves   much   more 
about  you  than  if  vou  did  not  exist  &  in  general  it  is  thought  America 
is  no  great  loss  to  this  Country,     The  account  of  your  grand  Procession 
headed  by  Major  Pancake  afforded  matter  of  ridicule  &  Laughter  to 
manv  people  in  this  small  though  great  Island  &  notwithstanding  you 
are  so  very  hi^h  there  I  find  vou  are  considered  in  a  very  low  light 
here      However  I  wish  the  country  well  &  shall  be  happy  to  hear  of 
the  good  effects  this  new  Plan  of  Government  may  produce  amongst 
you  &  if  by  this  means  vou  can  place  men  of  honor  &  sense  at  the  head 
of  your  particular  Governments,   you  may  in  time  retrieve  your  lost 
credit  &  reputation  in  Europe,  which  I  am  sorry  to  say  is  at  present 
very  low  indeed.     Mrs.   Penn  has  just  received  a  letter  from  Peggy 
which  she  will  answer  soon  &  begs  her  love  to  her&  all  the  family,     i 
beg  also  to  be  remembered  to  all  the  family  and  am 
Dear  Sir 

Yours  affectionately 

JOHX  PE:«f 

Captain  Samuel  Culbertson,  1776.— Among  the  Family  Papers 
of  Mr.  Samuel  Eea  is  the  following  bill  of  his  great-grandfather,  Cap- 


876  Notes  mid  Qucrks. 

tain  Samuel  Culbertson,  of  Fifth  Battalion  Cumberland  County  Associ- 
ators,  Colonel  James  Armstrong  : 

The  Hon-ki-e  Contixental  Congress 

'^J.^gf  •  To   RiCllD  JAC0R5,  Dr. 

To  44  meals  Dyet  for  my  Company  of  the  fifth 
Battalion  of  malitia  ofl' Cumberland  County,  on 
their  march  To  Trenton  certitied  f^ 

Saml  Culbertsox,  Capt. 

Robert  Bell's  Book-Store  was  located  at  the  southeast  corner  ot 
Third  and  Pear  Streets.  The  building  was  taken  down  in  1S42.  It 
had  formerly  been  occupied  by  the  Union  Library  Company,  Bell  was 
a  Scotchman,  sold  books  and  held  book  auctions  ;  he  also  kept  a  circu- 
lating library,  "  where  sentimentalists,  whether  ladies  or  gentlemen 
may  become  readers  by  subscribing  for  one  month,  or  three  months, 
or  by  agreement  for  a  single  book."  On  his  sign  he  announced  "Jew- 
els and  Diamonds  for  Sentimentalists."  The  building  later  came  into 
possession  of  the  Corporation  of  Christ  Church,  and  was  occupied  for 
school  purposes.  X, 

The  Historical  Society  of  Pen-nsylyania,— The  frontispiece 
of  the  present  number  of  The  Pexnsylva^tia  Magazine  of  History 
AND  Biography  represents  the  "Assembly  Hall"  of  The  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania  just  before  the  improvements  now  in  progress 
were  commenced. 

On  Tuesday  afternoon  May  24,  1904,  his  Excellency  S.  W.  Penny- 
packer,  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  and  President  of  The  Historical 
Society,  in  the  presence  of  a  large  number  of  ladies  and  gentlemen, 
members  of  the  Society  and  invited  guests,  broke  ground  for  the  new 
fire-proof  building  of  the  Society.  Hon.  "Wayne  JlcVeagh,  ex-United 
States  Attorney-General,  acted  as  chairman,  and  Hon.  John  "Weaver, 
Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  Major  W.  H.  Lambert,  and  "William  Drayton, 
Esq.,  made  remarks.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  ceremonies  a  luncheon 
was  served.  The  Building  Committee  consists  of  John  F.  Lewis,  Esq., 
Chairman,  Hon.  S.  "W.  Pennypacker,  Hon.  James  T.  Mitchell,  Colonel 
William  Brooke  Rawle,  Major  W.  H.  Lambert,  Colonel  John  P.  Nich- 
olson, Edward  Robins,  and  William  Drayton. 

Letter  of  Colonel  Richard  Butler,  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Line. — The  original  of  the  following  interesting  letter  is  in  the 
Archive  Department  of  the  State  Library,  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania : 

Camp  Valley  Forgk,  .2Gth.  March  1778. 

Sir 

'It  is  with  pain  I  sit  down  to  address  your  Excellency  at  a  time  that  I 
am  Sencible  your  mind  is  taken  up  in  the  many  Calls  of  Your  Country 
that  demand  your  Care  &  Particular  Attention — but  I  think  I  should  be 
wanting  in  the  trust  you  have  reposed  in  me,  were  I  to  neglect  leting 
you  know  the  wants  of  the  Regt.  I  have  the  hour,  to  Command  in  the 
Service  of  ye  States  ;  I  find  Sir  that  the  men  are  good  and  Can  be  much 
depended  on  as  brave  Soldiers,  and  that  nothing  but  their  Naked  Sittu- 


Nolcs  and  Quenes.  377 

htioii  induces  any  of  tlicm  to  Leave  rae,  the  want  of  Cloathing  is  the 
fiP't  tiling  that  makes  A  Soldier  think  little  of  himself,  the  want  of  Pay, 
^  rrovi^^sions  Irregularly  serv'd.  will  make  him  Uneasy,  but  that  is  not 
tiie  Case  with  these,  (they  are  well  paid  &  fed,)  theiefore  I  think  had  I 
Cloathing  for  them  I  would  Venture  to  Vouch  for  their  Conduct  both 
a»  to  their  bravery  &  fidelity,  aud  am  Certain  it  would  be  very  Condu- 
cive to  their  health.  I  am  Sorry  to  Inform  your  Excellency  that  there 
has  not  been  A  blanket  to  five  men  through  the  whole  winter,  and  the 
Cliief  of  them  but  one  Shirt,  aud  many  none,'  (Indeed  I  may  almost  say 
with  Sir  John  Falstatfone  &  a  half  to  A  Compy.)  this  your  Excellency 
may  depend  is  the  case,  but  I  will  do  my  Endeavour  to  keep  them  to- 
gether, and  nurse  them  as  well  as  I  Can,  in  hopes  your  Excellency  and 
the  Supreme  Council  will  aflbrd  me  Relief  as  soon  as  Possible,  Shall 
hope  the  honor  of  a  line  on  the  Subject  as  it  will  give  great  weight  to 
my  Assertions  of  speedy  Relief 

I  Remain  With  the  Most  Profound  Respect 

Your  Eicellencys  most  Obedt.  &  very  Humble 
Servt, 

RiCHD.  Butler  Col  9th.  P.  Regt. 

His  Excellency  Goyerxor  Wharton. 


RoDERT  Proud,  the  Tutor  and  Histoeian. — The  following  bio- 
graphical notes  of  Robert  Proud,  the  author  of  "  History  of  Pennsylva- 
nia," are  extracted  from  the  Bucks  County  Patriot  of  182G: 

"  Robert  Proud  I  was  well  acquainted  with,  for  more  than  the  last 
thirty  years  of  his  life  ;  and  am,  perhaps,  one  of  the  only  persons  now 
living  to  whom  he  related  his  biography.  He  was  a  large,  majestic 
English  gentleman,  always  neatly  dressed  in  their  mode  :  he  wore  a 
large  grey  wig,  and  a  hat  half  sprung.  He  had  received  a  collegiate 
education  in  the  languages,  mathematics  and  medicine,  and  began  life 
with  flattering  expectations.  But,  as  he  expressed  it,  the  wind  always 
blew  in  his  face — that  he  failed  in  business  and  was  disappointed  in 
love.  Mortifiea,  he  determined  to  turn  his  back  upon  the  world,  and 
having  but  his  learning  to  depend  on  for  bread,  and  always  of  a  serious 
turn  of  mind,  he  resolved  to  join  the  Quakers  and  emigrate  to  Penn- 
sylvania. In  Philadelphia,  for  thirty  years,  he  taught  in  the  Friends' 
Latin  and  Greek  School.  From  old  wounds  learning  to  guard  against 
the  shafts  of  Cupid,  he  never  married.  .   .   . 

"  Robert  Proud  was  supposed  to  have  injured  his  health  by  too  sed- 
entary' a  life  in  his  school  and  collecting  the  material  for  his  history. 
He  was  advised  to  resign  his  school  and  take  more  exercise  and  fresh 
air,  and  his  history  was  written  after  life  declined.   ..." 


Private  Thomas  Boyd's  Account  of  his  SItfferings  while 
A  Prisoner  of  War  in  the  City  of  New  York,  1776. — Boyd 
enlisted  in  the  company  of  Captain  Gilbert  Gibbs  (William  AVallace 
was  then  second  lieutenant).  Eighth  Battalion  Chester  County  Asso- 
ciators,  Colonel  Patterson  Bell,  and  was  captured  at  Fort  Washington. 
The  original  manuscript,  in  the  handwriting  of  Rev.  John  Carmichael, 
was  presented  to  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  by  Simon 
Gratz,  Esq. 


378  Notes  and  Queries. 

Thomas  Boyd  of  the  Township  of  Wc>t  Cain  in  tlie  County  of 
Chester  in  Penusylvaniii,  Freeholder,  having  from  a  Sincere  rei^ard  to 
the  interest  of  America  entered  himself  a  private  Soldier  in  Captain 
Wallace's  Company  of  the  Flying  Camp  and  having  the  misfortune  of 
being  made  a  prisoner  with  the  rest  of  our  Troops  that  were  taken  at  Fort 
Washington  ;  &  being  now  called  to  evidence  on  Solemn  oath  what 
treatment  he  &  the  re>t  of  his  fellow  prisoners  received  from  the  Enemy 
while  in  their  power  in  New  York  doth  say  as  foUoweth. 

That  early  on  the  fatal  Saturday  they  were  taken  prisoners  they  eat 
their  Breaktast  and  from  that  time  until  the  Tuesday  following  about 
eleven  o'clock  A.M.  neither  himself  or  any  of  his  fellow  prisoners  to 
his  knowledge  received  the  least  crum  of  any  kind  of  sort  to  put  in  their 
mouths  from  the  Enemy.  That  they  were  of  prisoners  put  in  one 
Church,  to  the  best  of  his  Judgment  between  Six  &  Seven  hundred  ;  that 
at  the  time  above  said  they  received  three  Days  Rations — their  bread 
was  in  his  opinion  the  dirty  crumbs  &  Sweepings  of  old  mouldy  biscuits  ; 
about  three  pints  of  which,  or  six  biscuits  if  they  received  their  bread 
in  whole  biscuits  with  about  four  ounces  of  beef  or  pork— a  pint  of 
good  peas,  one  ounce  of  butter — a  gill  of  rice — this  was  their  Starving 
all  of  allowances  per  man  for  three  days — that  once  they  were  served 
with  good  biscuit  and  once  with  good  loaf  to  raise  their  apitite  to  Starve 
with  the  keener  sensation  of  hunger — that  they  were  obliged  to  do  with 
their  wretched  allowance  four  days  instead  of  three,  being  always  cheated 
one  day  of  any  rations  each  time.  That  when  in  this  Starving  condi- 
tion they  were  allowed  no  Straw  or  hay  to  lay  on  or  any  fuel  to  warm 
them  or  cook  their  meat,  but  one  cart  load  of  wood  per  week  for  them 
all.  That  the  English  officers  Sensible  of  our  extreme  necessity  came 
into  the  Church  to  'list  such  as  Soldiers  into  bloody  Howe's  barbarous 
Army. 

But  the  officers  of  the  Tyrant  not  meeting  with  the  success  they  ex- 
pected their  after  usage  if  possible  was  more  barbarous.  That  for  using 
some  boards  of  the  floor  of  the  Church  for  fuel  they  were  barbarously 
flogged,  that  to  increase  their  wretchedness  they  w^ere  not  allowed  a 
proper  place  to  ease  nature — that  now  the  officers  as  before  read  Howe's 
proclimation  preferred  pardon  &  protection  and  ready  money  to  'list  in 
their  diabolical  Service.  We  were  vexed  to  see  any  so  dastardly  as  to 
accept  the  offer  as  some  mean  Souls  did,  but  thanks  to  Heaven  the  bulk 
of  us  chose  to  perish  rather  than  prostitute  our  conscience  in  the  Service 
of  the  Emissary  of  the  Prince  of  Darkness. 

That  now  the  prisoners  dying  in  great  numbers  every  day  and  a 
certain  Sergeant  of  the  English  Army  coming  to  take  every  morning 
the  number  of  the  dead  the  past  24  hours  would  as  the  number  was 
given  reply  very  cheerfully,  "Very  well,  good  riddance  of  so  many 
Eebels — hoped  in  that  manner  to  be  soon  rid  of  them."  That  some 
were  carried  away,  and  one  in  particular  thrown  with  the  dead  in  the 
pit  before  he  was  dead. 

This  Deponent  firmly  believes  that  as  they  were  put  into  that  Church 
in  the  same  wretched  Situation  they  were  taken  prisoners  without  their 
blankets  or  any  part  of  their  baggage  or  clothes  or  linens  to  change 
them,  and  then  meeting  such  unheard  of  barbarous  usage,  those  who 
died  there  and  since,  which  is  alas  the  most  of  them  perished  with  cold 
and  hunger. 


Notes  and  Quaies.  379 

Letter  of  Eev.  Frakcts  Alison,  1776. — 

I>HILAD*-  August  y  20,  ITTo. 

Cozes  Robert 

I  received  yours  dated  at  Ty  July  y'  SO'*"  by  Dr.  Stringer,  but  had  not 
V*  pleasure  of  yours  of  y*  fourth  of  July  by  Lieutouent  Bartielson,  nor 
do  I  know  where  he  lives.  I  was  from  y^  first  to  y°  fourteenth  of  Au!::ust 
in  New  London,  y'  mother  it  brother  «.t  friends  there  are  all  well  ;  she 
lives  where  you  left  her,  &  they  are  provided  pretty  well  in  hay  for  their 
Cattle  this  approaching  winter.  Benjamin  must  be  with  you  before 
this  conies  to  hand,  as  he  is  appointed  Surgeon  [torn']  Battalion  & 
Frank  is  now  with  a  Battalion  of  the  Militia  from  New  Loudon  [fornl 
their  Physician  &  Surgeon,  &:  lies  at  y*  new  blazing  star  at  Stateu 
Lsland.  llorn']  sent  you  a  News  paper,  but  the  news  are  hardly  worth 
y'  notice,  they  are  [i'ar«]  changing,  &  still  fresh  news  destroy  y^  taste  of 
what  we  had  last.  We  have  a  Conv  [enjtion  of  about  90  persons  elected 
out  of  every  county  in  y'  Province  to  form  a  new  constitution.  They 
have  formd  a  bill  of  Rights;  that  is  in  y*  main  pretty  well;  but  they 
seem  hardly  equal  to  y^  Task  to  form  a  new  plan  of  Government. 
Nothing  is  yet  determin'd  finally,  but  the  assembly  is  to  make  all  laws 
without  any  check  from  y^  Governor  &  counsel ;  They  propose  to  have 
a  Counsil  to  be  chosen  yearly  and  a  Governor  or  a  president,  who  shall 
execute  the  laws  and  appoint  all  officers,  magistrates,  Judges  &o,  & 
these  shall  continue  no  longer  than  tive  years  without  a  new  appoint- 
ment ;  These  are  some  of  the  outlines,  &  some  are  for  laying  aside  all 
our  present  laws,  &  making  a  few  plain  simple  easy  ones  ;  others  are  for 
keej)ing  the  present  laws,  with  some  alterations ;  They  are  mostly 
honest  well  meaning  Country  men,  Mho  are  employed  ;  but  intirely  un- 
acquainted with  such  high  matters.  Our  fears  &  prayers  &  our  whole 
attention  is  to  our  army  at  New  York.  The  Militia  of  this  Province  & 
Maryland  are  marching  well  armd,  <fe  with  great  spirits  to  New  York, 
&  Jersey ;  but  are  raw  &  undisciplined,  &  too  rash  &  self  confident,  & 
secure,  for  which  I  fear  that  they  will  suffer. 

I  am  sorry  for  y'  hard  campaine,  but  hope  y*  you  will  wether  it,  &  y' 
Military  skill  &  reputation  will  rise  in  proportion  to  y'  dangers  &  sufTer- 
ings.  I  am  glad  y'  you  were  advanced  to  be  a  lieutenant,  &  would 
rejoice  to  hear  y'  you  were  a  Cap*  if  I  can  serve  you  this  way,  depend 
on  it.  I  do  not  expect  y' you  can  be  recalled  till  y"^  time  be  up,  &  if  after 
this,  if  you  can  serve  to  advantage  elsewhere,  I  wish  you  would  do  it. 
You  will  uow  get  fresh  provisions  &  better  fare  &  I  hope  [torit]  all 
recover  your  health  &  spirits.  Blaney  Alison  is  mate  in  a  Itoni']  ;  & 
John  Alison  y'  Uncle  John's  son  is  gone  in  a  Maryland  Battalion,  [torn'] 
York,  so  that  many  of  my  friends  are  in  y^  contest,  I  pray  God  to  pre- 
serve [torn]  Your  aunt  &  cousins  Join  in  love  to  you,  which  please  to 
accept  from  y'  friend  &  Uncle 

Fra:  Alison. 

Society  of  United  Bowmen.— The  United  States  Gazette  of  Sep- 
tember 10,  1S35,  contains  the  following  account  of  an  anniversary  cele- 
bration by  the  United  Bowmen  : 

Yesterday  was  the  anniversary  of  the  company  of  "  United  Bow- 
Men,"  which  holds  its  charter  from  the  ancient  company  in  England, 
that  traces  its  line  of  existence  almost  to  the  merry  days  of  the  hero  of 
Sherwood  forest. 


380  Notes  and  Queries. 

According  to  the  custom  of  the  company,  cards  of  invitation  were 
issued,  and  between  3  and  4  o'clock,  the  gueists  assembled  to  the  nunilicr 
of  about  twelve  hundred,  at  the  elegant  seat  of  Mr.  Xorris,  on  Turner's 
Lane.  Nearly  two  hundred  carriages  were  ranged  along  the  lane,  ard 
in  the  extensive  avenue  to  the  mansion. 

From  the  east  side  of  the  extensive  lawn  in  front  of  the  house,  wa.s 
separated  by  extended  lines,  au  area  about  fifty  yards  wide  by  one  hun- 
dred and_  twenty  long,  for  the  exercises  of  the'  13owmen.  Midway  on 
the  east  side  of  the  area,  was  erected  a  very  handsome  marquee,  in  wliich 
was  Johnson's  admirable  band  of  mtisic.  Opposite  that  tent,  on  the 
west  side  of  the  area,  was  a  table  most  tastefully  decorated,  upon  which 
were  placed  the  premiums  ;  and  without  the  line,  on  the  north  and  the 
west  side,  wore  seats  for  the  ladies,  who  watched  with  earnestness  the 
movements  of  the  archers.  Among  the  company  were  representations 
of  all  the  liberal  protessions,  and  all  classes  of  citizens  who  had  leisure 
and  taste  for  such  enjoyment.  Some  of  the  young  ladies  and  gentlemen 
kindly  gave  up  their  places  of  advantage  to  their  seniors,  and  we  wished 
them  pleasant  strolls  as  they  paired  oft"  along  the  delightful  walks  of  the 
place.     ITow  thoughtftil  thus  to  give  place  to  the  old. 

The  gentlemen  of  the  Company  wore  their  uniform,  which  consisted 
of  green  frock  coats,  trimmed  with  gold,  with  au  arrow  on  their  collars, 
white  pantaloons  pud  green  caps  ;  pendant  to  a  black  leathern  girdle 
were  the  appliances  of  their  craft.  Their  bows  were  truly  beatitiful, 
and  the  arrows  were  of  the  most  approved  shape  and  finish.  '  The  taigets 
were  placed  near  each  extremity  of  the  area,  the  sporting  distance  being 
eighty  yards.  The  company  was  divided  into  two  classes — each  class 
was  ranged  near  its  own  target,  and  one  member  of  each  stepjied  for- 
ward, and  both  discharged  their  arrows  at  the  opposite  targets  ;  these 
then  stepped  aside  and  another  two  came  forward— and  thus  till  all  had 
discharged  their  arrows.  Xear  each  target  shot  at  stood  a  neatly  dressed 
lad,  with  silk  flags  in  his  hat,  and  as  an  arrow  struck  the  target,  he 
waved  a  flag  of  the  color  of  the  circle  hit.  The  bowmen  would  march, 
to  the  sound  of  music,  in  file  to  the  opposite  extremity,  gather  up  their 
arrows,  and  the  captain  of  the  target,  Mr.  Krumbhaar,  mark  upon  a 
card  the  number  which  the  members  had  gained.  The  centre,  or  gold 
spot  counting  nine  and  each  ring  counting  two  less,  as  one  receded  from 
the  centre.  The  two  lads,  with  their  flags,  moved  always  towards  the 
target  opposite  the  bowmen.  Whenever'an  arrow  struck  the  centre  or 
gold  spot,  the  band  gave  a  flourish  with  their  trumpets. 

As  time  for  closing  the  contest  drew  near,  it  was  evident  that  the 
.ladies  had  taken  an  interest  in  the  proceedings,  and  they  were  anxious 
to  learn  the  result — to  know  who  were  to  receive  the  splendid  premiums. 
The  contest  was  close,  ajid  the  difference  between  the  few  who  gained 
and  the  many  who  missed,  was  very  small. 

The  first  premium  was  the  companies'  "bowl" — a  massive  silver 
vessel,  weighing  150  ounces,  bearing  various  devices  and  inscriptions, 
and  receiving  from  each  yearl;/  holder  some  additional  ornament.  This 
is  held  for  one  year  only.  The  other  premiums  are  retained  by  the 
winners. 

The  second  premium  was  a  handsome  silver  arrow,  to  bear  the  winner's 
name,  date,  and  the  inscription,  secundus  hoc  contentus  abito. 

The  third  motto  [sic]  was  a  handsome  silver  wassail  cup,  the  stem 
representing  a  quiver. 


Notes  and  Queries.  381 

When  the  tally  card  was  reckoned  up,  the  preiuiums  were  thu3 
awarded  by  the  captain  of  the  target,  with  a  suitable  address. 

First  Premium,  the  Company's  bowl,  to  Fkaxkmn  Peale — 37 
shots,  counting  1-14. 

Second  Premium  to  S.  P.  Griffitts,  jr. — 33  shots,  counting  129. 

Third  Premium  to  W.  H.  \V.  Darley.  This  premium  is  given 
for  the  arrow  placed  nearest  to  the  centre  of  the  target  without  any 
reference  to  the  number  previously  gained.  It  was  obtained  by  Mr.  1), 
at  the  last  shot  in  the  afternoon. 

The  company  was  delighted  with  the  place  and  the  means  of  enjoy- 
ment ;  and  when  some  observed,  that  in  a  single  round  there  had  been 
several  misses,  we  heard  a  young  lady  archly  observe,  that  there  were 
more  "misses"  than  hits.  She  did  less  than  justice  to  the  fair  ])art  of 
the  comi)any.  "We  are  too  old  to  talk  about  such  things,  but  v/e  have 
good  reason  to  believe  that  the  united  company  were  not  the  only  bow- 
men of  the  afternoon. 

"We  are  sure  that  we  express  the  feelings  of  the  very  numerous  and 
highly  respectable  guests,  when  we  refer  with  grateful  pleasure  to  the 
liberal  courtesy  of  the  United  Bowmen,  and  to  their  arrangements  for 
the  entire  accommodation  of  those  who  witnessed  their  elegant  and 
healthful  exercises. 

Extracts  from  the  Orderly-Book  of  Lieutexa>-t  "William 
Torry,  Second  Massachusetts  Infantry,  1779. — Captain  A.  A. 
Folsom,  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Conipany  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  contributes  the  following  Orders  relative  to  Pennsylvania 
officers,  extracted  from  the  Orderly-Book  of  Lieutenant  Torry.  William 
Torry  was  born  October  30,  1751,  at  Plymouth,  and  died  October  22, 
1828,  at  Hanover.  Twenty-three  of  his  Orderly-Books,  when  he  was 
adjutant  of  the  Second  Massachusetts  Infantry,  have  been  preserved, 
and  are  owned  by  his  grandson  Benjamin  B.  Torry,  of  Boston. 

Head  Quarters  Sept.  21«  1779. 

The  General  C.  Martial  whereof  Colonel  Putnam  is  President  is 
dissolved  &  another  Ordered  to  set  tomorrow  morn'g  Nine  O  Clock,  for 
the  Tryal  of  all  Persons  that  shall  be  brought  before  them.  Colo.  Brad- 
ford to  Preside.  Pens'  Connecticut  and  Mary'^  Line  give  each  a  Lieut. 
Colo,  or  Major  and  two  Captains,  and  the  Garrison  three  Cap'^  for 
Members. 

At  the  G.  C.  Martial  whereof  Colo.  Putnam  was  President  Colo. 
Rich'*  Butler  was  Try'd  upon  the  following  charges.  1='  for  Endeavor- 
ing to  Excite  the  Soldiers  of  Cap'  Ashmead's  Comp-''  to  Mutiny  by 
ordering  the  Non  Com'*  officers  Not  to  obey  any  Orders  of  his  (Caj)' 
Ashmead's)  2'*  for  treating  Cap'  Ashmead  in  an  unprecedented  and  un- 
officer-like  Manner  by  refusing  him  Liberty  to  wait  on  Gen'  Wayne  to 
complain  of  111  treatment,  and  seek  redress,  and.  sending  him  under 
Guard,  from  the  Light  Inf^  Camp  to  West  Point,  after  having  received 
Colo.  Stewart's  Orders,  to  go  to  the  Light  Inf^  and  take  the  Com"  of  his 
(Capt.  Ashmead's)  Company. 

The  Court  are  of  Opinion  that  Colo.  Butler  is  Not  Guilty  of  the  first 
Charge,  they  do  acquit  him  of  refusing  Cap'  Ashmead  Liberty  to  wait 
on  Gen'  Wayne,  to  complain  of  111  treatment,  and  seek  redress.  They 
are  of  opinion  that  Colo.  Butler,  was  not  Justifiable  in  sending  Cap' 


382  Notes  and  Queries. 

Ashmearl  from  the  Light  Inf-''  to  West  Point,  being  a  breach  of  Article 
5'"  Section  18'"  of  the  Articles  of  War,  and  do  Sentence  Him  to  be  rep- 
remanded  by  the  Comd'^  Oilicer  of  the  Light  Infantry. 

The  Command''  in  Chief  approves  the  Sentence,  and  directs  it  to  be 
carried  into  Execution,  at  the  same  time  he  thinks  Colo.  Butlers 
conduct  Blameable  in  not  admitting  Capt.  Asliaiead  to  see  Gen'  Wavne, 
unless  he  would  engage  to  comply  with  a  condition,  which  Colo.  Butler 
had  the  Right  to  annex.  Nor  was  there  ;iny  Need  of  such  a  Condition, 
as  there  were  always  Proper  means  of  enforcing  discipline,  if  Cap* 
Ashmead  after  applying  to  Gen'  Wayne  had  Persisted  in  refractory  Be- 
haviour to  Prevent  any  misunderstanding  in  fuiure. 

Head  Quakters,  IS*  Oct.  1779. 

Parole,  iSuUiva?i.     C  Sign,  Success  Seneca. 

Brigadier  tomorrow,  Gen.  Irvine. 

The  Commander  in  Chief  is  Happy  in  the  Opportunity  of  Congratu- 
lating the  Army,  on  the  further  Success,  by  advices  just  received.  Col" 
Broadhead  with  the  Continental  Troops  under  his  command,  and  a  body 
of  Militia,  and  Volunteers,  has  penetrated  about  ISO  J^Iiles  into  the 
Indian  Country,  lying  on  the  Allegheny  river,  burnt  Ten  of  the  Munccy 
and  Seneca  Towns  in  that  Quarter,  containing  1G5  Houses,  destroyed  all 
their  Fields  of  Corn,  computed  to  Comprehend  500  acres  ;  obliging  the 
Savages  to  flee  before  him  with  the  greatest  Precipitation,  and  to 
leave  behind  them  many  Skins  and  other  articles  of  value.  The  only 
opposition  the  Savages  ventur'd  to  give  our  Troops  on  this  occasion,  was 
near  Cusenshing  about  40  of  their  Warriors  on  their  way  to  commit 
Barbarities  on  our  frontier  Settlers,  were  met  thereby  Lieut.  Harden  of 
the  8^  Penna.  Reg'  at  the  Head  of  one  of  our  advanced  Parties  com- 
posed of  23  Men  of  which  eight  were  of  our  Friends  of  the  Delaware 
Nation,  who  immediately  attacked  the  Savages  and  put  them  to  route 
■with  the  loss  of  five  killed  on  the  spot  and  all  of  their  Canoes,  Blankets, 
Shirts,  and  Provisions,  of  which  (as  is  usual  for  them  when  going  into 
action),  they  had  divested  themselves,  and  also  of  several  Arms — two  of 
our  Men  and  one  of  our  Delaware  friends  very  slightly  wounded  in  the 
action,  which  was  the  only  damage  we  Sustained  in  the  Enterprise. 

The  activity,  Perseverance,  and  Firmness,  which  marked  the  Conduct 
of  Colo.  Broadhead,  and  that  of  all  the  Officers,  and  men  of  every 
description  in  the  Expedition,  do  them  the  greatest  honor  and  their 
Services  justly  Intitle  them  to  the  thanks,  and  to  this  Testimonial  of 
the  Gen''  acknowledgments. 


Letter  or  General  Akthony  Wayne  to  John  Armstrong 
Esq.  (contributed  by  Frederick  Schober). — 

Headqcaeters  Gbeenvillk  lr><^  May,  179-1. 
Dear  Sir. 

I  have  to  acknowdedge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  26""  ultimo, 
which  I  should  have  done  sooner  but  for  want  of  time.  I  sincerely 
wish  that  you  had  continued  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  be- 
cause I  have  always  entertained  a  high  opinion  of  your  military  abilities 
even  when  a  subaltern  in  the  late  war. 

At  and  before  the  time  of  your  resignation  [obliterated]  Majority, 
on  the  27'*'  of  November  1792,  vice  Major  Beatty,  which  vacancy  was 


Notes  and  Qua-ies.  383 

to  have  been  filled  bv  you,  "  if  acquitted,"  but  as  you  were  in  arrest, 
uo  nomination  v.-as  made  by  the  President. 

How  for,  or  whether  your  resignation  (under  the  then  existing  circum- 
stances) will  operate  in"  any  degree  against  your  receiving  the  pay  and 
emoluments  of  a  Major,  from  that  day  until  the  day  of  your  resignation, 
I  am  not  competent  "to  judge,  that  business  can  only  be  determined  at 
the  War  Oflice,  where  I  must  beg  leave  to  refer  you.  The  Secretary 
of  War  is  in  possession  of  the  proceedings  of  your  Court  Martial,  to- 
gether with  the  copies  of  all  such  letters  :1s  passed  between  you  and 
General  Wilkinson,  upon  that  occasion,  copies  of  which  were  also 
transmitted  to  me  by  that  General  at  the  same  time. 

Were  I  to  ha/,ard"a  conjecture,  there  will  not  be  a  war  with  Britain, 
nor  do  I  at  present,  know  of  any  intention  of  withdrawing  the  Army 
from  this  country,  but  the  contrary. 

I  am  with  esteem 

Your  most  obedient 
and  very 

Humble  Servant 

Anty  Wayne. 
John  Armstrong  Esq. 

JBooft  "RotlCCS. 

A  History    of   Bethlehem,    Pennsylvania,   1741-1892,    with 

Some  Account  of  its  Founders  and  tueir  Early  Activity 

IN  America.     Bv  Rt.   Rev.   J.  Mortimer  Levering.    Bethlehem, 

1903.     8vo,  809  pp. 

A    history     of    Bethlehem    must    necessarily   include   that   of     the 

Moravian  Church    [Unitas  Fratrum]    in  Pennsylvania  ;   and  now,  after 

years  of  much  fanciful  and  erroneous  writing  has  been    indulged  in, 

relating  to  that  church  and  its  principal  seat  in  America,  we   have  at 

last  an  adequate  presentation  of   the  subject.      The  reverend   author 

spent  many  years  of  diligent  research  in  the  archives  of  his    church, 

which  abound  in  a  wealth  of  original  documentary  material,  and   his 

recognized  ability  and  learning,  with  the  strict  accuracy  for  which  his 

writings  are  notable,  make  him  the  best  fitted  to  undertake  the  work. 

Each    chapter  has   peculiar  points  of  merit,  and   the  Avork  will   long 

remain  the  standard,  as  it  is  the  first  authoritative  consideration  of  the 

history  of  the  Moravians  in  Pennsylvania.     The  volume  is  well  printed 

and  liberally  illustrated,   most  of  them  reproductions  of  rare  paintings 

and  drawings,  and,  what  the  usefulness  of  a  book  depends  in  a  large 

degree  upon,  is  well  indexed. 

The  Connecticut  Magazine,  edited  by  Francis  Trevelyan  Miller. 
The  "  Indian  number"  of  this  enterprising  quarterly,  with  its  art  cover 
and  lavishly  illustrated,  contains  many  articles  of  graphical  and  histori- 
cal worth.  "The  First  American  :  the  Indian,"  by  Mrs.  Sara  Thomson 
Kinney,  president  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  ;  "  The  Pa-ss- 
ingof  the  Red  Man,"  by  Herbert  Randall  ;  "  The  Broadening  Influences 
in  American  Education,"  by  Dr.  C.  H.  Smith,  of  Yale  ;  "The  Birth- 
place of  American  Democracy,"  by  Mrs.  John  Marshall  Holcombe  ;  and 
"  Winsted,"  by  Robert  S.  Hulbert  and  Edward  B.  Egiton,  are  of  espe- 
cial interest. 


884  ]\^ote3  and  QutTic3. 

The  Issue.  By  George  Morgan.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  Illustn>ted 
Frice,  5^1.50. 
George  .Alorgan  has  successfully  interwoven  history  and  romance  in 
his  latest  novel  "The  Issue."  Covering  a  period  of  about  thirty  vear. 
perhaps  the  most  important  of  our  countrv's  existence  his  vivid  nic' 
tures  stop  at  the  bloody  crisis  of  Gettysburg.  Mr.  Morgan  introduces 
a  comprehensive  array  of  types  characteristic  of  this  era,  among  whom 
rningle  the  historical  forms  of  Webster  and  Clav.  of  Lincoln,  Lee  and 
tae  other  great  men  who  helped  make  events.  The  book  is  esi.eciallv 
valuable  in  enabling  us,  of  another  century,  to  look  back  at  our  country- 
men of  several  generations  ago  and  see  them,  portrayed  with  <-reat 
accuracy,  under  conditions  so  diflcreut  from  the  present." 

The  Yoi-rn  of  Wasiiixgton.— In  the  April  number  of  The  Caitnn/ 
Magazine,  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell  contributes  the  first  instalment  of  his 
^T  '  ''T^«  ^outh  of  Washington,"  told  in  the  form  of  an  autr.bio^ra- 
^^^''  A  '^  unique  study,  combining  the  interest  of  historical  fact  with 
that  of  fiction,  leads  us  to  imagine  Washington  in  his  old  age  recording 
the  incidents  of  his  early  life.  It  will  attract  much  attention  and  be 
widely  read. 

Pkoceedixgs  axd  Collections  of  the  Wyomixg  HisxoracAL  axd 
Geological  Society.  Vol.  VIII.  AVilkesbarre,  1904.  8vo, 
_^         329  pp.     Illustrated.     Price,  $5. 

The  publications  of  this  Society  generally  contain  papers  that  cover  the 
double  field  of  Its  researches,— history  and  geolo^^^  Those  of  Professor 
Peck,  of  Lafayette  College,  Dr.  Frederick  Corss,  "and  Rev.  David  Craft 
are  very  valuable  and  interesting.  There  are,  however,  two  elaborate 
historical  papers  deserving  of  special  notice  :  "Count  Zinzeudorf  and  the 
Moravian  and  Indian  Occupancy  of  the  Wyoming  Valley,  1742-1763," 
by  Dr.  F.  C.  Johnson;  and  "The  Reminiscences  of  David  Havfield 
Conyngham,  1750-1834,"  by  Rev.  Horace  E.  Havden. 

Thc^history  of  the  Moravian  mission  among  the'  Indians  of  the  Wyo- 
ming ^  alley  is  exhaustively  treated  by  Dr.  Johnson,  who  had  access  to 
the  numerous  official  diaries  of  the  missionaries  in  the  Moravian  archives 
at  Bethlehem  \\  hen  these  missionaries  entered  the  valley  the  Indians 
were  rapidly  disappearing,  but  they  remained  faithful  to  the'remnant  who 
V^l  *^    ^   '"°'^  ^^^"'^  ""P  ^"^  ^^'^  ^^'^te  of  the  death  of  Teedvuscuncr. 

The  Renuniscences  of  David  Hayfield  Convn-ham,"  who  was  a  son  Sf 
Redniond  Conyngham,  the  distinguished  merchant  of  Philadelphia  are 
recorded  in  most  interesting  fashion,  and  are  rendered  doubly  valuable 
by  being  profusely  annotated  by  Mr.  Havden  with  rich  historical  data. 

Al  the  papers  are  liberally  illustrated,  and  the  make-up  of  the  vol- 
ume highly  commendable. 

The  Baroxy  of  the  Rose.    An  Historical  Monograph.    By  Grace 
Stuart  Reid.     4to,  58  pp.     For  sale  by  G.  S.  Reid,  781  Pa^k  Ave- 
nue, ISew  \ork  City.     Price,  §1.25. 
This  readable  book  gives  an  interestinar   history  of  the  picturesque 
Moravian  town  of  Nazareth,  Pennsylvania  ;  its  investiture  with  the  ri-ht 
of  court  baron  and  rental  of  a  June  rose;  its  ancient  buildincrs,  and  the 
polity  and  customs  of  the  Moravians.     The  book  is  the  outcorSe  of  much 
research  among  various  original  sources,  and  tales  from  the  unwritten 
annals  of  the  town  have  been  introduced.     Thirtv-two  illustrations  add 
interest  to  the  text.     The  book  is  well  printed  and  attractively  bound. 


COL     JOSEPH    SHIPPEN. 


THE 

PENNSYLVANIA    MAGAZINE 

OF 

HISTORY   AND   BIOGRAPHY. 

Vol.  XXYIII.  1904.  No.  4. 


THE  ENGLISH  ANCESTOES  OF  THE  SHIPPEX  FAMILY 
Al^D   EDWAED   SIIiPPEX^,    OF   PHILADELPHIA. 

BY   THOMAS    WILLING   B.\LCn. 

Among  those  who  in  the  second  part  of  the  seventeenth 
century  left  England  for  the  New  World,  not  to  escape  po- 
litical or  religious  persecution,  but  to  better  their  fortune, 
was  Edward  Shippen,  of  Methley,  in  the  West  Riding  of 
Yorkshire.^ 

In  the  month  of  September,  1902,  the  waiter  of  this  paper, 
after  visiting  the  College  of  Arms  in  London  and  collecting 
the  information  in  the  collections  there  concerning  the 
Shippen  family  of  Yorkshire,  went  to  Methley. 

"When  "Letters  and  Papers  relating  chiefly  to  the  Pro- 
vincial History  of  Pennsylvania,  with  Some  Notices  of  the 
Writer,"  ^  by  Thomas  Balch,  were  privately  printed  in  1855, 

^  In  collecting  some  of  the  information  embodied  in  this  paper  the 
writer  received  most  courteous  aid  from  the  Eev.  Henry  Armstrong 
Hall,  Eector  of  Methley,  and  also  from  Dr.  John  Woolf  Jordan,  Li- 
brarian of  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

'  In  preparing  this  article  free  use  has  been  made  of  "Letters  and 
Papers,"  etc.,  which  were  printed  in  1855  at  the  request  of  The  Histori- 

VOL.  xxviii. — 25  ( 385 ) 


386  The  English  Ancestors  of  the  Shippen  Family. 

Mr.  Bak'hwas  not  able  to  state,  from  the  then  accessible  in- 
formation, from  what  place  in  Yorkshire  Edward  Shipj.cn. 
the  founder  of  the  family  in  America,  had  come,  nor  who 
his  mother  was,  nor  anything  fiirtlier  of  his  father  than 
that  his  name  was  William.  It  was  known  from  deeds  in 
this  country  that  Edward  Shippen  was  born  in  the  year 
1639.  In  the  "  Memoire"  of  James  Logan,  Edward  Ship- 
pen  is  made  to  say  that  "  Alethey''  was,  at  the  time  of  his 
birth,  the  residence  of  his  father.  This,  however,  was  "  pre- 
sumed to  be  a  misprint,  or  an  error  of  the  copyist,  there 
being  no  such  place,  as  far  as  ascertained."  '  Xor  could  it 
be  said  with  certainty  in  1855  whether  the  Shippens  were 
of  English  origin  or  whether  they  had  emigrated  to  York- 
shire from  the  is'etherlands,  and  in  the  "  Letters  and 
Papei-s"  the  then  available  evidence  as  to  the  original 
nationality  of  the  family,  whether  of  English  or  Dutch  ori- 
gin, was  merely  marshalled. 

To-day,  with  the  additional  facts  that  have  become  acces- 
sible in  the  course  of  half  a  century,  it  can  be  stated,  as  it 
could  not  in  1855,  that  the  Shippens  were  of  English  ori- 
gin, and  did  not  come  into  Yorkshire  over  the  [N'orth  Sea 
from  the  Low  Countries  during  the  persecutions  of  the 
Duke  of  Alva. 

There  is  a  family  tradition,  confirmed  by  a  letter  of  Ed- 
ward Shippen,  "  of  Lancaster,"  written  in  1741,^  that  the 

cal  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  Owing  to  the  great  quantity  of  letters  in 
that  work  written  by  or  to  members  of  the  Shippen  family,  it  has  been 
spoken  of  often  as  "The  Shippen  Papers." 

^  "Letters  and  Papers,"  etc.,  p.  vi. 

*  This  letter  of  Edward  Shippen,  "  of  Lancaster,"  is  dated  from  Ches- 
ter, Pennsylvania. 

"  Dear  Sir  :— 

"  If  you  should  happen  to  see  Mr.  Ealph  Peters,  be  pleased  to  ask 
him  whether  he  can  put  me  in  a  way  to  dispossess  my  Cousin  ilargaret 
Jeykil  (formerly  Shippen)  of  a  Small  Estate  in  Hillam  at  Yorkshire 
(which  I  have  been  told  has  been  in  our  Family  five  hundred  years).  It 
is  a  Copy  hold.     I  have  heard  it  yields  ten  or  fifteen  pounds  per  an. 


1  he  English  Ancesiors  of  the  Shippcn  Fumi'j,  SS7 

Sliippcns  were  settled  at  IlilLim,  a  hamlet  in  the  aiiciert 
parish  of  Monk  Fryston,  in  Yorkshire,  as  early  as  the  thir- 
teenth eentury.  There  is  nothing  further  knoNA-n  to  prove 
this  tradition,  and  it  may  he  true.  In  any  case,  at  the  dawn 
of  the  Reformation  the  Shippens  were  establislied  at  Hil- 
1am,  in  the  parish  of  Monk  Fryston.  The  Rev.  Henrv 
Armstrong  Ilall,  rector  of  Methley,  one  of  the  neighboring 
parishes  to  tliat  of  Monk  Fryston,  writes, — 

"The  order  of  Thomas  Ci-omwell,  for  keeping  parish  registers,  wa? 
promulgated  in  1537,  and  the  registei-s  of  Mouk  Fryston  commenced  in 
1538  ;  so  near  the  commencement  as  September  of  the  following  rear 


My  Grandfather  [Edward  Shippen  the  emigrant]  who  reaped  the  benefit 
of  it  many  years,  Gave  it  by  will  to  my  Uncle  Edwd  Shippen  &  told 
him  at  the  time  of  making  his  will  if  it  was  not  for  the  aversion  he 
always  had  to  entailing  Estates,  he  would  entail  Hillam  Estate  on  his 
family.  Some  Short  time  afterwards  my  Uncle  died  &  leaving  but  one 
child  &  heir  viz :  The  above  mentioned  Margaret  gave  it  by  wiU  to 
my  father  J.  S.  &  the  male  heirs  of  his  body. 

"Itly  Uncle  Thomas  Story  in  England  not  knowing  I  imagine  of  the 
devise  of  my  uncle  but  hearing  of  his  Death  took  the  trouble  upon  him 
to  get  my  Said  Cousin  entred  Tenant ;  as  soon  as  my  father  heard  of  this 
he  wrote  to  Tho.  Story  &  told  him  exactly  how  the  thing  was,  upon 
which  Tho.  Story  wrote  him  an  answer  &  let  him  know  that  as  Margt 
Shippen  was  a  near  relation  he  might  be  contented  to  let  her  have  the 
benefit  of  it  for  a  while  as  her  mother  was  poor,  &  the  Child  had  nothing 
left  her  that  she  could  then  command  but  Sayes  he  you  may  have  the  pc<5- 
session  at  any  time  on  paying  a  fine  of  five  pounds  <fc  producing  the  will. 
And  about  two  years  ago  I  Sent  my  Grandfathers  &  my  Uncle's  will  to 
Mr  Peters  with  the  Mayors  &  Notary  Publicke  Seal.  If  you  can  Serve 
me  in  this  afiair  you  will  do  me  a  Singular  favour  I  heartily  wish  you 
a  good  Voyage  &  am 

"Dear  Sir 

"Your  Sincere  friend 

"&  humble  Servt 

Edwu  SHIPP£^■ 

"P.S. 

"I  would  Sell    Said  Estate 
for  one  hundred  &  fifty  pounds 
Sterling  without  Charge      E  S 
"  Chester  the  9th  7br  1741" 


388  The  Enijlish  Ancestors  of  the  Shippcn  Family. 

(1539)  there  is  the  entry,  '  Jenet  Shippen  christined  the  XXIIth  day,' 
and  between  this  diite  and  1G78  there  are  about  forty  Shippen  entries, 
the  latest  of  which  are  in  1622-3  and  1624-5.  There  were  Shippen?, 
however,  in  many  of  the  villages  adjacent  to  Monk  Frj-ston,  and  to  this 
day  there  is  a  tarm-house  called  Shippen  in  the  parish  of  Barwick-iu- 
Elmet.i  six  or  seven  miles  to  the  northwest  of  Monk  Fryston.  The 
word  'shippen'  is  in  every-day  use  in  agricultural  Yorkshire,  at  the 
present  time,  and  denotes  a  partly  covered  cattle-yard,  and  there  are 
persons  bearing  the  name  Shippen  still  to  be  found  in  Leeds  and  the 
neighborhood. 

"Monk  Frj'ston  is  in  the  West  Fading  of  Yorkshire,  and  lies  about 
thirteen  miles  southeast  of  Leeds  and  fifteen  miles  south  of  York.  Here 
William  Shippen — the  father  of  the  emigrant — appears  to  have  been 
born  about  the  year  1600,  but  by  some  mischance  his  name  is  not  to  be 
found  in  the  3Ionk  Fryston  registers.  What  is  certain  is  that  he  mi- 
grated to  Methley, — the  'Alethcy'  above  mentioned, — a  village  about 
seven  miles  to  the  we^t  of  Monk  Fryston,  and  that  there,  on  July  16, 
1626,  he  married  ^Nlary  Xunnes  or  Nuns." 

William  Shippen,  in  his  new  home  at  ^Nlethley,  became 
a  man  of  local  prominence,  for  in  1642  he  was  overseer  of 
the  poor,  and  in  1654  overseer  of  highways.  He  died  in 
1681  at  StoclqDort  in  Cheshire,  where  he  was  living  with 
his  son  William.  His  wife,  Mary  iSTiines,  the  daughter  of 
John  ]!:^unes,  of  a  substantial  yeoman  family,  long  estab- 
lished at  Methley,  and  of  Eifam  Crosfeld,  his  wife,  was  bap- 
tized at  Methley  on  October  11,  1592,  and  buried  there  May 
25,  1672.  John  i^unes  and  Efiam  Crosfeld  were  married 
at  Methley  October  17,  1584.  William  Shippen  himself 
spent  his  decUning  years  with  his  son  William,  rector  of 
Stockport,  and  died  there  in  1681.  William  and  Mary 
(Kunes)  Shippen  had  six  children,  all  born  at  Methley : 

Robert  Shippen,    baptized  May  20,  1627. 

Mary  Shippen,  "         June  24,  1629. 

Ami  Shippen,  "         :N'ovember  21,  1630. 

Dorathe  Shippen,         "         February  9,  1631. 

William  Shippen,        "         July  2,  1637. 

Edward  Shippen,         "         March  5,  1639. 
*  Elmet  or  Elmete  was  the  great  forest  which  in  Saxon  days  stretched 
across  mid- Yorkshire.     Leeds,  Barwick,  Sherburn,  and  probably  Monk 
Fryston  were  all  villages  in  the  forest. 


The  English  Ancestors  of  the.  Sh-ppcn  Faraibj.  389 

Of  these,  Robert,  Ann,  and  Dorathe  died  voinig  at 
Metliley,  and  Mary  married,  in  16G3,  AVilliam  Chapman,  of 
the  neighboring  town  of  Xormanton.  Of  the  two  remaining 
children,  Wilham  remained  in  England  and  Edward  came 
to  America. 

I.  William  Shippcn,  baptized  at  Methlev  July  2,1037; 
studied  and  graduated  at  University  College,  Oxford,  re- 
ceiving his  B.A.  in  1656  and  his  M.A.  in  1659.  "  He  was 
afterwards  Proctor  of  the  University,  1664,  and  at  length 
Rector  of  Stockport  in  Cheshire ;  and  author  of  '  The 
Christian's  Triumph  over  Death,"  a  sermon  preached  at  the 
funeral  of  Richard  Leigh,  Esq.  He  is  D.D.,  not  of  this 
University,  if  I  mistake  not,  but  by  diploma  of  Dr.  Wra. 
Sancroft,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury." 

He  died  in  1693,  and  was  buried  under  the  chancel  ot 
the  church.     The  Rev.  "William  Shippen  had  four  sons : 

1.  Edward  Shippen,  born  in  1671,  M.A.  and  M.D., 
Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  who  subsequently  succeeded 
his  brother  Robert  as  Professor  of  Music  at  Gresham  Col- 
lege. He  was  a  physician,  and  is  supposed  to  have  married 
Frances,  daughter  of  Peter  Leigh,  of  Lynne.^ 

2.  William  Shippen,  born  in  1673  and  died  in  1743;  he 
was  buried  in  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Holborn,  London. 
Educated  at  Westminster  and  Brasenose  College,  Oxford, 
he  was  called  to  the  Bar  from  the  Middle  Temple  in  1693. 
He  sat  in  five  Parliaments  from  1716  to  his  death  in  1743. 
He  was  the  incorruptible  leader  of  the  Jacobites.  In  hia 
speeches  he  spoke  his  mind  clearly  and  fearlessly,  and  to 
such  purpose  that  on  one  occasion,  for  reflecting  on  the 
policy  of  the  King,  he  was  confined  in  the  Tower  of  London. 
It  was  of  him  that  Pope  wrote, — 

"I  love  to  pour  out  all  myself,  as  plain 
As  downriglit  Shippen,  or  as  old  Montaigne." 


^Burke's  "Landed  Gentry,"  London,   1850.     See  under  Tatton,  of 
Withensliaw,  p.  1355. 


390  The  En/iUsh  Ancestors  of  the  Shippcn  Farnih/. 

Lord  Dover,  in  liis  edition  of  the  letters  of  Sir  Horace 
Walpole,  brother  of  Sir  Robert  AYalpole/  says  of  Shippen, — 

"  'Honest  Will  Slupi>en,'  as  he  w;is  called,  or  'Downright  Shippen,' 
as  Pope  terms  him,  was  a  zealous  Jacobite  member  of  Parliament, 
possessed  of  considerable  talents,  and  a  vehement  opposer  of  Sir  Robert 
Walpole's  government.  Ho,  however,  did  justice  to  that  able  Minister, 
for  he  was  accustomed  to  say,  '  Robin  and  I  are  honest  men  ;  but  as  for 
those  fellows  in  long  perriwigs/  (meaning  the  Tories  of  the  day)  '  they 
only  want  to  get  into  office  themselves.'  He  was  the  author  of  a  satiri- 
cal poem,  entitled  'Faction  Displayed,'  which  possesses  considerable 
merit." 

Sir  Robert  Walpole  said  of  Shippen,  *'  Some  are  cor- 
rupt, but  I  will  tell  you  of  one  who  is  not;  Shippen  is 
not."2 

On  one  occasion  the  Prince  of  Wales,  to  show  his  satis- 
faction with  a  speech  of  Shippen,  sent  the  sturdy  Jacobite 
leader,  by  General  Churchhill,  Groom  of  his  Bedchamber, 
a  thousand  pounds  sterling,  which  Shippen  refused.^ 

William  Shippen  married  Frances  Stote,  daughter  of 
Sir  Richard  Stote.*     Of  Shippen  and  his  wife  Lord  Alahon 


^  "  Letters  of  Horace  Walpole,  Earl  of  Oxford,  to  Sir  Horace  Mann," 
edited  by  Lord  Dover,  London,  1833,  Vol.  I.  p.  45,  note. 

In  a  letter  dated  at  Somerset  House,  December  10,  1741,  Sir  Horace 
Walpole  writes  to  Sir  Horace  Mann, — 

"On  Tuesday  we  had  the  Speech  ;  there  were  great  differences  among 
the  party ;  the  Jacobites,  with  Shippen  and  Lord  Somerset  [afterwards 
fourth  Duke  of  Beaufort]  at  their  head,  were  for  a  division,  Pulteney 
and  the  Patriots  against  one ;  the  ill-success  in  the  House  of  Lords  had 
frightened  them  :  we  had  no  division,  but  a  verj^  warm  battle  between 
Sir  R.  [Walpole]  and  Pulteney." 

»  "Walpoliana,"  Vol.  I.  p.  38. 

»  "A  Century  of  Anecdote  from  1760  to  1860,"  by  John  Timbs, 
London,  1864,  p.  127. 

*  Burke's  "Landed  Gentry,"  London,  1850.  See  under  Bewicke,  of 
Close  House,  p.  92, 

*  "The  History  of  England  from  the  Peace  of  Utrecht  to  the  Peace 
of  Versailles,  1713-1783,"  by  Lord  Mahon,  Boston,  1853,  Vol. 
IIL  p.  30. 


The  English  Ancestors  of  (he  Sh'tppcn  Faii)i'!>/.  391 

"Sbippen,  whom  the  public  voice  still  proclaimed  iis  the  great  Iculer 
of  the  Jacobites,  was  thought  by  them  so  weak  as  to  be  left  out  of  all 
their  consultations.  Sbippen,  at  this  time,  was  sixty-ciglir,  and  his  en- 
ergy, perhaps,  much  impaired.  But,  as  it  seems  to  me,  even  his  earlier 
reputation  grew  much  more  from  his  courage,  his  incorruptibility,  his 
good  humored  frankness  of  purpose,  than  from  any  superior  eloquence 
or  talent.  Horace  Walpole,  the  younger,  describes  his  speeches  as  spir- 
ited in  sentiment,  but  generally  uttered  in  a  low  tone  of  voice,  with  too 
great  rapidity  and  with  his  glove  held  before  his  mouth — ccrtainlv  not 
the  portrait  of  a  great  orator!  It  is  said  that  he  had  some  skill  in 
poetr}',  yet  it  does  not  seem  that  he  was  known  or  prized  by  anv  emi- 
nent men  without  the  House  of  Commons.  His  father  w:i3  Rector  of 
Stockport,  and  his  paternal  inheritance  had  been  small  ;  he  acquired, 
however,  an  ample  fortune  by  marriage.  His  wife  was  extremely  pe- 
nurious, and,  as  a  relation  gently  expressed  it,  'with  a  peculiarity  of 
temper,  and  unwilling  to  mix  in  society  ;  she  was  much  noticed  by  Queen 
Caroline,  but  steadily  declined  all  connection  with  the  Court.  Sbippen 
himself,  like  Pulteney,  was  not  free  from  the  odious  taint  of  avarice  ; 
when  not  attending  Parliament,  he  lived  chiefly  in  a  hired  house  on 
Richmond  Hill,  aud  it  is  remarkable,  that  neither  of  these  distinguished 
politicians,  though  each  wealthy,  possessed  that  chief  pride  and  delight 
of  an  English  gentleman — a  country  seat.'  " 

Apropos  of  this  view  of  Lord  Mahon,  we  find  in  "  Let- 
ters and  Papers"  this  criticism  :  ^ 

"Whether  or  not,  Lord  Mahon,  who  claims  to  present  a  fair  and  im- 
partial narrative  to  his  readers,  has  done  full  justice  to  Sbippen,  may 
be  a  question.  That  Shippen  possessed,  in  a  high  degree,  all  the  vir- 
tues ascribed  to  him  by  the  historian,  is,  of  course,  unquestionable. 
The  courage  and  integrity  which  animated  him  in  such  dangerous  and 
agitated  times,  were  truly  noble ;  such  as  neither  danger  could  daunt, 
nor  temptation  undermine,  nor  discouragement  diminish.  With  what 
a  fine  spirit  does  he  protest  against  a  standing  army,  though  his  earnest 
efforts  against  'a  burden  heavy  and  dangerous  to  the  people'  had  so 
often  failed.  'Sir;  I  now  stand  up  to  make  my  anniversary  oration 
against  a  standing  army.  I  have  made  one  and  .twenty  already,  of 
which  fifteen  have  never  been  seconded,  and  this  will  probably  be  the 
sixteenth.'     Not  the  less,  though,  was  he  bound  to  do  his  duty. 

"But  courage,  integrity  and  good  temper,  though  sutHcient  to  render 
him  a  prominent  actor  amongst  the  Jacobites,  were  not  enough  to  coa- 


'  Page  X.  ei  seq. 


392  The  English  Ancestors  of  the  Shippcn  Famili/. 

stitute  him  their  leader  in  a  body  like  the  IIouso  of  Commons  ;  that  too, 
during  a  long  service  of  many  years,  with  such  men  as  Walpole,  Fuhe- 
ney,  Stanhope,  Barnard,  as  associates  and  antagonists.  He  must  have 
had,  as  the  debates  fully  show,  both  the  sagacity  aud  the  eloquence  of 
an  accomplished  statesman. 

"Perhaps  Lord  Mahon's  judgment  was  warped  by  the  fact,  that 
Shippen  was  at  the  head  of  the  commission  appointed  to  examine  and 
sift  General  Stanhope's  accounts,  as  Envoy  and  as  Commander-in- 
Chief.  However  candid  or  correct  his  recital  may  be  as  to  other  mat- 
ters, it  loses  those  characteristics  whenever  the  individual  or  the  sub- 
ject touches  the  house  of  Stanhope  or  the  American  Revolution.  His 
partiality  for  his  family  is  a  weakness  excusable  in  the  eyes  of  many, 
and  harmless,  except  where  it  presents  his  story  to  the  injury  of  others. 
Such  is  the  case  as  to  the  character  which  he  has  drawn  of  this  '  Parlia- 
ment man ;'  and  though  not  disposed  to  use  his  own  words,  and  say 
'  that  it  implies  not  merely  literary  failure,  but  moral  guilt ;'  we  may 
at  least  protest  against  the  manner  in  which  he  appears  to  ^  lower  the 
fame  of  a  political  adversary.'  " 

Shippen's  character  and  conduct  are  well  illustrated  in 
the  report  of  the  proceedings  in  Parliament,  when  he  was 
sent  to  the  Tower. 

"In  this  speech,  Mr.  Shippen  overshot  himself  so  far  in  his  expres- 
sions, as  to  give  too  much  advantage  against  him,  to  such  as  perhaps 
were  not  over-backward  to  lay  hold  of  it :  Plis  words  that  gave  the  of- 
fence were  to  the  following  purpose,  '  That  the  second  paragraph  of  the 
King's  speech  seemed  rather  to  be  calculated  for  the  meridian  of  Germany, 
than  Great  Britain;  and  that  'twas  a  great  misfortune,  that  the  King  icas 
a  Stranger  to  our  laiiguage  and  constitution.'  These  expressions  gave 
offence  to  several  members,  and  in  particular  to  Mr.  Lechmere,  who 
having  taken  them  down  in  writing,  urged,  '  That  those  words  were  a 
scandalous  invective  against  the  King's  person  and  government,  of 
which  the  house  ought  to  shew  the  highest  resentment,  and  therefore 
moved,  That  the  member  who  spoke  those  offensive  words  should  be 
sent  to  the  Tower.'  Mr.  Lechmere  was  seconded  by  3Ir.  Cowper, 
brother  of  the  Lord  Chancellor,  and  back'd  by  Sir- Joseph  Jekyll,  and 
some  others  :  Upon  which  Mr.  Ptobert  Walpole  said,  '  That  if  the  words 
in  question  were  spoken  by  the  member  on  whom  they  were  charged, 
the  Tower  was  too  light  a  punishment  for  his  rashness  ;  but  as  what  he 
had  said  in  the  heat  of  his  debate  might  have  been  misunderstood,  he 
was  for  allowing  him  the  liberty  of  explaining  himself.'  Mr.  Snell, 
Mr.  Hutchinson,  and  some  other  gentlemen,  spoke  also  in  behalf  of  ilr. 


The  English  Ancestors  of  the  Shippcn  Family.         393 

Sbippen,  inteuding,  chiefly,  to  give  him  .iu  opportauity  of  retracting 
or  excusing  what  he  had  said;  which  Mr.  Shippen  uot  thinking  proper 
to  do,  several  speeches  were  made  upon  the  question.  Whether  the 
words  taken  down  in  writing  were  the  same  as  he  had  spoken  ?  A  gen- 
tleman having  suggested,  That  there  was  no  precedent  of  a  censure 
passed  on  a  member  of  the  house,  for  words  spoken  iu  a  Committee,  Sir 
Charles  Hotham  produced  instances  of  th'e  contrary  ;  and,  on  the  other 
hand,  Mr.  Shippen  having  maintained  Avhat  he  had  advanced,  it  was,  at 
last,  resolved  by  a  majority  of  196  votes  against  about  100,  That  the 
words  taken  down  in  writing  were  spoken  by  Mr.  Shippen.  It  was 
then  about  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening,  and  it  being  moved  and  carried, 
That  the  Chairman  leave  the  chair ;  Mr.  Speaker  resumed  his  place, 
and  Mr.  Farrer  reported  from  the  said  Committee,  'That  exceptions 
having  been  taken  to  some  words  spoken  in  the  Committee,  by  William 
Shippen,  Esq.,  a  member  of  the  house,  the  Committee,  had  directed  him 
to  report  the  words  to  tho  house.'  Which  being  done  accordingly,  and 
candles  ordered  to  be  brought  in,  Mr.  Shippen  was  heard  in  his  place, 
and  then  withdrew.  After  this  it  was  moved,  that  the  question  might 
be  put,  'That  the  words  spoken  by  William  Shippen,  Esq.,  (a  member 
of  this  house)  are  highly  dishonorable  to,  and  unjustly  reflecting  oa  his 
Maje-sty's  person  and  government.'  Which  occasioned  a  debate  that 
lasted  'till  past  11  o'clock  ;  when  the  question  being  put,  was  carried  in 
the  affirmative  by  175  voices  against  81  ;  and  thereupon  ordered,  '  That 
William  Shippen,  Esq.,  be,  for  the  said  offence,  committed  prisoner  to 
his  Majesty's  Tower  of  London,  and  that  Mr,  Speaker  do  issue  his  war- 
rant accordingly.'  "  ' 

Of  a  speech  by  Shippen  in  the  Commons  (1720)  the 
Countess  of  Co\vper  writes  in  her  diary, — 

"Shippen  upbraided  Walpole  terribly  in  Debate  with  having  chid 
the  Committee  of  Supply  for  fear  of  such  an  indiscreet  method  as  this 
to  raise  Money,  and  now  with  moving  and  helping  the  Court  to  it  in 
this  manner.  He  spoke  long,  and  very  well — the  better  for  being  in  the 
Right.  "=> 

Something  of  his  political  views  are  expressed  in  the  fol- 
lo^\^ng  speech  in  the  House  of  Commons : 

*  "Debates  in  Parliament,  1717-21"  (December  4,  1717),  p.  20. 

*  "  Diary  of  Mary  Countess  Cowper,  Lady  of  the  Bedchamber  to  the 
Princess  of  Wales,  1714-1720,"  London,  John  Murray,  1854  ;  May 
6,  1720,  p.  160. 


394  The  EngUsk  Ancestors  of  the  ShJppen  Famihj. 

"For  my  part  I  am  uot  iisli:\med  nor  afraid  to  affirm,  that  thirtj 
years  have  made  no  change  in  any  of  my  poliiical  opinions  ;  I  am  now 
grown  old  in  this  house,  but  that  experience  which  is  the  consequence 
of  age  has  only  confirmed  the  principles  with  v/hich  I  enter'd  it  many 
years  ago  ;  time  has  verified  the  predictions  which  I  formerly  utter'd, 
and  I  have  seen  my  conjectures  ripen'd  into  knovrledge.  I  should  be 
therefore  without  excuse,  if  either  terror  could  affright,  or  the  hope  of 
advantage  allure  me  from  tlie  declaration  of  my  opinions;  opinions, 
which  I  was  not  deterred  from  asserting,  when  the  prospect  of  a  longer 
life  than  I  can  now  expect  might  have  added  to  the  temptations  of  ambi- 
tion, or  aggravated  the  terrors  of  poverty  and  disgrace  ;  opinions,  for 
which  I  would  willingly  have  suffered  the  severest  censures,  even  when 
I  had  espoused  them  only  in  compliance  with  reason,  without  the  infal- 
lible certainty  of  experience.  Of  truth  it  has  been  always  observed.  Sir, 
that  every  day  adds  to  its  establishment,  and  that  falsehoods,  however 
specious,  however  supported  by  power,  or  established  by  confederacies, 
are  unable  to  stand  before  the  stroke  of  time  :  Against  the  inconven- 
iences and  vexations  of  long  life,  may  be  set  the  pleasure  of  discovering 
truth,  perhaps  the  only  pleasure  that  age  affords.  Nor  is  it  a  slight 
satisfaction  to  a  man  not  utterly  infatuated  or  depraved,  to  find  opportu- 
nities of  rectifying  his  notions,  and  regulating  his  conduct  by  new  lights. 
But  much  greater  is  the  happiness  of  that  man,  to  whom  every  day 
brings  a  new  proof  of  the  reasonableness  of  his  former  determinations, 
and  who  finds,  by  the  most  unerring  test,  that  his  life  has  been  spent  in 
promotion  of  doctrines  beneficial  to  mankind.  This,  Sir,  is  the  happi- 
ness which  I  now  enjoy,  and  for  which  those  who  never  shall  attain  it, 
must  look  for  an  equivalent  in  lucrative  employment,  honorary  titles, 
pompous  equipages,  and  splendid  palaces.  These,  Sir,  are  the  advan- 
tages which  are  to  be  gained  by  a  seasonable  variation  of  principles,  and 
by  a  ready  compliance  with  the  prevailing  fashion  of  opinions  ;  advan- 
tages, which  I  indeed  cannot  envy,  when  they  are  purchased  at  so  high  a 
price."  * 

3.  Robert  Shippeii,  born  in  1675.  He  received  bis  M.A. 
July  22,  1693,  was  Fellow  of  Brasenose,  and  Professor  of 
Music  at  Gresham  College;  be  beld  several  preferments. 
In  1710  be  became  Principal  of  Brasenose,  and  in  1718 
Vice-Cbancellor  of  Oxford  University.  He  is  buried  in 
Brasenose  Chapel,  where  there  is  his  bust  and  an  epitaph 
in  Latin  by  Dr.  Frewin,  of  which  the  following  is  a  free 
translation : 

^  "Debates  in  Parliament,  1741-2,"  pp.  102,  103. 


The  English  Ancestors  of  ihe  Shippen  Famifjj.         395 

"  Eobert  Shippen,  Professor  of  Sacred  Theology 

"Who  amongst  the  Mertonians 

AVell  Versed  in  the  knowledge  of  Ijiterature 

And  the  rule?  of  Philosophy 

Was  first  a  Fellow  of  this  College 

Afterwards  for  Thirty  Five  Years 

Warden 

Meanwhile  five  times  vice-Chancellor  of  the  University. 

A  man,  if  ever  such  there  was, 

Prompt,  diligent  and  faithful 

In  promoting  the  interests  &  advantage  of  his  friends 

Careful,  expert  and  unwearied 

In  enlarging  the  revenue  <fc  emoluments  of  the  College 

Watchful,  bold  and  resolute 

In  maintaining  and  defending  the  rights  &  privileges  of  the  University. 

Died  24  iNovember  A.D.  1745 — Aged  70  years. 
Most  deeply  lamented  by  his  friends,  the  College  and  the  University." 


•'William  Seyborne  Esquire 

A  nephew  by  a  sister 

To  his  greatly  revered  Uncle 

And  who  honored  him  living  and  dead, 

Hath  erected 

This  memorial  of  his  love  and  duty." 

The  tablet  is  about  eight  feet  in  length,  surmounted  with 
a  bust  of  Robert  Shippen,  terminating  with  the  shield  of 
the  Shippen  coat  of  arms.  There  appears  to  have  been  a 
certain  degree  of  intimacy  between  Robert  and  his  Ameri- 
can cousin,  Joseph.  His  book-plate  is  preserved  in  the 
American  branch  of  the  family  (see  opposite  page).^ 

4.  John  Shippen,  baptized  by  his  father  at  Stockport, 
July  5,  1678.  He  was  a  merchant  in  Spain  and  British 
consul  at  Lisbon;  died  unmarried  in  September,  1747; 
and  is  buried  in  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  London. 

5.  The  Rev.  William  Shippen  also  had  a  daughter  named 
Anne ;  for  Edward  Willes,  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Court 

*  There  is  also  a  copy  in  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 


396  The  EngUsh  Ancestors  of  the  Sl.ippen  Familij. 

of  King's  Bench  in  1767,  married  Anne  Taylor,  daughter 
of  Anne,  sister  of  ^Yill^ara  Shippen,  M.  P.' 

II.  Edward  Shippen,  the  emigrant,  was  baptized  on  March 
6,  1639,  at  Mcthley,  not  far  from  the  manufacturing  city  of 
Leeds;  the  Loidis-in-Ehuet  of  Saxon  days,  now  the  sixth 
city  of  the  United  Kingdom,  with  a  population  of  nearly 
half  a  million.  The  name  Methley  probably  originally 
meant  the  middle  paesture  land  between  the  rivers  Calder 
and  Aire.  To-day  2\Iethley  Church  is  almost,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  steeple,  which  is  an  eighteenth-century  addi- 
tion, as  it  was  when  Edward  Shippen  lived  at  Methley. 
He  came  over  to  America  and  settled  in  Boston  in  1668. 
There  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  with  much  success, 
as  it  appears  that,  upon  his  removal  to  Philadelphia,  some 
twenty-five  years  later,  he  was  computed  to  be  worth  at  least 
ten  thousand  pounds  sterling, — a  sum  by  no  means  incon- 
siderable in  those  days,  particularly  in  a  new  country.  In 
1669  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable 
Artillery  Company,  sho^\^ng  that  he  was  still  at  that  time 
a  member  of  the  Protestant  Church  of  England.  Two 
years  later  he  married  Elizabeth  Lybrand,  a  Quakeress; 
this  marriage  led  him  to  become  a  Quaker.  Owing  to  his 
new  religion,  he  was  subjected  to  severe  persecution.  In 
1677  he  was  twice  "  publickly  whipped."  In  various  ways 
he  was  subjected  to  great  annoyance,  until  finally,  about 
1693-4,  Edward  Shippen  decided  to  take  refuge  in  Penn- 
Bylvania. 

It  would  seem  to  have  taken  him  about  a  year  to  perfect 
the  disposal  of  his  estate  in  Boston  and  transfer  it  to  Philadel- 
phia. In  this  latter  city  his  wealth,  his  fine  personal  ap- 
pearance, his  house  on  Second  Street,  styled  "  a  princely 
mansion,"  his  talents,  and  his  high  character  speedily  ob- 
tained for  him  such  position  and  influence  that  on  July  9, 
1695,  he  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  Assembly;  in  1699  he 

^Burke's  "Landed  Gentry,"  London,  1850.  See  under  Willee  of 
Astrop  House,  p.  1592. 


The  English  Ancestors  of  the  Shippcn  Family,  397 

wfts  made  Chief-Justice;'  and  on  October  25, 1701,  William 
Pcnn  named  him  in  the  Charter  as  the  mayor  of  the  city 
of  Philadelphia. 

"Penn,  as  is  well  knovrn,  gave  the  most  anxious  consideratiou  to 
his  selection  of  officers  to  govern  the  new  city.'  He  thoroughly  ap- 
preciated the  importance  of  a  correct  choice.  It  was,  to  borrow  a 
military  phrase,  the  base-line  of  his  operations.  The  success  of  his 
whole  enterprise  turned  upon  it ;  the  consciousness  of  which,  apart  from 
any  other  motives,  political  or  philanthropic,  was  sufficient  to  stimulate 
him  to  the  utmost  caution  and  deliberation  in  his  choice  of  incumbents. 
In  Shippen  he  found  a  man  of  courage,  energy,  integrity,  intelligence, 
and  sagacity ;  v^'hose  unspotted  moral  character  was  ample  earnest  to 
the  citizens  that  the  executive  power  would  be  exercised  with  the 
strictest  justice  and  fidelity ;  whose  active  business  habits  and  bravery 
equally  assured  them  of  the  chief  magistrate's  resolution  and  prompt- 
ness, whilst  his  high  social  position  gave  dignity  to  the  office." 

From  1702  to  1704  Edward  Shippen  was  President  of 
the  Governor's  Council,  and  for  about  six  months,  when 
there  was  no  Governor  in  the  Province,  he  was  acting 
Governor.  Li  1704  he  contracted  his  third  marriage, 
which  led  to  his  separation  from  the  Society  of  Friends. 
After  that,  apparently,  he  retired  from  public  life,  except 
that  he  continued  to  advise  upon  public  affairs,  as  is  shown 
by  Penn's  letter,  dated  24th  5th  month,  1712,  where  Ed- 
ward Shippen  is  addressed,  in  connection  with  Isaac  Xorris, 
Thomas  Story,  and  others.  Edward  Shippen  died  at  Phila- 
delphia October  2,  1712. 

"No  one  could  wish  to  detract  in  the  slightest  degree  from  Penn's 
merits  ;  but  we  are  taught  to  render  '  honor  to  whom  honor  is  due.'  '  In 
doing  60,  we  must  needs  say  that  a  great,  if  not  the  greatest,  portion 
of  the  glory  of  building  up  the  Commonwealth  which  was  '  founded 
by  deeds  of  peace'  is  due  to  Shippen,  Xorris,  and  Logan,  and  men  like 
them;  the  men  who,  here,  in  the  new  country  itself,  fostered  commerce, 
developed  the  resources  of  the  Pro^-ince,  set  the  best  of  examples,  by 


^  "Pennsylvania  Archives,  Second  Series,"  Vol.  IX.  (1879)  p.  629. 
'  "  Letters  and  Papers,"  etc.,  p.  xvii. 
•  "  Ibid.,  p.  xviii. 


398  The  EutiUsh  Ancestors  of  the  Shippen  Family. 

disdaining  no  proper   toil  in  their  respective  vocation?,  yet  neglect<d 
not  the  retinement^  and  graces  of  letters  and  polite  society." 

Edward  Shippen  married  in  1671  his  first  wife,  Elizabeth 
Lybrand,  of  Boston ;  they  had  eight  children,  from  whom 
are  descended  the  Shippen  fomily  in  America. 

He  married  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  in  1690,  his 
second  wife,  l\ebecca  Richardson,  widow  of  Francis  Rich- 
ardson, of  New  York.  They  had  a  daughter,  Elizabeth, 
born  in  1691,  who  died  the  following  year,  about  which 
time  ;Mrs.  Shippen  also  died. 

Edward  Shippen  married  in  1704  his  third  wife,  Elizabeth 
James,  widow  of  Thomas  James,  of  Bristol,  England  (her 
maiden  name  was  Wilcox) ;  they  had 

John  Shippen,  who  died  an  infant. 
William   Shippen,  who  died  in  1731,  about  twenty- 
five  years  of  age. 

Among  the  descendants  of  Edward  Shippen  and  his  first 
wife,  Elizabeth  Lybrand,  many  reached  to  positions  of  in- 
fluence and  distinction  both  under  the  Colonial  and  the 
State  governments.  In  1727  their  son  Joseph  Shippen 
joined  Franklin  in  founding  the  Junto,'  "  for  mutual  in- 

*  The  association  consisted  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  Joseph  Shippen, 
Hugh  Eoberts,  William  Coleman,  Philip  Syng,  Enoch  Flower,  Joseph 
Wharton,  William  Griffiths,  Luke  Morris,  Joseph  Turner,  Joseph  Trot- 
ter, Samuel  Jervis,  Samuel  Rhodes,  Joseph  Brintnall,  Nicholas  Scull, 
William  Parson,  and  Thomas  Godfrey.  Hazard's  "Register,"  Vol. 
XV.  p.  184.     See  also  Sparks's  "Franklin,"  Vol.  I.  p.  83. 

Joseph  Shippen  married  Abigail  Grosse,  of  Huguenot  descent,  at 
Boston,  July  28,  1702.  She  died  at  Philadelphia  June  28,  1716. 
Their  children  were: 

1.  Edward,  born  in  Boston,  July  9,  1703,  known  as  "of  Lancaster." 

2.  Elizabeth,  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  died  young. 

3.  Joseph,  born  in  Philadelphia,  known  in  the  family  as  "Gentle- 
man Joe." 

4.  William,  died  young. 

5.  Anne,  born  August  5,  1710,  married  Charles  Willings. 

6.  William,  born  October  1,  1712,  known  as  Dr.  William  Shippen, 
the  Elder, 

7.  Elizabeth,  born  September  28,  1714,  and  died  young. 


The  EmjUsh  Ancestors  of  the  Shij^pen  Famlh/.  399 

formation  and  the  promotion  of  the  public  good."     It  was 
the  forerunner  of  our  now  numerous  learned  societies,  such 
as  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  (1822)  and  the 
American  Philosophical  Society  (1743).     Of  the  emigrant's 
grandsons,  Edward  Shippeu,  designated  as  "of  Lancaster," 
to  distinguish  him  from  others  of  the  same  name,  was  much 
esteemed  and  respected  throughout  the  Province.     Among 
his  other  services  to  the  community  may  he  mentioned  tliat 
he  "  laid  out"  Shippensburg,  and  that  in  1744  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia.     He  was  also  one  of  the 
founders,  in  1746,  of  the  College  of  Xew  Jersey,  now  Prince- 
ton University,  and  for  twenty  years  was  one  of  its  trustees. 
He  served  as  a  county  judge  both  under  the  Provincial  and 
the    State   governments,  subscribed    to    the    University   of 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  an  accomplished  French  scholar,  a 
rare  thing  in  those  days.     He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society,  March  S,  1768.     Of  liis 
Bona,  one,  Edward  Shippen,  who  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Philosophical  Society,  became  in  1791  a  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  Pennsylvania,  and  afterwards,  in  1799,  by 
appointment  of  Governor  McKean,  Chief-Justice  of  the  Com- 
monwealth.    Another  son,  Joseph  Shippen,  who  graduated 
at  Princeton  in  1753,  rose  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 
in  the  Provincial  army.     As  such  he  took  part  in  General 
Forbes's  expedition  that  captured  Fort  Duquesne.     After 
the  troops  were  disbanded  he  visited  Europe,  and  on  his 
return  was  made  Secretary  of  the  Province.     He  took  an 
interest  in  the  fine  arts,  was  elected,  January  19,  1768,  a 
member  of  the  American    Philosophical   Society,  and  was 
one  of  the  gentlemen  who  aided  Benjamin  AYest  to  \asit  and 
study  in  Europe.     On  June  16,   1786,  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Lancaster  County,' 

And,  m  passant,  it  is  worth  remembering,  for  the  truth 
of  history,  that  the  Chief-Justice's  two  daughters,  Margaret, 
known  as  "  Pretty  Peggy,"  and  her  sister  Sarah,  were  not 

*  "Pennsylvania  Archives,  Second  Series,"  Vol.  III.  (1875)  p. 
738. 


400  The  EngVsli  Ancestors  of  the  Shippen  Fa/nilt/. 

present  at  the  miicli-talked-of  Mescliianza  Ball.  The  young 
ladies  were  invited,  their  names  were  on  the  programme, 
and  their  dresses  were  actually  prepared,  hut  at  the  last 
moment  their  father  refused  his  consent  to  their  appearing 
at  the  dance,  and  although  they  were  in  a  "  dancing  fury," 
they  spent  the  night  in  tears  in  their  own  room  in  the  big 
brick  house  on  Fourth  Street.^ 

Another  Joseph  Shippen,  a  brother  of  Edward  Shippen, 
"  of  Lancaster,"  v\-a3  a  subscriber  to  the  First  Philadelphia 
Assembly  dances  m  1748.^  Owing  to  the  gay,  luxurious 
life  that  he  led,  and  which,  as  appears  from  his  brother's 
letters,  wasted  his  patrimony,  he  was  known  in  the  family 
by  the  name  of  "  Gentleman  Joe." 

Another  grandson  of  the  emigrant  who  gained  distinction 
was  William  Shippen,  generally  known  as  Dr.  AVilliam 
Shippen,  the  Elder.  He  was  born  at  Philadelphia  October  1, 
1712,  and  died  there  November  4,  1801.  He  inherited  his 
father's  desire  to  explore  the  domains  of  physical  science, 
and  no  doubt  the  Junto  had  its  influence  in  shaping  his 
course  in  life.  Conscious  of  the  deficiencies  for  medical 
education  in  America,  and  animated  by  a  patriotic  desire 
to  remedy  them,  Dr.  Shippen  trained  his  son,  kno^vn  as  Dr. 
William  Shippen,  the  Younger,  for  that  profession,  sent  him 
to  Europe  for  further  study,  and  on  his  return  (1762)  en- 
couraged him  to  commence  a  series  of  lectures  on  anatomy 
in  one  of  the  large  rooms  of  the  State-House.     Dr.  William 

'  On  this  point  see  "The  Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  History  and 
Biography,"  Vol.  III.  (1879)  p.  366,  note  2;  "Two  or  Three  Old 
Letters;"  "The  Pennsylvania  Magazine,"  etc.,  Vol.  XXIII.  (1899) 
p.  187.  Miss  Elizabeth  Footman,  then  a  girl  of  only  sixteen,  and 
on  intimate  terms  with  the  Misses  Shippen,  and  who  afterwards  married 
their  brother  Edward,  said  repeatedly  in  after-life  that  of  her  own 
knowledge  she  knew  that  Margaret  and  Sarah  Shippen  were  not  at  the 
fete,  but  spent  the  night  as  described  above. 

*The  assemblies  were  first  given  in  1748  under  the  management  of 
four  directors  :  John  Swift,  who  was  also  the  secretary  and  treasurer  ; 
John  Inglis,  John  Wallace,  and  Lynford  Lardner.  Swift  and  Lardner 
were  born  in  England,  and  Inglis  and  Wallace  in  Scotland, 


The  EngUiili  Ancestors  of  (J<c  Sln'ppcn  Fwidhi.  401 

Sliippen,  the  Elder,  and  Dr.  AVilliam  Shippeii,  tJie  Younger, 
were  both  elected  at  the  same  time  iu  Xovember,  1767, 
members  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society.  Dr. 
Shippen,  the  Elder,  was  elected  on  I^ovembcr  20,  17 78,  by 
the  Assembly  of  Pemisylvania,  a  member  of  the  Continental 
Congress.^  At  the  end  of  the  year,  iN'ovember  13,  1779,  he 
was  re-elected.  An  examination  of  the  records  shows  that 
Dr.  Shippen,  in  spite  of  hia  advanced  years,  was  steadily  at  his 
post,  and  that  his  vote  and  conduct  were  those  of  an  honest, 
intelligent,  high-minded,  patriotic  gentleman,  who  thought 
only  of  his  country's  welfare.  Dr.  Shippen,  the  Eldtv,  was 
also  a  vice-president  of  the  xVmcrican  Philosophical  Society, 
one  of  the  first  physicians  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,' 
and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  a  member  of  it  for  nearly  sixty  years.^ 

^  By  some  strange  perversity  whicli  seems  to  attend  the  various 
members  of  the  Shippen  family,  Dr.  ^Villiam  Shippen,  the  Younger  (the 
son),  has  been  substituted  by  some  writers  for  Dr.  William  Shippen,  the 
Elder  (the  father),  as  a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress.  The 
"Journals  of  Congress"  prove  that  it  was  the  elder  Dr.  Shippen  that 
sat  in  the  Continental  Congress. 

"  Wednesday,  November  25,  177S. 

"Mr.  Eoberdeau,  Mr.  Clingan  and  Mr.  Searle,  three  delegates  from 
Pennsylvania,  attended,  and  produced  the  credentials  of  the  delegates 
of  the  state,  which  were  read,  and  are  as  follows : 

"  'In  general  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania,  Friday,  November  20,  1778. 

"  '  The  order  of  the  day  being  called  for  and  read,  the  house  proceeded 
by  ballot  to  the  election  of  delegates  in  Congress  for  the  ensuing  year, 
when  the  following  gentlemen  were  chosen,  viz.  Daniel  Koberdeau, 
"William  Clingan,  Edward  Piddle,  John  Armstrong,  William  Shippen, 
the  elder,  Samuel  Atlee,  and  James  Searle,  P2sq.' " — "Journals  of 
Congress  :  containing  their  Proceedings  from  January  1,  1778,  to  Jan- 
uary 1,  1779,"  Vol.  IV.  p.  485. 

*  "The  Early  History  of  Medicine  in  Philadelphia,"  by  George  W. 
Norris,  M.D.,  Philadelphia,  1886,  p.  21. 

'  In  reference  to  the  religious  belief  of  the  Shippens,  see  a  letter  of 
Edward  Burd  to  William  Ptawle,  dated  at  Philadelphia,  December  17, 
1825,  from  which  it  appears  that  some  of  the  Shippens  were  Quakers, 
others  Episcopalians,  and  the  rest  Presbyterians. — The  Pennsylvania 
Magazine  of  History  and  Biography,  VoL  XXIII.  (1899)  p.  202. 
VOL.  XXVIII. — 26 


402 


I'hc  EnglisJi  Anrcstors  of  the  S/ripj>cn  Family. 


The  name  of  Shippen  is  woven  in  the  history  of  Pliila- 
dclphia.  Ahnost  at  once  upon  Edward  Shippcn's  arrival 
in  this  city,  seeking  a  refuge  from  religious  oppression  in 
Massachusetts,  he  took  a  leading  and  iniluential  part  in  the 
public  atlairs  of  the  town;  and  in  subsequent  years  the 
family  bore  an  important  role  in  shaping  the  development 
of  the  city.  The  majors  it  has  given  to  Philadelphia  set 
a  high  standard  of  honor  in  that  office.  Xot  long  since  an 
honorable  bearer  of  the  name  went  to  his  long  rest.  The 
present  Bainbridge  Street  formerly  was  called  Shippen 
Street.  Without  disturbing  this  memorial  to  the  memory 
of  a  gallant  officer  who  a  century  ago  helped  forward  the 
commercial  freedom  of  the  high  seas  and  also  proved  inci- 
dentally that  the  United  States  were  a  world  power  at  that 
time, — a  fact  which  in  the  last  few  years  seems  to  have  been 
forgotten,— may  it  not  be  suggested  that  it  would  be  ap- 
propriate for  the  present  city  fathers  to  perpetuate  the  name 
of  the  mayor  named  by  William  Penu  in  the  City  Charter 
of  1701  in  one  of  the  new  avenues  or  boulevards  with  which 
it  is  proposed  to  encircle  and  beautify  the  greater  city  of 
the  future  ? 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Wdlson  Peak,  1796-18^25.     403 


LF/rrEKS   OF  THO^IAS   JEFFERSON   TO    ClIAIiLES 
WILLSON    PEALE,  179G-1S25. 

BY    HORACE    W.    SELLERS. 

(Concluded  from  page  319.) 

MoxTiCELLO,  April  17th,  1S13. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  have  long  owed  you  a  letter  for  your  favor  of  Aug.  19th, 
when  I  received  eight  days  ago  that  of  March  2nd,  1812,  a 
slip  of  the  pen,  I  suppose,  for  1813,  and  tlie  pamphlet  accom- 
panying it  strengthens  the  supposition.  I  thank  you  for  the 
pamphlet,  it  is  full  of  good  sense  &  wholesome  advice,  and  I 
am  making  all  my  grandchildren  married  and  unnnarried 
read  it,  and  the  story  of  farmer  Jenkins  will  I  hope  remain 
in  their  minds  through  life.  Both  of  your  letters  are  on 
the  subject  of  your  agricultural  occupations,  and  both  prove 
the  ardor  with  which  you  are  pursuing  them,  but  when  I 
observe  that  you  take  an  active  part  in  the  bodily  labor  of 
the  farm,  your  zeal  and  age  give  me  uneasiness  for  the 
result. 

Your  position  that  a  small  farm,  well  worked  and  well 
manned,  will  produce  more  than  a  larger  one  ill-tended,  is 
undoubtedly  true  in  a  certain  degree.  There  are  extremes 
in  this  as  well  as  in  all  other  cases.  The  true  medium  may 
really  be  considered  and  stated  as  a  mathematical  problem. 
"  Given  the  quantum  of  labor  within  our  command,  and  land 
ad  libitum  offering  its  spontaneous  contributions :  Required 
the  proportion  in  which  these  two  elements  should  be  em- 
ployed to  produce  a  Maximum  ?"  It  is  a  difhcult  problem, 
varying  probably  in  every  country  according  to  the  relative 
value  of  land  and  labor.  The  spontaneous  energies  of  the 
earth  are  a  gift  of  nature,  but  they  require  the  labor  of  man 
to  direct  their  operation,  and  the  question  is,  so  to  husband 
his  labor  as  to   turn  the   greatest  quantity  of  this  useful 


404      ■Thomas  Jtferson  to  Charles  ^V^dl<on  Pcde,  179G-1S25. 

action  of  tlie  earth  to  his  benefit.     Ploughing  deep,  your 
recipe  for  killing  weeds,  is  also  the  recipe  for  almost  every- 
thing good  in  farming.     The  plough  is  to  the  tarmer  what 
the  wand  is  to  the  Sorcerer.     Its  eliect  is  reallj  like  sorcery. 
In  the  country  wherein  I  live  we  have  discovered  a  new  use 
for  it,  equal  in  value  almost  to  its  services  before  known. 
Our   country  is  hilly,  and  we  have  been  in  the  habit  of 
ploughing  in  strait  rows,  whether  up  and  down  hill,  in 
oblique  lines,  or  however  they  led  ;  and  our  soil  was  all 
rapidly  running  into   the  rivers.     AVe   now  plough   hori- 
zontally following  the  curvations  of  the  hills  and  hollows, 
on    the    dead    level,  however    crooked  the    lines   may  be. 
Every  furrow  thus  acts  as  a  reservoir  to  receive  and  retain 
the  waters,  all  of  which  go  to  the  benefit  of  the  gro^^^ng 
plant,  instead  of  running  oiF  into  the  streams.     In  a  farm 
horizontally  and  deeply  ploughed,  scarcely  an  ounce  of  soil 
is  now  carried  ofl"  from  it.     In  point  of  beauty  nothing  can 
exceed  that  of  the  waving  lines  &  rows  winding  along  the 
face  of  the  hills  and  valleys.     The  horses  draw  much  easier 
on  the   dead  level,  and  it  is  in  fact  a  conversion  of  hilly 
grounds  into  a  plain.     The  improvement  of  our  soil  from 
this  cause,  the  last  half  dozen  years,  strikes  everyone  with 
wonder.     For  this  improvement  we  are  indebted  to  my  son- 
in-law,  :Mr.  Kandolph,  the  best  farmer,  I  believe,  in  the 
United  States,  and  who  has  taught  us  to  make  more  than 
two  blades  of  corn  to  grow  where  only  one  grew  before.     If 
your  farm  is  hilly,  let  me  beseech  you  to  make  a  trial  of  this 
method.    To  direct  the  plough  horizontally  we  take  a  rafter 
level  of  this  form    A  boy  of  13  or  14  is  able  to 
y|v  work  it  round  the  hill ;  a  still  smaller  one  ^vith 

y^  A.  a  little  trough  marking  the  points  traced  by  the 
feet  of  the  level.  The  plough  follows  running 
through  these  marks.  The  leveler  having  completed  one 
level  line  through  the  field,  moves  with  his  level  30  or  40 
yards  up  or  down  the  hill,  and  runs  another  which  is 
marked  in  like  manner  &  traced  by  the  plough.  And  having 
thus  run  what  may  be  called  guide  furrows  every  30  or  40 


Thomas  Jcfftrson  to  Charles  ]V(Uson  Ftah\  179G-1S25.     405 

yards  throiigli  llie  field  the  ploughman  runs  the  furrows  of 
ihc  intervals  parallel  to  these  in  proportion.  However  as 
tlic  declivity  of  the  hill  variea  in  different  parts  of  the  line, 
the  guide  furrows  will  approach  or  recede  from  each  otiier 
in  difterent  parts  of  the  line,  and  the  parallel  furro^vs  will 
at  length  touch  in  one  part,  when  far  asunder  in  others, 
lea\nug  unploughcd  gores  between  them.  These  gores  we 
plough  separately.  They  occasion  short  rows  k  turnings, 
which  are  a  little  inconvenient,  but  not  materially  so.  I  pray 
yon  to  try  this  Recipe  for  hilly  grounds.  You  vnW  say  with 
me  'probatum  et',  and  I  shall  have  the  happiness  of  being 
Eome  use  to  you,  and  through  your  example  to  your  neigh- 
bors, and  of  adding  something  solid  to  the  assurances  of  my 
great  esteem  and  respect. 

Thos.  Jefferson. 

Washikgtox,  May  loth. 
Dear  Sir: — 

I  arrived  here  the  night  before  last,  and  yesterday  re- 
ceived from  the  post  office  your  favor  of  April  29th,  with 
others  which  had  been  accumulating  there  for  me.  I  hasten 
to  answer  it  in  order  that  the  polygraph  desk  you  have  in 
hand  for  me  may  have  the  benefit  of  the  improvements  you 
mention,  to  wit : 

The  screw  to  move  the  stay  pen. 

The  improvements  in  the  pen-bar. 

Hawkins' improvement  by  a  stay  to  govern  the  horizontal 
machinery  and  the  consequent  improvement  of  the  sup- 
porting springs  attached  to  an  extra  piece. 

The  bar  instead  of  the  brass  frame,  &  the  heavy  ruler, 
the  brass  frame  being  a  great  obstacle  to  using  the  desk  for 
ordinary  writing. 

And  the  brass  pins  instead  of  two  colours  of  cloth. 

My  suggestion  as  to  the  manner  of  making  the  solid  bed 
■was  meant  to  be  submitted  entirely  to  yourself  &  your  cab- 
inet maker,  and  so  also  was  the  size,  as  I  had  made  my 
drawing  from  memory  only,  not  having  one  of  your  poly- 
graphs before  me. 


40G      71>o)nas  J,ff'crson  lo  Charles  Willson  I\ale,  1796-l<S:o. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  receive  the  desk  as  soon  as  possible,  the 
one  I  now  use  being-  considerably  faulty.  I  am  entirely 
against  the  folding  into  the  form  of  a  writing  box,  because 
it  increases  the  size,  and  the  hinges  are  an  eye  sore  and  in 
the  way.  As  soon  as  I  get  one  quite  to  my  mind  I  shall 
probably  desire  one  or  two  more,  and  jterhaps  recommend 
them  to  the  offices.  Mr,  Barnes  tells  me  you  have  not  yet 
informed  him  of  the  price  to  be  remitted.  He  will  forward 
it  the  moment  you  will  be  so  kind  as  to  name  it  either  to 
him  or  myself     Accept  my  friendly  salutations. 

Tnos.  Jefferson. 

It  is  long,  my  dear  sir,  since  we  have  exchanged  a  letter. 
Our  former  correspondence  had  always  some  little  matter 
of  business  interspersed,  but  this  being  at  an  end,  I  shall 
still  be  anxious  to  hear  from  you  sometimes,  and  to  know 
that  you  are  well  and  happy.  I  know  indeed  that  your 
Bj^stem  is  that  of  contentment  under  any  situation.  I  have 
heard  that  you  have  retired  from  the  city  to  a  farm,  and 
that  you  give  your  whole  time  to  that.  Does  not  the  Mu- 
seum vsuffer  ?  And  is  the  farm  as  interesting  ?  Here,  as  you 
know,  we  are  all  farmers,  but  not  in  a  pleasing  style.  We 
have  so  little  labor  in  proportion  to  our  land,  that  although 
perhaps  we  make  more  profit  from  the  same  labor  we  can- 
not give  to  our  grounds  that  style  of  beauty  which  satisfies 
the  eye  of  the  amateur.  Our  rotations  are  corn,  wheat  k 
clover,  or  corn,  wheat,  clover  and  clover,  or  wheat,  corn, 
wheat,  clover  and  clover,  preceding  the  clover  by  a  plais- 
tering,  but  some,  instead  of  clover,  substitute  mere  rest,  and 
all  are  slovenly  enough.  We  are  adding  the  care  of  Merino 
sheep.  I  have  often  thought  that  if  heaven  had  given  me 
choice  of  my  position  and  calling,  it  should  have  been  on  a 
rich  spot  of  earth,  well  watered,  and  near  a  good  market 
for  the  productions  of  the  garden.  Xo  occupation  is  so 
delightful  to  me  as  the  culture  of  the  earth,  and  no 
culture  comparable  to  that  of  the  garden.  Such  a  variety 
of  subjects^  someone  always  coming  to  perfection,  the  fail- 
ure of  one    thing    repaired  by  the  success  of  another,   & 


Thomas  Jefferson  to  Charles  Willson  Peah\  1796-18:5.     407 

instead  of  one  harvest  a  continued  one  through  tlic  year. 
Under  a  total  want  of  demand,  except  for  our  family  table, 
I  am  still  devoted  to  the  garden,  but  though  an  old  man 
I  am  but  a  young  gardener.  Your  application  to  whatever 
yon  are  engaged  in  I  know  to  be  incessant,  but  Sundays 
and  rainy  days  are  always  days  of  writing  for  the  former. 
Think  of  me  sometimes  when  you  have  your  pen  in  hand, 
and  give  me  information  of  your  health  and  occupations; 
and  be  always  assured  of  my  great  esteem  k  respect. 

TnoMAS  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

MoNTiCELLO,  June  13tb,  1815. 
Dear  Sir: — 

In  your  favor  of  May  2nd  you  ask  my  advice  on  the  best 
mode  of  selling  your  Museum,  on  which  however  I  really 
am  not  qualified  to  advise.  This  depends  entirely  on  the 
genius  and  habits  of  those  among  whom  you  live,  v-dth 
which  you  are  so  much  better  acquainted.  I  wish  first  it 
may  be  disposed  of  the  most  to  your  advantage,  and  2nd 
that  it  may  not  be  separated.  If  profit  be  regarded,  the 
purchaser  must  keep  it  in  Philadelphia,  where  alone  the 
number  and  taste  of  the  inhabitants  can  ensure  its  mainte- 
nance. It  "will  be  yet  sometime  (perhaps  a  month)  before 
my  workmen  will  be  fi'ee  to  make  the  plough  I  shall  send 
you.  You  will  be  at  perfect  liberty  to  use  the  form  of  the 
mould  board,  as  all  the  world  is,  having  never  thought  of 
monopolizing  by  patent  any  useful  idea  which  happens  to 
ofier  itself  to  me :  and  the  permission  to  do  this  is  doing  a 
great  deal  more  harm  than  good.  There  is  a  late  instance 
in  this  state  of  a  rascal  going  through  every  part  of  it,  and 
swindling  the  mill  owners,  under  a  patent  of  2  years  old 
only,  out  of  2O,000D.  for  the  use  of  winged-gudgeons  which 
they  have  had  in  their  mills  for  20  years,  everyone  prefer- 
ing  to  pay  lOD.  unjustly  rather  than  to  be  dragged  into  a 
federal  court  1,  2  or  300  miles  distant.  I  think  the  corn- 
sheller  you  describe  with  two  cylinders  is  exactly  the  one 
made  in  a  neighboring  county  where  they  are  sold  at  20D. 


408      Tho/nas  Jrfcrsoii  to  Charles  WiJl^on  Peak,  1796~lS2o. 

1  propose  to  take  some  opportuiuty  of  seeing  liow  it 
performs.  The  reason  of  the  derangement  of  machines 
with  wooden  cylinders  of  any  length  is  the  springing 
of  the  timber,  to  which  while  oak  has  a  pecnliar  dispo- 
sition. For  that  reason  we  prefer  pine  as  the  least  apt  to 
spring.  You  once  told  me  of  what  wood  you  made  the 
bars  of  the  pen-frame  in  the  Polygraph,  as  springing  less 
than  any  other  wood,  and  I  have  often  wished  to  recollect  it 
but  cannot.  "\\"e  give  up  here  the  cleaning  of  clover  seed, 
because  it  comes  up  so  much  more  certainly  when  sown  in 
the  husk,  7  bushels  of  which  is  more  easily  obtained  for  the 
acre  than  the  3  pints  of  clean  seed,  which  the  sowing  box 
requires.  We  use  the  machine  you  describe  for  crushing 
corn-cobs,  &  for  which  Oliver  Evans  has  obtained  a  patent, 
altho'  to  my  knowledge  the  same  machine  has  been  made 
by  a  smith  in  Georgetown  these  16  years  for  crushing  plais- 
ter,  and  he  made  one  for  me  12  years  ago,  long  before 
Evans'  patent.  The  only  difference  is  that  he  fixes  his  hori- 
zontally and  Evans  vertically,  yet  I  chose  to  pay  Evans' 
patent  price  for  one  rather  than  be  involved  in  a  law  suit  of 

2  or  300D.  cost.  We  are  now  afraid  to  use  our  ploughs, 
every  part  of  which  has  been  patented,  although  used  ever 
since  the  fabulous  days  of  Ceres.  On  the  subject  of  the 
Bpinning  Jenny,  which  I  so  much  prefer  to  the  Arkwright 
machines,  for  simplicity,  ease  of  repair,  cheapness  of  ma- 
terial and  work,  your  neighbor  Dr.  Allison  of  Burlington 
has  made  a  beautiful  improvement  by  a  very  simple  addi- 
tion for  the  preparatory  operation  of  roving.  These  are 
much  the  best  machines  for  family  and  country  use.  For 
fulling  in  our  families  we  use  the  simplest  thing  in  the 
world.  "We  make  a  bench  of  the  widest  plank  we  can  get, 
say  half  a  yard  ^dde  at  least,  of  thick  and  heavy  stuff.  We 
cut  notches  cross  wise  of  that  2  in.  long  and  1  in.  deep,  the 
perpendicular  side  of  the  notch  fronting  the  middle  one  from 
both  ends.  On  that  we  lay  a  4  in.  board  6  ft.  long,  with  a 
pin  for  a  handle  in  each  end,  and  notched  as  the  under  one. 
A  board  is  nailed  on  each  side  of  the  under  one,  to  keep  the 


Thomas  Jcffhson  to  Charles  WiHsofi  Rak.  1796-1S25.     409 


upper  in  place  as  it  is  shoved  baolovarii  and  for^vard  and  tlie 
cloth  properly  moistened  is  laid  between  ihem.      2  hands 
full  20  yards  in  two  hours. 
Our  threshinc;  machines  are 
universally  in  England  fixed 
w'ith  Dutch  fans  for  winnow- 


cause  we  thrash  immediately 
after  harvest  to  prevent  wea- 
\dl,  and  were  our  grain  then 
laid  up  in  bulk  without  the 
chaff  in  it,  it  would  heat  and  rot 
jours, 


Ever  and  affectionately 
Thomas  Jeffersox. 


MoxTiCELLO,  August  17th,  1816. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

In  yours  of  July  7th  you  informed  me  you  had  found  a 
young  watchmaker  of  good  character  disposed  to  come  here, 
who  had  taken  time  to  consider  of  it.  Hearing  nothing 
further  of  him,  &  being  now  within  a  fortnight  of  departure 
to  Bedford  where  I  shall  be  6  weeks  I  am  anxious  to  know 
of  a  certainty,  because  were  he  to  come  during  my  absence 
he  might  not  find  the  same  facilities  for  nrst  establishment 
as  were  I  here.  I  have  a  good  deal  also  which  might  employ 
his  days  until  work  should  come  in.  I  am  sorry  to  be 
troublesome  to  you,  but  rely  on  your  oiien  experienced 
goodness  for  apology.     Ever  and  affectionately  yours 

Thomas  Jeefersgn. 

Mr.  Peale. 

MOXTICELLO,  Dcceisber  24th,  1816. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  received  in  October  a  letter  from  Mr.  MoEhenny,  whom 
you  were  so  kind  as  to  recommend  as  a  watchmaker,  in- 
forming me  he  would  come  on  to  establish  himself  at  Char- 
lottesville as  soon  as  he  could  hear  from  rae.  I  was  jtist 
about  setting  out  on  a  journey  to  Bt<iford,  and  answered 
him  therefore  by  advising  him  to  j>ostpone  his  coming  till 
my  return.     He  did  so  and  arrived  in  Charlottesville  by  the 


410      Thomas  Jtn>rson  to  Chnrh's  Willson  PcaU;  1796-18:15. 

stage  on  WoduosJay  last.  Tliursday  was  rainy.  On  Frulav 
he  came  licre,  I  kept  liiin  all  night,  and  on  Saturday  morn- 
ing went  with  him  to  Charlottesville,  presented  and  recom- 
mended hini  to  the  principal  persons  tliere,  ]>rocured  him  a 
shop  in  the  very  hest  and  most  public  position,  undertook 
to  the  landlord  for  his  year's  rent  and  board,  and  assuring 
him  of  all  other  necessary  aid  until  he  could  stand  on  his 
own  logs,  I  left  him  in  Gharlottes\nlle,  on  his  promise  to 
come  to  Monticello  Monday  morning  to  rej'air  3  or  4  clocks 
&  as  many  watches  which  we  had  needing  it,  while  his  land- 
lord would  be  fitting  up  the  room  for  him.  On  Sunday 
morning  without  a  word  of  explanation,  as  far  as  I  have 
learnt,  to  any  body,  he  got  into  the  stage  %\dth  all  his  bag- 
gage, and  went  off.  I  can  conjecture  no  cause  for  this.  A 
watchmaker  in  Stanton  (40  miles  above  this)  who  had 
received  some  work  from  this  quarter,  heard  that  I  was 
procuring  a  person  of  that  trade  to  come  here.  Mr.  ]McIl- 
henny  coming  thro'  Stanton  called  at  that  watchmaker's 
(Logan)  and  Logan  discovered  that  he  was  the  person.  He 
instantly  put  one  of  his  men  into  the  same  stage  which 
brought  Mcllhenny,  who  on  his  arrival  in  Charlottesville 
engaged  a  house,  but  the  remoteness  of  this  and  the  entire 
patronage  of  the  place  which  I  had  insured  to  Mcllhenuy, 
■\\-ith  his  excellent  stand  left  him  nothing  to  fear  from  that 
competition.  I  have  thought  it  best  to  state  these  things 
to  you  lest  his  friends  might  think  I  had  not  fulfilled  my 
proffers  of  aid  to  him,  or  discouragement  be  produced  to 
any  other  real  master  of  the  business  who  might  be  dis- 
posed to  come  and  relieve  us  from  the  bungler  whom  this 
incident  has  brought  upon  us.  It  is  an  excellent  stand  for 
a  sober,  correct  and  good  workman.  I  am  not  the  less 
thankful  to  you  for  the  trouble  you  were  so  kind  as  to  take 
in  ^elie^'ing  our  wants.  Something  erratic  and  feeble  in  the 
texture  of  this  young  man's  mind  will  I  suspect  prevent  his 
becoming  stationary  and  industrious  anywhere.  I  salute 
you  with  affection  and  respect. 

Thos.  Jefferson. 


Thomas  Jcfcrson  to  Charles  WlUs'^a  Peak,  1706-1S25.     411 
]\IOXTICELI.O,  Mr.roh   15th,  1S17. 

Dkar  Sir  : — 

Your  favor  of  Februaiy  2Stli  came  to  hand  yesterday 
evening  ouly,  Mr.  Moriieniiy  is  right  in  saying  he  left  a 
lot  tor  for  me,  but  I  uid  not  get  it  till  a  month  after  he  went 
fiway.  However  all  is  well.  AVe  have  had  the  good  fortune 
to  get  a  Swiss  from  Xewschatel,  inferior  I  think  to  no  watch- 
maker I  have  ever  known,  sober,  industrious  and  moderate. 
He  brought  me  recommendations  from  Doctor  Patterson  k 
Mr.  Harlaer.  He  completely  knocks  do^^■n  the  opposition 
bungler  who  came  from  Stanton  to  contest  the  ground  with 
Mr.  McHhenny,  gets  more  work  than  he  can  do,  and  sells 
more  watches  than  he  could  have  done  in  Philadelphia. 
Ih'ought  up  among  the  mountains  of  Switzerland  he  is  de- 
lighted with  ours.  I  admire  you  in  the  variety  of  vocations 
to  v/hich  you  can  give  your  attention.  I  cannot  do  this.  I 
wish  to  be  always  reading,  and  am  vexed  v.ath  everything 
vrhich  takes  me  from  it.  With  respect  to  my  letters  to  you 
mentioning  some  agricultural  practices,  make  what  use  you 
please  of  them,  ordy  not  giving  my  name.  This  would  draw 
letters  upon  me,  which  are  the  affliction  of  my  life  by  the 
drudgery  they  subject  me  to  in  writing  answers.  '\Ye  have 
sometimes  practised  the  feeding  with  our  corn-stalks.  We 
chop  them  m  a  trough  with  a  hatchet,  which  is  a  guillotine, 
you  know,  worked  by  hand.  I  doubt  if  the  descending  force 
added  by  the  arm  to  the  gra\'ity  of  the  hatchet  is  as  labo- 
rious as  would  be  the  lifting  power  exercised  to  raise  a  guil- 
lotine of  such  weight  as  that  its  gravity  alone  should  pro- 
duce the  same  effect.  But  trial  alone  can  prove  this,  as 
ever}i:hing  else  in  life,  and  as  it  has  proved  to  me  the  value 
of  your  friendship  and  produced  for  it  the  sincere  return  of 
mine. 

Thos.  Jefferson. 

C.  W.  Peale,  Esq. 

MONTICELLO,  February  ISth,  1818. 
Bear  Sir  : — 

Your  favor  of  January  loth  is  received,  and  I  am  in- 
debted to  you  for  others;  but  the  torpitude  of  increasing 


412      l^homas  Jcjfh'^on  to  Charles  Wllhon  2\'ah',  1796-1S23. 

yeai"s,  added  to  a  stiftening  wrist  inakiiig  writing  a  slow 
and  painful  operation,  makes  me  a  slow  correspondent.  I 
promised  you  a  plough  so  long  ago  I  dare  say  you  have  for- 
gotten it,  but  I  have  this  day  sent  it  to  Richmond  to  be  for- 
warded to  you.  I  claim  nothing  in  it  but  the  mould  board. 
As  it  has  never  been  in  the  ground,  it  w^ill  probably,  as  all 
other  new  ploughs,  need  some  little  rectification,  to  make 
it  perform  its  functions.  You  ask  my  opinion  of  a  new  in- 
vention of  spectacles.  I  never  heard  of  them  before  and 
am  at  a  loss  to  understand  how^  those  of  3  tl.  focus  can  be 
made  conveniently  to  direct  the  operations  of  the  human 
hand  which  with  difficulty  can  be  extended  to  that  distance. 
However  the  invention  answers  an  useful  purpose,  if  it  adds 
to  your  amusement,  and  I  rejoice  to  learn  that  new  im- 
provements in  your  art  increase  your  attachment  to  it ;  for 
one  of  the  evils  of  age  is  the  loss  of  interest  in  most  of 
those  employments  which  in  earlier  life  constituted  our 
happiness.  I  am  sorry  to  learn  that  you  have  still  difficul- 
ties on  the  subject  of  your  Museum.  This  ought  not  to  be 
so,  and  the  functionaries  of  your  government  ought  to 
understand  how  much  they  are  indebted  to  you  for  this 
great  ornament  to  your  City  and  State.  My  great  enjoy- 
ment is  reading,  but  an  oppressive  correspondence  rarely 
permits  me  to  look  into  a  book.  Wishing  you  many  years 
of  good  health  and  of  life  busied  to  your  mind,  I  salute 
you  with  affection  and  respect. 

Thomas  Jeffersox. 
Mr.  Peale. 

Poplar  Forest,  kear  Ly^tchbukg,  August  7th,  1819. 
My  good  friend  : — 

Passing  considerable  portions  of  my  time  at  this  place, 
I  keep  for  use  here  the  portable  Polygraph  which  Mr. 
Hawkins  was  so  kind  as  to  send  me,  but  I  have  had  the 
misfortune  to  break  one  of  its  ink  glasses,  which  suspends 
its  use,  as  no  such  thing  can  be  gotten  here,  and  to  whom 
can  I  apply  to  replace  it  but  to  a  friend  in  small  things  as 
well  as  great.     "Without  apology  therefore  I  enclose  you  the 


Thomas  Jcffcrsmi  to  Charles  Wdlson  Peak,  179G-1SJ5.     413 

gauge  of  my  glass,  and  pray  you  to  procure  one  for  nie.  I 
think  it  may  be  so  securely  packed  in  paste  board  ag  not  to 
be  in  danger  of  being  broken  in  the  maih  Address  it  to 
me,  if  you  please,  at  Monticello,  where  I  shall  be  before  it 
can  come  to  me.  For  such  a  triile  I  will  say  nothing  about 
repayment,  and  yet  if  ever  I  can  find  means  to  remit  such 
a  fraction,  it  shall  be  done.  I  salute  you  with  constant  and 
aftectionate  esteem  and  respect. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 
Mr.  Peale. 

Monticello,  April  22ncl,  1820. 
I  thank  you  dear  sir  for  the  razor  strap  you  have  been 
60  kind  as  to  send  me,  which  is  the  more  acceptable  as  I  am 
but  a  poor  barber.  I  shall  immediately  avail  myself  of  its 
abridgement  of  labor  in  razor  strapping.  AVith  respect  to 
the  plough,  your  observations  are  entirely  just,  as  I  know 
by  my  own  experience.  The  first  ploughs  I  made  were  9 
in.  longer,  and  so  effectual  in  their  functions  and  so  easy  to 
govern  that  when  once  entered  and  in  motion,  I  have  made 
the  ploughman  let  go  the  handle,  and  the  plough  has  gone 
on  for  some  steps  as  steadily,  and  as  even  as  a  boat  on  the 
water.  But  at  that  time,  30  years  ago,  the  passion  of  this 
state  was  for  light  ploughs,  and  I  yielded  to  the  cry  for 
shortening  them.  Do  not  therefore,  dear  Sir,  take  the 
trouble  of  sending  me  one,  for  besides  my  having  in  my 
family  workmen  well  skilled  in  making  them,  I  have  in 
fact  resigned  all  business  of  this  kind  to  my  grandson,  your 
old  acquaintance,  who  is  among  the  most  industrious  and 
best  farmers  of  our  state.  Although  my  ill  health  and  my 
physician  forbid  my  approach  to  the  writing  table,  I  break 
through  their  injunctions  to  acknowledge  your  letter  and  to 
renew  the  assurances  of  my  constant  friendship  and  respect. 

ThOxMas  Jefferson. 

Monticello,  Aug.  2Gtli,  1820. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  ought  sooner  to  have  thanked  you  for  your  sketch  of 
the  Court  of  death,  which  we  have  all  contemplated  with 


414      Thomas  JrlfasQu  to  Charles  Willsoft  Peak,  1796-1S25. 

great  approbation  of  the  composition  and  design.  It  pre- 
sents to  the  eye  more  morality  than  many  written  voUimes 
and  with  impressions  much  more  durable  and  indelible.  I 
have  been  sensible  that  the  Scriptural  paintings  in  the 
Catholic  Churches  produce  dee})er  impressions  on  the  peo- 
ple generally  tlian  they  receive  from  reading  the  books 
themselves,  with  much  more  good  to  others.  I  hope  Mr. 
Rembrandt  Peale  will  receive  for  himself  not  only  the  future 
fame  he  is  destined  to  acquire,  but  immediate  and  just 
compensation  and  comfort  for  the  present,  for  I  sincerely 
wish  prosperity  and  happiness  to  you  and  all  yours. 

Thos.  Jeffersox. 
C.  W.  Peale,  Esq. 

MONTICELLO,  December  28th,  1S20. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

'Nothing  is  troublesome  which  we  do  willingly'  is  an 
excellent  apophthegm,  and  which  can  be  applied  to  no  mind 
more  truly  than  yours.  On  this  ground  I  am  sure  you  wnll 
be  so  good  as  to  exchange  the  pair  of  ink-glasses  you  sent 
me,  &  which  the  furnisher  will  doubtless  exchange.  They 
are  a  little  too  large  to  enter  the  sockets  of  the  polygraph  I 
keep  in  Bedford,  as  I  found  on  a  late  x-isit  to  that  place.  I 
return  them  to  you  in  a  box  of  wood,  in  the  bottom  of 
which  I  have  had  a  mortise  made  of  the  true  size.  Glasses 
which  will  enter  that  freely  will  exactly  answer.  Knowing 
the  friendly  interest  you  take  in  my  health,  I  will  add  that 
it  is  not  quite  confirmed,  but  is  improving  slowly.  My 
stiffening  wrist  in  the  meantime  gets  worse,  &  will  ere  long 
deprive  me  quite  of  the  use  of  the  pen.  Ever  and  affec- 
tionately yours, 

Thomas  Jeffersox. 

Mr.  Peale. 

MONTICELLO,  October  23rd,  1822. 

Dear  Sir: — 

I  could  never  be  a  day  without  thinking  of  you,  were  it 
only  for  my  daily  labors  at  the  Polygraph  for  which  I  am 
indebted  to  you.     It  is  indeed  an  excellent  one,  and  after 


Thomas  JdJWson  (o  Charlrs  Wdhon  I'coh\  1796-1S:5.     415 

12  or  14  years  of  hard  service  it  has  failed  in  nothiiiir  except 
the  spiral  springs  of  silver  wire  which  suspend  tlie  pen 
frame.  Tliese  are  all  hut  disahled,  and  my  lingers  are  too 
clumsy  to  venture  to  rectify  them,  were  they  susceptihle  of 
it.  I  am  tempted  to  ask  you  if  you  have  ever  thought  of 
trying  a  cord  of  elastic  gum.  If  this  would  answer,  its 
simphcity  would  admit  any  buTigler  to  prepare  and  apply  it. 

It  is  right  for  old  friends,  now  and  then  to  ask  each 
other  how  they  do  ?  The  question  is  short  and  will  give 
little  trouble  either  to  ask  or  answer.  I  ask  it  therefore, 
observing  in  exchange  that  my  own  health  is  tolerably  good, 
but  that  I  am  too  -weak  to  walk  further  than  my  garden 
without  suffering,  altho'  I  ride  without  fatigue  6  or  8  miles 
every  day,  and  sometimes  20.  I  salute  you  with  constant 
and  aftectionate  friendship  and  respect. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

MoNTiCELLO,  February  26th,  1S23. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

Your  favor  of  the  8th  has  been  received  with  the  Poly- 
graph wire  you  were  so  Idnd  as  to  send  me.  Your  friendly 
attentions  to  my  little  wants  kindle  the  most  lively  senti- 
ments of  thankfulness  in  me.  The  breaking  of  an  ink- 
glass,  the  derangement  of  a  wire,  which  cannot  be  supplied 
in  a  country  situation  like  ours,  w^ould  render  an  instrument 
of  cost  and  of  incalculable  value  entirely  useless ;  as  both 
of  my  Polygraphs  would  have  been,  but  for  your  kind  atten- 
tions. 

It  must  be  a  circumstance  of  vast  comfort  to  you  to  be 
blest  with  sons  capable  of  maintaining  such  an  establishment 
as  you  have  effected.  It  has  been  a  w^onderful  accomplish- 
ment, is  an  honor  to  the  U.S.  and  merits  their  patronage. 

The  fractured  bone  of  my  arm  is  well  reunited,  but  my 
hand  and  fingers  are  in  discouraging  condition,  rendered 
entirely  useless  by  a  dull  oedematous  swelling,  which  has  at 
one  time  been  threatening,  and  altho'  better  is  still  obsti- 
nate.    It  is  more  than  three  months  since  the  accident,  and 


416      lliomas  Jc/erson  to  Charles  W^(hon  Pcale,  1790-lSJo. 

yet  it  iiulu'utes  no  definite  term.  This  misfortune  with  the 
crippled  state  of  my  right  hand  also  renders  me  very  help- 
less, and  all  but  incapable  of  writing.  Ever  and  alTec- 
tionately  yours, 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

MOXTICELLO,  July  18th,  1S24. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  do  not  wonder  tliat  visitors  to  your  Museum  come  from 
afar.     K  not  equal  to  some  in  Europe   it  possesses  much 
which  they  have  not.     Of  the  advantage  of  Mr.  Waterton's 
mode  of  preserving  animal  subjects  with  sublimate  instead 
of  arsenic  you  are  the  best  judge.     I  greatly  wish  success 
to  Rembrandt  in  his  new  enterprise  of  the  equestrian  por- 
trait of  General  AVashington.   He  is  no  doubt  however  aware 
of  the  partialities  of  the  public  functionaries  to  economy 
and  that  with  some  it  is  the  lirst  object.     He  may  meet  dis- 
appointment at  that  market,  but  at  that  of  the  world  I  pre- 
sume he  is  safe.     Among  your  greatest  happinesses  must  be 
the  possession  of  such  sons,  so  devoted  to  the  arts  of  taste 
as  well  as  of  use,  and  so  successful  in  them,  and  the  con- 
tinuance in  the  same  powers  at  an  age  so  advanced  as  yours 
is  a  blessing  indeed.     My  eyes  are  good,  also.     I  use  spec- 
tacles only  at  night;  and  I  am  particularly  happy  at  not 
needing  your  teeth  of  porcelain.     I  have  lost  one  only  by 
age,  the  rest  continuing  sound.     I  ride  every  day  from  3  or 
4  to  8  or  10  miles  ^^-ithout  fatigue,  but  I  am  little  able  to 
walk,  and  never  further  than  my  garden.     I  should  indeed 
have  been  happy  to  have  received  the  visit  you  meditated  in 
the  spring.    Yet  in  the  fall  it  will  be  more  gratify-ing  to  you, 
in  BO  much  as  our  central  and  principal  building  will  be 
more  advanced,  that  which  is  to  unite  all  into  one  whole, 
and  give  it  the  unity,  the  want  of  which  has  hitherto  lessened 
its  impression.     We  shall  want  a  fresco  painted  for  one  of 
the  apartments,  which  however  is  not  yet  ready  and  perhaps 
may  not  be  until  the  next  year.     I  asked,  by  way  of  post- 
script in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Vaughan  whether  there  is  such  an 


Thomas  JelJcrson  to  Charles  Wllhon  Pcalc,  1796-1825.     417 

artist  in  the  U.S.  lli:^  answer  leaves  it  doubtful,  and  our 
job  is  too  small  to  tiiink  of  inviting  one  from  Italy  where 
thev  are  as  plenty  as  oil  painters  with  us.  Your  letters  give 
me  a  great  pleasure,  altho  my  difficulties  of  writing  do  not 
always  permit  me  to  count  letter  for  letter.  I  do  not  the 
less  preserve  you  ever  &  constantly  in  my  affections  and 
great  respect. 

Thos.  Jefferson. 
C.  W.  Peale. 

MoxTiCELLO,  September  15th,  1825. 

Dear  Sir  : — 

I  received  yesterday,  and  with  great  pleasure,  your  favor 
of  the  10th,  informing  me  of  your  good  health,  which  I 
hope  may  long  continue.  For  7  years  past  mine  has  been 
sensibly  declining,  and  latterly  is  quite  broken  down.  I 
have  nov/  been  coniined  to  the  house,  and  chiefly  to  my 
couch,  for  4  months,  by  a  derangement  of  the  urinary 
system,  which  as  yet  exhibits  no  prospect  of  a  definite  ter- 
mination. I  think  your  resignation  to  your  sons  of  the 
care  of  your  Museum,  as  you  propose,  entirely  wise;  it  is 
now  some  years  since  I  turned  over  to  my  grandson  all  my 
worldly  aiFairs.  Without  this  indeed  I  could  not  have  car- 
ried on  those  of  our  University.  For  the  last  7  years  they 
have  occupied  the  whole  of  my  time ;  and  so  far  the  insti- 
tution promises  all  the  success  I  could  have  expected.  We 
have  as  yet  been  only  six  months  in  operation,  and  have  110 
students ;  and  at  our  next  commencement  the  numbers  will 
be  beyond  the  extent  of  our  accommodations.  We  have 
great  reason  to  be  pleased  so  far  with  their  order  and  dili- 
gence, w^hich  I  think  will  continue.  A  visit  from  you, 
making  Jklonticello  your  headquarters,  would  give  me  great 
pleasure,  and  the  more  should  my  health  improve,  so  as  to 
enable  me  to  accompany  you.  Your  new^  arrangement  wdth 
your  sons  v^dll  I  hope  give  you  leisure  for  it. 

The  excellent  Polygraph  you  furnished  me  with  16  or  18 
years  ago  has  continued  to  perform  its  functions  well  till 
within  a  12  month  past.  By  the  mere  wearing  of  its  joints,  as 
VOL.  xxviir. — 27 


418      Thomas  Jeferson  to  Charleys  Willsoa  Peak,  1796-1S25. 

I  suppose,  it  became  at  last  so  rickety  tiiat  I  was  obliged  to 
give  it  up;  and  believing  nobody  but  yourself  could  put  it 
to  rights,  I  have  held  it  up  for  a  safe  hand  to  whom  I  could 
trust  its  transportation  to  you.  Such  an  one  now  occurs, 
by  Mr.  Ileiskell,  a  merchant,  and  neighbor  of  mine,  who 
sets  out  for  Thiladelphia  by  the  stage  about  the  20th  to 
procure  his  annual  supply  of  merchandise.  He  will  deliver 
it  to  you  on  his  arrival  in  Philadelphia  and  if  you  could 
immediately  take  it  in  hand,  it  may  be  ready  in  time  for  his 
bringing  it  back.  lie  will  also  pay  you  the  expense  of 
repairs,  and  of  several  little  things,  as  spiral  chains,  inkpots 
etc,  which  you  have  been  heretofore  so  kind  as  to  furnish 
me  for  my  polygraphs.  The  beautiful  little  portable  one 
which  Mr.  Hawkins  sent  me  is  novr  in  a  similar  rickety 
condition,  and  I  am  sorry  that,  being  at  a  distant  place, 
where  I  have  kept  it  for  use,  I  cannot  send  it  by  this  favor- 
able opportunity.  I  shall  have  it  brought  here  and  forward 
it  to  you  by  some  future  conveyance.  During  the  12  months 
that  the  one  now  sent  has  been  disabled,  I  have  had  double 
drudgery  to  perform  in  writing,  which  has  been  very  oppres- 
sive, and  now,  I  hope  will  be  relieved. 

Accept  the  assurance  of  my  aiiectionate  attachment  and 

respect. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

Monticp:llo,  December  4th,  1825. 

Dear  Sir  : — 

Mr.  Heiskill  delivered  my  Polygraph  safe  and  in  good 
condition,  and  when  I  consider  how  much  time  and  labor  it 
has  saved  me  since  his  return  I  look  back  with  regret  to 
that  which  I  have  lost  by  the  w^ant  of  it  a  year  or  two.  The 
gold  pens  write  charmingly  as  free  pens,  and  I  use  them  for 
my  common  writing  in  preference  to  the  quill,  but  when 
applied  to  the  polygraph  I  find  that  they  make  the  shank 
of  the  copying  pen  so  long  as  to  wabble  and  be  unsteady. 
I  return  therefore  to  the  old  pen  point  as  best.  But  why 
not  make  these  of  gold  also,  and  save  the  everlasting 
trouble  of  mending  the  pens  ?     As  I  see  no  rea.son  to  doubt 


7ho7nas  Jiferson  to  Charles  WiUson  Peak,  J796-1S?5.     419 

the  preference  of  tlie  golden  point,  I  have  cut  two  of  quill 
which  exactly  suit  and  fit  between  the  two  leaves  of  the  nib 
of  mj  pen-tube.  I  shall  be  very  glad  if  your  artist  will 
make  me  a  pair  of  gold  points  of  the  same  length,  breadth, 
thickness  and  form ,  very  exactly.  The  pen-tube  itself  having 
its  6crew  so  worn  as  no  longer  to  command  motion  in  the 
pen,  I  am  obliged  to  send  it  to  you,  for  we  have  no  body  here 
who  can  do  anything  of  the  kind.  "Wliether  the  old  thread 
can  be  cut  deeper  or  a  new  screw  must  ])e  made  you  will  be 
best  judge.  I  have  stuck  one  of  my  model  points  into  the  nib 
of  this,  and  the  other  is  detached.  In  making  a  remittance  to 
Mr.  Vaughan  of  a  fractional  sum  there  will  be  a  fractional 
balance  of  3  or  4  D.  over  which  I  pray  him  to  pay  over  to 
you  to  cover  these  little  jobs,  and  the  sooner  you  can  send 
me  the  tube  and  points  by  mail,  the  sooner  I  can  resume 
the  use  of  my  polygraph. 

On  the  loth  inst.  I  shall  have  an  opportunity  by  a  student 
of  our  University  returning  to  Philadelphia  for  the  vacation, 
to  send  you  my  other  Polygraph,  which  needs  a  little  recti- 
fication only.  God  bless  you  and  long  preserve  a  life  past 
in  doing  so  many  kindnesses  to  your  friends.  My  health  is 
improving,  and  I  am  now  able  to  get  on  my  horse  again. 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

Mr.  Peale. 

MoNTiCELLO,  Dec.  28,  1825. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

In  mine  of  the  1st  I  mentioned  that  I  would  send  my 
other  Polygraph  by  Mr.  Millar  of  Germantowh  a  student  of 
ours  who  w^ould  return  after  vacation.  I  did  so  and  he 
promised  to  call  on  you  with  it  on  his  arrival  in  Philadel- 
phia, which  would  be  about  the  20th.  Since  that  I  have  had 
full  trial  of  my  gold  pen  points  which  I  received  safely  in 
yours  of  the  9th.  They  answer  so  perfectly  and  so  much 
better  than  anything  else  which  I  have  tried  that  I  will  pray 
you  to  put  the  same  kind  into  the  one  you  have  in  hand. 
Ever  and  affectionately 

Yours, 

Thomas  Jefferson. 


420  F)i<jravrd  Works  of  David  Edu-m. 

ENGRAVED    WOEKS   OF   DAYID   EDWIX. 

(Not  mentioned  iu  Mr.   Hildeburn's  List.) 

BY   MANTLE    FIELDING. 

[TuE  Penxsylyania  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography 
published  in  1894  a  most  interesting  list  of  engravings  by  David  Edwin, 
compiled  by  Mr.  Charles  R,  Hildeburn.  Since  that  time  a  number  of 
portraits  have  been  found,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  following  additions, 
together  with  a  list  of  subject  prints,  will  be  of  interest  to  the  collectors 
of  the  works  of  David  Edwin.] 

Joseph  Addison. 
Full  bust,  head  to  left,     (under)     Edwin  sc.     Addison. 
Published  by  R.  Johnson ;   1805.  H.  3.2/16".    Oval.     (Tlie 
Poetical  Works  of  Joseph  Addison  16^  Philadelphia.    1805.) 

Alexander  1st.  Emperor  of  Russia. 
Bust,  in  uniform,  cocked  hat,  to  right  (under)    J).  Edwin 
80.     Alexander  1st.  Emperor  of  Russia.     Vig.  in  rectangle. 
H.  4.9/16"— W.  3.7/16". 
I.  As  described. 
n.  (above)  Farrand,  Malloiy  &  Co.     Boston. 

W^^  Bainbridge. 
Commodore  W"^  Bainbridge  of  the  United  States  JTavj. 
("of  the  United  States  Xavy"  in  open  letters.)    H.  3.3/4"— 
W".  3.1/8".     Stuart  pinx.     Edwin  sc. 

John  Bernard. 

(Not  fizlly  noted  in  Hildeburn.) 
Full  bust,  head  slightly  to  left,     (under)     T.  B.  Freeman 
excudit/     D.  Edwin  Sc/     Mr.  Bernard,  Comedian/     Phila. 
Published  by  T.  B.  Freeman  May  1st  1796./     Oval.     Line 
border.     II.  6"— W.  4.12/16". 

Note. — Hildeburn  mentions  having  seen  only  one  print  of  this  por- 
trait, and  that  an  imperfect  one,  cut  close,  in  Philips's  collection  in  the 


Engraved  ^yorks  of  David  Rbvin.  421 

Academy  of  Fine  Arts.  A  perfect  iuipressiou  with  full  margin  is  in 
collection  of  portraits,  Ridgway  Erauch  of  Philadelphia  Library, 
Pliiladelphia. 

DV  Blackmore. 

Full  bust,  in  robes,  witli  wig.  Head  to  right,  nearly  full 
face.  Oval.  H.  3.1/16"— W.^2.8/1G".  (under)  D.  Edwin, 
fc.     Dr  Blackmore.     Published  by  R.  Johnson. 

Edm?  Bukke. 

Right  Hon^l^  Edm'f  Burke.  (under)  D.  Edwin  fo. 
Three  quarters  to  left,  \\\th  spectacles.  Oval,  H.  3.3/16" 
— W.  2.12/16". 

Robert  Burns. 

Full  bust,  head  to  right,  body  to  left,  (under)  Edwin 
EC.     Oval.     H.  2.3/-1"— W.  2.1/8".     Oval. 

Adam  Clark. 

Full  bust,  ^\dth  cocked  hat.  Head  to  left,  nearly  full  face. 
Oval.  H.  3.3/8"— W.  2/11/16".  (under)  Edwin  sc.  Adam 
Clark,  L.L.D. 

John  Crawford. 

Bust,  head  to  right,  (under)  The  late  John  Crawford 
M.D./R.D.G.M.  of  Masons  in  Maryland./  D.  Edwin  sc/.  En- 
graved agreeably  to  a  resolution  of  Cassia  Lodge,  No.  45, 
as  a  tribute  of  personal/  regard  k  of  respect,  for  the  many 
virtues  that  adorn  his  character./  H.  3.2/16"— W.  2.8/16". 
Oval. 

M^  Duff  as  Hamlet. 

Williams  del^  Edwin  k  Boyd  sc.  Bust  to  right,  head 
to  left.  Vig.  n.  3.5/16"— W.  3".  (Polyanthos- August 
1812.) 

Peter  Francisco. 

This  representation  of  Peter  Francisco's  gallant  action 
with  nine  of  Tarleton's  Cavalry,  in  sight  of  four  hundred 
men,  which  took  place  in  Amelia  Co.  Virginia  in  1781,  is 
respectfully  inscribed  to  him  by  James  Webster  and  James 


422  Engraved  ^York.'^  of  Darid  Edwin. 

Warrell.  Do3ii:;ued  by  AVarrell,  Drawn  by  l^arralet.  En- 
graved by  D.  Edwin,— Rectangle.  H.  20"— W.  25.7/8" — 
rublished  December  1"  1814. 

D'}   Franklin  aged  84. 

Full  bust,  bead  to  left,  w-itb  spectacles.  Oval.  11.  2.1/2" — 
W.  2".     (under)  C.  W.  Peale  Pinx.  D.  Edwin  sc. 

Frederick  William  III.  and  his  Wife. 

Frederick   William   III,    King    of   Prussia  and    Louisa 
Augustina  ^Yilbelmiua  Amelia  of  Mecklenbourg  Strelitz 
his  Wife.    Busts,  profiles  to  left  (under)  D.  Edv/in  sc.     Oval 
in  rectangle.     II.  4.7/16" — W.  3.3/8". 
I.  As  described. 

11.  (above)  Farrand,  Mallory  &  Co.     Boston. 

Published  in  "  Ladle's  &  Gentlemen's  Cabinet  of  Extracts, 
or  Mirror  of  Wonder,  and  Amusements  being  Choice  Selec- 
tions in  Nature  &  Art."  Boston.  Published  by  J.  Teal, 
(quarto.) 

Solomon  Gessner. 

Bust,  in  profile,  to  right,  (under)  D.  Edwin  fc^  Gess- 
ner. Publish'd  by  J.  Savage  Jan^  1^.^  1802.  H.  4" — W. 
3.1/8".     Oval. 

John  IIawkesworth. 

Full  bust,  head  to  right,     (under)     D.  Edwin  fc :     John 
Hawkesworth  L  L  D.     H.  3.6/16"— W.  2.11/16".     Oval. 
I.  As  described. 
n.  Modern  restrike. 

Henry  IY. 

Bust,  to  left.     Oval,     (over  print)/      Parsons'  Genuine 
Edition  of   Hume's  England./       (under)       /Engrav'd    by 
Ed\\dn,  from  an  Original  Painting./    Henry  IY./    Engraved 
for  J.  Parsons,  21,  Paternoster  Row,  August  17.  1793./ 
I.  As  described. 

11.  First  and  last  lines  erased. 


Engraved  ^yr■rks  of  David  Elwiu.  423 

Homer. 

Bust,  on  engraved  title.  The  Analectic  ^^agazinc  Vol- 
ume III  rUiladelphia.  Published  by  M.  Thomas,  N°  52 
Chestnut  St.  1814  (under)  C.  R.  Leslie  Del.  Edwin  so. 
Over  the  bust — "  Sparsas  Colligere  Frondes."  Vig.  H. 
2.7/8"— ^V.  4.3/8". 

Marie  Antoinette.  '     ' 

Louis  XYI/  and/  Marie  Antoinette/  Engrav'd  by  D. 
Edwin  from  the  original  just  Pub"?  at  Paris./  Published  by 
G.  G.  J.  and  J.  Robinson  Paternoster  Pov/.  Full  busts,  in 
double  circle,  2.3/8"  Avithin  rectangle  4.1/8"  x  2.9/16". 

Luther   Martin. 
Bust,  to  right,     (under)     Edwin  sc.     H.  3"— 2.7/16". 

L  As  described. 
n.  Luther  Martin  (fac-simile)  added.  A  Modern  Restrike. 

SULIMAN    MeLLIMELNI. 

Bust,  with  high  fez,  to  left,     (under)     Edwdn   Sc.     H. 
3.5/16"_W.  2.11/16". 
L  As  described. 
n.  Before  ''Edwin  Sc." 

Harriet  Atwood  Xit^vell. 
Nearly  half  length,  to  right,     (under)     W.  Doyle  pinx? 
Jj.  Edwin  sc.     M'?  Harriet  Newell.     Published  by  Samuel 
T.  Armstrong  Printer  and  Bookseller  X?  50  Cornhill  Bos- 
ton.    H.  3.5/16"— TV.  2.10  16".     Oval. 
L  As  described  in  Hildeburn. 
IL  "  Published  by   Samuel   T.  Ai-rastrong  Printer  and 
Bookseller  X'?   50   Cornhill  Boston."  erased  and 
the  following  substituted : — "  M'?  Harriet  Xewell./ 
Wife  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Newell,  died  at  Port/ 
Louis  in  the  Isle  of  France,  Xov.  30'f»  1812  in  the 
20^*"/  year  of  her  age,  La^-ing  accompanied  her 
husband  in/  the  benevolent   attempt  to    preach 
Christ  to  the  Heathen." 


424  Enr/rarcd  ^yorks  of  David  Edwin. 

Brig^  Gen^^  Pike. 
Late  of  the  United  States  Army./     Fell  at  the   Capture 
of  York  on  Lake  Ontario.     Half  length— uuifonn  to  n<rht. 
Rectangle.      Pealc    pinxt.     D.   Edwin.     K.   4.15  16"— W 
3.15/16'^ 

Plutarch. 
Bust,  in  profile,  to   right    (under)    D:   Edwin   fc       H 
3,0/16'^— W.  2.12/16''. 

W.    SlIAKSPEARE. 

Bust,  to  right,  (under)  ]).  Ed^Yin  so./  W.  Shakspeare/ 
Oval.  H.  V'~W.  S.SjW.I  Monroe  &  Francis  Third 
Edition./     (Shakspeare  Works.     9  Vols  12?  Boston,  1810.) 

John  Walker. 
Full  bust,  to  left,     (under)     Edwin  Sc.     John  Walker. 
Engraved  for  D.  :NLallory  &    C?   Boston.    II.   3  6/16"— W 
2.9/16".     Oval. 

I.  As  described  in  Ilildeburn. 
n.  "  Engraved  for  D.  Mallory  &  C°  Boston."  erased. 

George  Washington. 

Bust  to  riglit,  profile.  Circle.  Obverse  of  a  medal  in- 
scribed «  G.  Washington  Pres.  Unit.  Sta."  on  same  plate, 
the  reverse  inscribed,  "  Commiss  Resigned:  Presidency 
Relinq.  1797"     Diameter  1.10/16". 

Note.— This  print  is  ascribed  to  Edwin  by  Mr.  Chas.  H.  Hart. 


SUBJECT  PRmTS.  . 

Cain  and  Abel. 

(above)     The/  Death  of  Abel/  In  Five  Books,/  From  the/ 

German  of  Gessner,/ Harrison  Jun^SculpV  With/  Xew  Idyls./ 

Philadelphia:/  Printed  by  ThofL.Plowman./     1802./     Cain 

standing  with  club  in  attitude  of  striking  Abel  kneeling, 


Engraved  Works  of  David  JEdicin.  425 

surrounded  by  clouds,  figure  in  back-ground,     (under)  B. 
Edwin  fo^     H.  3.11/16"— W.  3.14/16'C 

Electricity. 
Configurations  made  by  means  of  electricity     II.  9" — W. 
8"  (under)  D.  Edwin  Sc. 

The  Creation  of  Eve. 
Adam  and  Eve;  figures  surrounded  by  rocks;  clouds 
above;  Adam  reclines  agaiust  boulder, — Eve  with  arms 
Btretched  above  to  ligbt  in  clouds,  stands  or  leans  beside 
Lim.  Rectangle.  H.  5.3/4"— W.  3.14/16".  Right  cor- 
ner.— D.  Edwin  sc. 

Sculpture  Plate  I./ 
Drawn  by  H.  Howard.     Engraved  by  I).  Edwin./     From 
an  Antique  Marble  Group  of  Cupid  &  Psyche  in  the  Capi- 
tol./    Rectangle.     II.  8.7/8"— W.  6". 

Psyche. 

Frontispiece/  (Octagon,  with  kneeling  Psyche  putting 
arrows  in  quiver.)  D.  Edwin  sc./  "Then  kneeling  down," 
etc.  etc.,  5  hues  Pub.  by  Belcher  &  Armstrong  X.  70  State 
Street,  Boston  1808. 

The  Seasons. 

The  Seasons,  by  James  Thompson.  (Frontpiece)  Female 
figures  draped  in  the  position  of  flying ;  below  the  earth 
surrounded  by  clouds  over  w^hich  they  are  spreading  a 
cloak.  H.  1.1/8"— W.  2.1/4".  Singleton,  del.  Vig.  Balti- 
more.    Published  by  F.  Lucas,  jun. 

The  Virgin  Mary  &  Child! 
Raphael  Pinxt.  D.  Edwin  sc.  (Engraved  for  Collin's 
Quarto  Bible.  Third  edition,  1814.)  Rectangle.  II. 
5.7/16."— W.  4.5/16".  Relettered  for  Fourth  Edition 
1816.  Edwin  &  Maverick  sc.  Also  in  Paul  Wright's 
Life  of  Christ.     4°  Schenectady  1814. 


426  Engraved  Worls  of  David  Edwin. 

The  Darlixg  Asleep. 

Vignette  of  female  seated  with  moon-faced  infant  on  her 
lap.     8  lines,     (under)     D.  Edwin. 
I-     As  described. 

n.     "  D.  Ed^Wn"  erased  and  -  Engraved  for  the  Casket  " 
etc.  added.  ' 

Musical  Instruments. 

Ancient  Musical  Instruments.     Plate  I.    (8  fi^nres  ^     D 
Ed^vin  sc.  \       o         j        • 

Anatomical    Plates. 

Plate  III    C.Bell,  del.     D.  Edwin  sc.    Plate  YH.     C  Bell 
ciel.     D.  Edwin  sc. 

Ana^,„yof,kem«rt.     Plate  I.     Fig.  1.     Fig.  2.     C.  Bell 
ciei.     D.  Edwm  sculp. 

Anatomu  of  the  Head  and  Neck.     Plate  DI.     C.  Bell  del 
jj.  Edwin  sc. 

^natonvj  of  the  Head.     Plate  JY.     Fig.   1.     Section    of 
Head.     Fig.  2.     Arteries.     C.Bell.     D.  Edwin  sculp. 

Anatomy  of  the  Brain.     Plate  V.     C.  Bell  del.     D.Ed™ 
sculp. 

Anatomy  of  the  Arm  and  Shoulder.     Plate  VI      C    Bell 
del.     D.  Edwin. 

Anatomy  of  the  Hand.     Additional  plate  VI.     C.  Cheyne 
del.     D.  Edwin  sculp.  ^ 

Anatomy  of  the    Viscera.     Plate  ^TI.     C.  Bell  del      D 
Edwin  sculp. 

Anatomy  of  the  Arteries  and  Trunk.     Plate  YIJl.     C.  Bell 
D.  Edwin  sculp. 

^  Anatomy   of  the  Leg  Anterior.     Plate  IX.     C.  Bell   del. 
D.  Edwin  sculp. 

Anatomy  of  the  Leg  Posterior.     Plate  X.     C.  Bell  del      D 
Edwin  sculp. 


Eiuirarcd  Works  of  David  Ednnn.  427 

Prayer  Book  Frontispiece. 

Engraved  title  with  vignette.  Edwin  so.  to  Book  of 
Common  Prayer,  Philadelphia,  1812. 

The  Portfolio. 

Vol.  n.  (Frontpiece.)  Child  lightly  draped,  crowned 
with  flowers.  D.  Edwin  sc.  H.  2.3/8"— W.  2.1/2".  Pub- 
lished by  Bradford  &  Inskeep,  Philadelphia,  and  Inskeep 
k  Bradford,  Xew  York. 

Vol.  4,  (Frontpiece.)  Female  figure,  seated  with 
Cupids.  Vignette.  Philadelphia.  Published  by  Bradford 
&  Liskeep  and  Inskeep  &  Bradford,  iSTew  York. 

Vol.  5.  (Frontpiece.)  Xude  child  as  Bachanti,  reclin- 
ing against  tiger,  crowned  with  \'ines.  D.  Edwin  sc. 
II.  2.i.S"—^V.  4.1/8"  Philadelphia.  Published  by  Brad- 
ford &  Inskeep  and  Inskeep  Sc  Bradford,  Xew  York  1811. 

Vol.  6.  (Frontpiece.)  Angel,  with  lyre,  foot  resting 
on  top  of  globe.  Edwin  sc.  H.  2.11/16"— W.  2"  Phila- 
delphia. Published  by  Bradford  &  Inskeep  and  Inskeep  & 
Bradford,  Xew  York  1811. 

Vol.  7.  (Frontpiece.)  Group,  Female  figures  with 
cupids  sacrificing  to  the  graces.  Edwin  sc.  H.  2.3/4" — 
W.  3.3/4"  Philadelphia.  Published  by  Bradford  &  Ins- 
keep and  Inskeep  &  Bradford,  Xew  York  1813. 

Infancy  of  the   Scottish  Music 

Oval,  Shepard  &  Shepardess  with  dog, — landscape  back- 
ground, (under)  Cosway  R.  A.  Pinxt  D.  Edwin  Sculpt 
(four  lines) 

"He  tun'd  his  pipe  &  reed  sae  sweet, 
The  birds  stood  list'ning  by  ; 
Ev'n  the  dull  cattle  stood  &  gaz'd, 
Charm'd  wi  his  melody." 
(over) 

Infancy  of  the  Scottish  Music  H.  4.3/16"— W.  6.2/16" 
borderline  2/16" 


428    Jfarriaffc  Licensee  of  C<iroline  Co.,  3Iari,'hind,  1774-1815. 


MAEEIAGE  LICENSES  OF  CAROLINE  COUNTY,  MARY- 
LAND, 1774-1815. 

CONTRlurTED    BY    HENRY    DOWXES   CRANOK. 

(Concluded  froiu  page  345.) 

ISOO. 

January    1.  ^Villiam  Ross  and  Ann  Cansey. 

8.  Thomas  Hardint;:  and  Bethany  — • — . 


Egdell  Scondrach  and  Sally  Edgell. 
34.  Thomas  Reynolds  and  Frances  Smith. 

16.  W".  Vickei-s  and  Ritty  Pritchett. 
18.  Jeremiah  Rhodes  and  Sarah  Cooper. 
22.  Andrew  Covey  and  Sarah  Morgan. 

24.  Robert  Jordan  and  Dorcas  Hopkins. 
February    8.  John  Hancock  and  Sally  Boon. 

17.  Henry  Coursey  and  Rachel  Merrick. 
March  18.  William  Elliott  and  Rebecca  Banoick. 

Daniel  Stevens  and  Juliana  AYaddell. 

25.  John  Lee  and  Nancy  Boon. 

April     7.  Joshua  Lucas  and  Elizabeth  Yalliant. 

29.  Stephen  Lucas  and  Leah  Lecorapte. 
May    1.  James  Harris  and  Lovey  Parker. 

13.  John  Cooper  and  Lydia  Cooper. 
"    Thomas  Garrett  and  Xancy  Frampton. 

17.  William  Plummer  and  Rebecca  Booker. 

20.  John  Corrie  and  Rachel . 

June  16.  Hezekiah  Satterficld  and  Peggy  Diggins. 

22.  George  Price  and  Xancy  Williamson. 
July  29.  Thomas  Jones  and  Ann  Hollingsworth. 

30.  Levin  AVright  and  Mary  Ward. 
August    2.  John  Cooper  and  Sarah  Smith. 

20.  Samuel  Lyons  and  Dorcas  Craynor. 

26.  Miles  Hearnes  and  Sarah  Glandon. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  3Iari/hnd,  J774-1S1.5.     429 

September    3.  Robert  Stewart  and  ;N'ancy  Chance. 
H.  Charles  Case  and  Precilla  Mereditta. 
22.  Joseph  Yickers  and  Betsy  DaAns. 
2o.  Josiah  Genn  and  Margaret  Barker.  .; 

October  28.  Andrew  Oram  and  Elizabeth . 

ISTovember     4.  John  Clougli  and  Hannah  Prate. 

8.  Peregrine  Byard  and  Arabella  Ilardeastle. 

11.  Elijah  Barwick  and  Ann  Evitts. 

12.  Giles  Hicks  and  Xancy  Fountaine. 
15.  Joseph  Talbot  and  Elizabeth  Mason. 
29.  John  Clark  and  Christiana  OT^onald. 
29.  Solomon  Brown  and  Hester  Boon. 

December    3.  Nathaniel  Sitterfield  and  Xisah  Cahall. 
8.  Peter  Thilcnte  and  Polly  Dean. 

12.  Paul  Connaway  and  Priscilla  Gauslin, 

13.  Edmond  Farrele  and  Elizabeth  Winchester. 
17.  John  Council  and  Patty  Clemants. 

20.  John  Ashland  and  Ehzabeth  Welsh. 

22.  TVHiite  B.  Smith  and  Airey  Brown. 
24.  John  Street  and  ^lary  Herrin. 

29.  Joseph  W.  Cerod  and  Rachel  Birth. 

ISOl. 
January     3.  Thomas  Fountain  and  Mary  Manship. 
3.  Levi  Burt  and  Sally  Swift. 
6.  Ephraim  Faulkner  and  Esther  Harro^viield. 
6.  Garritson  "VTaddle  and  Elizabeth  Fisher. 

11.  Peter  Hubbord  and  Mary  Collins. 

12.  John  Martiudale  and  Charlotte  ^^lontague. 
17.  James  Black  and  Rachel  Swift.. 

23.  Sanders  Griffin  and  Mary  Sherman. 

24.  James  Xicols  and  Elizabeth  Blades. 
24.  James  Wilson  and  Lydia  Baynard. 
27.  Henry  Garey  and  Hannah  Sylvester. 

30.  Neils  Xeall  and  Lydia . 

February    3.  William  Dillin  and  Nancy  Morgan. 

"    Nathan  Plumer  [  ?]  and  Sarah  Boon. 


430    Marriage  Licenses  of  QiroUnc  Co.,  3Iar)jlanJ,  1774-1815. 

February  4.  Alex.  Able  and  Rebecca  Reed. 

12.  James  Price  and  ^Liry  Ricliardsaii. 

24.  Elbert  ])owne3  and  Ann  Chilcott. 

25.  John  Dougherty  and  Prudence  Fountain. 
March  10.  Stanton  Carroll  and  Sarah  Manship. 

14.  Anderton  Blades  and  Randle  Towers. 

April     1.  William  Cafran  and  Milly  Snil. 

9.  Griffitli  Cooper  and  Sophia  Favour. 

May    2.  William  Hall  and  Livisy  Slaughter. 

4.  Charles  Rouse  and  Nancy  Butler. 

21.  Lewis  Rhodes  and  Fanny  Orrell. 

25.  Samuel  Lecompte  and  Polly  Price. 

"    Noble  Vickers  and  Rebecca  Plummer. 
June    2.  Nathl.  Perry  and  Sarah  Harper. 

3.   Christopher  Swift  and  Francy  Rolph. 

Solomon  Robinson  and  Sophia  C.  Denny. 
9.  Levi  Dukes  and  Xancy  Alcock. 

William  M"=Xeese  and  Lydia  Hopkins. 
19.  Thomas  Mumfert  and  Elizabeth  Lunarr. 
23.  WiUiam  Williams  and  Sarah  Mason. 

26.  Archibald  Cohn  and  Triphenia  Morgan. 
*'    William  Faulkner  and  Prudence  Towers. 

27.  Charles  Critchett  and  Ann  Manship. 
July  11.  James  Colescott  and  Polly  Da\is. 

16.  Elijah  Phillips  and  Betsy  Dial. 
James  Dickinson  and  Letitia  Price. 

21.  John  Saulsbury  and  Elizabeth  Sharpe. 
23.  Andrew  Hall  and  Sarah  Meeds. 
August    1.  Joshua  Craynor  and  Xaomi  Vain. 

17.  Daniel  Voshell  and  Elizabeth  Williams. 
"    Jonathan  Jacobs  and  Sarah  W^right. 

19.  Samuel  Wooters  and  Sally  Cartrope. 

20.  William  Connoly  and  Mary  Jackson. 
25.  John  Cooper  and  Margaret  Valliant. 

"    Philemon  Spencer  and  Eliza  Boutle. 

September    5.  Thomas  Boush  and  Ehza . 

13.  Nathaniel  Ellsbury  and  Margarette  Smith. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland.  1774.-1815.    431 

September  16.  Thomas  Coursey  and  Mary  Boon. 

Thomas  Duhadav»-ay  and  Mary  Wright. 

20.  William  B.  Smith  and  Downes. 

25.  Oloudsbury  WiUiamson  and  Polly  Scott. 
29.  Abner  l\oe  and  ^lary  Ir\\-in. 

"    Christopher  Driver  and  Polly  Glann. 
October     2.  Xathan  Cooper  and  Anna  Stewart. 

7.  Resdon  Fountaine  and  Elizabeth . 

27.  Tlios.  Brannock  and  ^STancy  Brannock. 
"    Shadriaek  Cooper  and  Rachel  Shery. 
November     3.  Isaac  Doram  and  Charlotte  Henry. 
7.  Thomas  Hooper  and  Jane  Burgess. 
IG.  Thomas  Hicks  and  Eliza  Alcock. 
17.  John  Boon  and  Peggy  Mason. 
December  10,  James  Clements  and  Mary  Johnson. 
19.  Henry  Williams  and  Lydia  Craynor. 

21.  Joshua  Cooper  and  Ann  Wilson. 
27.  William  Priest  and  Betsy  Dick. 

31.  William  Bourke  and  Elizabeth  Gray. 

1802. 

January    4.  Aaron  Griffith  and  ^STancy  Colliston. 
6.  James  Caulk  and  Sarah  Clough. 

Daniel  W.  Dickinson  and  Ann  Richardson. 
12.  William  Roe  and  Patty  Brades. 
17.  John  Sullivan  and  Rebecca  Hubbart. 

19.  Asbury  Upaton  and  Xancy  Hurd. 

21.  Joseph  W.  Walls  and  Rebecca  George. 

23.  Vaehel  Keene  and  Sarah  Fauntleroy. 
"    Shadrach  Dean  and  Rebecca  Ruse. 

"    Thomas  King  and  Eliza.  Lawrence. 

26.  Peter  Eaton  and  Rebecca  Willis. 
February    9.  Robert  Roe  and  Xancy  Coxselle. 

16.  Richard  Whitby  and  Darkey  Boon. 

20.  John  Wilson  and  Margaret  Russell. 

"    Samuel  Hardcastle  and  Francina  Fall. 

24.  Thomas  Andrew  and  Amelia  Dilton. 


432     Marriage  IJ.ccnscs  of  Caroline  Co.,  JLuyland,  1771^-1815. 

March     3.  AVilliaiu  Kelly  and  Elizabeth  Willis. 

"  William  Faulkner  and  Sally  Gibson. 

3.  John  AVilliams  and  Susannah  Tliomas. 

9.  John  Gibson  and  Elizabeth  AMiitby. 

14.  John  C.  Lewis  and  Mary  Ruver. 
17.  Eobert  Jarman  and  Elizabeth  Genn. 
30.  John  Camper  and  Polly  Dean. 

April    8.  Aaron  Dut  and  Anna  Simpson. 

21.  William   Dovvnes  and   Mary   Saulsbury,   at 
Cambridge. 
May  11.  James  Boon  and  Sarah  Caramine. 

25.  Andrew  Chilton  and  Catharine  Da\'i8. 
28.  Thomas  Bright  and  Jane  Robinson. 
June    5.  James  Barwick  and . 

15.  Burton  Faulkner  and  Elizabeth  Barker. 
July    6.  Elisha  Burt  and  Catharine  Smootterc. 

"  James  Pohvell  and  Sarah  Bush. 

"  James  Coursey  and  Bebccca  Jackson. 

10.  John  Euth  and  Ann  Seth. 

14.  Andrew  Sullivaue  and  Kitty  Tims. 

19.  William  Council  and  Polly  Ewing. 

20.  John  Satterfield  and  Ann  Parkinson. 

"    AVilliam  Browm  and  Margaret  Longfellow. 
28.  Thomas  Wherrett  and  Rebecca  Covey. 
August  16.  John  Barker  and  Celia  Andrews. 

17.  Tilghman  Andrew  and  Rebecca  Currie. 

18.  Thomas  Diggins  and  Wealthy  Warner. 

21.  John  Hunnsay  and  Charlotte . 

25,  AYilliam  Warner  and  Polly  Diggins. 

27.  William  Boon  and  Rebecca  Saulsbury. 
"    William  Saulsbury  and  Tamsey  Dodd. 

28.  James  Plurner  and  Eliza  Taylor. 

"    James  Griffith  and  Mariaim  Morris. 
September    2.  Tilghman  Warner  and  Rhoda  Stevens. 
4.  William  Bonner  and  Charity  Willis. 
27.  James  Stranghan  and  Priscilla  Slaughter. 
October  19.  S.  Wootten  and  Device  Wrierht. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  177/^-1815.     433 

October  2G.  Peter  llicbardson  and  ISTancy  Mowbray. 
November     5.  Joel  Clements  and  Margaret  Eoe. 
*<    Richard  Swift  and  Minty  Bagga. 

"    Neal  Ixhodes  and lligmitt. 

18.  Thos.  Saulsbiiry  and  Nancy  Downee. 
December    1.  Athel  Stewart  and  Sarah  Dudley. 

"    Henry  Harris  and  Rebecca  Downea. 

20.  Thomas  Chambers  and  Elizabeth  Priest. 

21.  Dennis  Eaton  and  Mary  Chilcutt. 

22.  ISTatban  Barwick  and  Mary  Kinnerront. 

23.  Noah  Slaughter  and  Esther  Kcon. 

"    Henry  Banberry  and  Eliza  Malcolm. 

30.  William  Colscott  and  Eliza  Miller. 

31.  James  Clements  and  Anna  Swift. 

1S03. 

January    7.  John  Longfellow  and  Jane  Walker, 

7.  William  Stevens  and  Letta  Gowtee. 
17.  James  Byrn  and  Henrietta  Meeds. 
25.  Henry  Jones  and  Eliza  Taylor. 

February    1.  William  Dut  and  Ann  Layton. 

2.  Washington  Young  and  Ann . 

8.  Alex.  Challslum  and  Rebecca  Whitby. 

11.  Solomon  Dean  and  Eliza  Stevens. 
March    3.  Nathan  Bradley  and  Winnifred  Willis. 

8.  John  Morriston  and  Lydia  Frampton. 
April    1.  Rebecca  Clements  and  Tamza  Morris. 
7.  William  Jump  and  Ann  Price. 

12.  Samuel  Booker  and  Leah  Coper. 
20.  John  Doe  and  Sarah  Roe. 

27.  Ebraham  Jump  and  Lidney  Carter. 
May    3.  Samuel  Emerson  and  Mary  Butler. 
11.  William  Steel  and  Maria  Price. 
17.  Browmell  Melvin  and  Margaret  Craddock. 

20.  M CoUison  and  Sarah  Cade. 

June    6.  George  Hall  and  Mary  Steedham. 
7.  John  Cahall  and  Margaret  Shaw. 
VOL.  XXVIII. — 28 


434     Marriage  Licenses  of  Oiroliru  Co.,  Mart/land,  1774-1815. 

June  11.  Saiiiiiel  Garner  and  ^[ary  Baker. 

18.  Alexander  Talson  and  Sallie  Councill. 

21.  AVilliam  Kelley  and  Eachel  Lcverton. 
July    5.  Stephen  Sheiron  and  Sidney  "\Villiamson. 

26.  Xass  Ivoe  and  Lydia  ^Vhittington. 

28.  Jesse  Founder  and  Margaret  Eagle. 

"  William  Ca\in  and  Margaret  Stevens. 

August  13.  Charles  Morgan  and  Stirling  Andrew. 

24.  Olive  [?]  Saulsbury  and  Charlotte  Gritfin. 

31.  Thomas  Willis  and  Launtia  Willis. 

September    3.  James  M.  Broom  and  Ann  Driver. 

15.  Elisha  Milford  and  Celia  Willis. 

20.  Henry  Swiggett  and  Henrietta  Mitchell. 
"    John  Boon  and  Priscilla  Fountain. 
October     6.  Thomas  Smith  and  Charlotte  Blunts. 

8.  ISTathan  Russell  and  Elizabeth  Sparks. 
11.  John  Thomas  and  Mizza  Lloyd. 

11.  Isaac  Anderson  and  Mary  Smith. 

18.   William  Thowley  and  Sarah  Sylvester. 

29.  Xathan  Shawmhawn  and  Frances  Xicols. 
November     8.  Charley  Prin  and  Deborah  Hunter. 

9.  John  Martin  and  Xany  Eaton. 

11.  James  Baueker  and  Hiphena  Thomas. 
11.  Edward  Holbrook  and  Mabel  Boon. 

16.  Stephen  Stanford  and  Henrietta  Clark. 
"    AYilliam  Reese  and  Sarah  Sharpe. 

22.  Richard  Wilson  and  Sophia  Satterfield. 
26.  Channy  Ridgaway  and  Eliza""  Carty. 

28.  Edward  Barwick  and  Sarah  Hubbard. 

29.  Wilham  Oxenharn  and  Fanny  Price. 
December    6.  John  Collscott  and  Sarah  Stevens. 

7.  Curtis  Connelly  and  Sarah  Carmine. 

13.  Mordicaw and  Elizth.  Oram. 

15.  Steplien  Rynor  and  Anna  Casson. 

20.  Fountain  and  Sally  May. 

"  William  Towers  and  Margaret  Wooters. 

20.  Thomas  Turpin  and  Sarah   Richardson. 


Marrkuje  Licenses  of  Ciyoh'uc  Co.,  Man/hithf,  1774^-1815.     435 

Pecember  21.  Y\"i]liani  Smith  and  Sarali  Dean. 
Thomas  Ilurd  and  ^larry  Harris. 

22.  Thos.  Carpenter  and  Deborah  Kinnamon. 

24.  Lodman  Shields  and  Eacliel  George. 

28.  Philip  Riissom  and  ISTanny  Knatts. 
30.  Joseph  Xewham  and  'Xaomy  Andrew, 

ISO4. 

January    5.  James  Xewnoe  and  Christianna  Brown. 

12.  James  Canlk  and  Eebecca  Iveene. 

26.  Joseph  Purdon  and  Susan  Sangston. 
81.  Abner  Eoe  and  Elizabeth  Satterlield, 

<'    Levy  Russom  and  Cynthia  Knotts. 
February    4.  John  Wootters  and  Fanny  Willis. 

Daniel  Swiggett  and  Elizabeth  Mathews. 
6.  Tristram  Carman  and  Jenny  Dawson. 

8.  Daniel  Bartlett  and  Trippinah  Cohie. 
"    William  Jones  and  Jane  Roe. 

March    5.  George  Ringgold  and  Sarah  Ratclifl". 
10.  Edward  Carter  and  ISTanny  Whitby. 

13.  Henry  Casson  and  Addah  Swift. 

16.  Isaac  Pool  and  Lydia  Wright. 

17.  Thomas  Chambers  and  Polly  Faulkner. 
19.  Stephen  Wing  and  Esther  iTash. 

27.  John  Clements  and  Rachel  Newell. 

29.  Henry  Thawley  and  Sarali  Hunter. 

April     5.  James  Edmondson  and  Sophia  C.  Robinson. 

9.  Robert  Roun  and  Sarah  Seword. 

10.  Edward  Thowley  and  ISTancy  Ringgold. 

17.  Henry  Mason  and  Nanny  Johnson. 
21.  John  Dean  and  Margaret  Kinnamont. 

25.  Nathan  Satterfield  and  Peggy  Rudd. 
May  29.  James  Gray  and  Charlotte  Hudson. 

June    5.  Nathan  Baynord  and  Sarah . 

13.  James and  Sarah  Lee. 

18.  Clement  Todd  and  Darkas  Fountain. 

23.  John  Williams  and  Rubecah  Tamson. 


June 

25. 

26. 

July 

14. 

24. 

<< 

25. 

30. 

31. 

August 

11. 

436     Marriage  Licenses  of  Qiroline  Co.,  Jlar'/loDd,  1771^-1815. 

Thomas  M'Guire  and  Chaiiny  Carman. 
Xath'  Satterfield  and  Elizth.  Calialle. 
James  Morgan  and  Mary  Andrew. 
John  Ross  and  Pheby  Boon. 
John  Smith  and  Rhoda  Perry. 
Thomas  Beal  and  Hannah  Swift. 
Jacob  Hickman  and  Britania  Eaton. 
James  Wheatley  and  Elizth.  Morton. 
John  Pritchett  and  Rachel  Spencer. 
Wm.  D.  Glover  and  Sally  Byor. 
18.  James  Harvey  and  iSTanny  Johnson. 
"    Daniel  Lyon  and  Fanny  Camper. 

28.  Henry  Martindall  and  Xany  Dwoaikbure. 
September     1.  John  Kinnamon  and  Mary  Webber. 

15.  Thomas  Connolly  and  Lydia  Harvey. 

18.  William  Parratt  and  Anna  Kirby. 

21.  William  Willoughby  and  Esther  Hopkins. 

29.  Joseph  Dean  and  i^any  Cop . 

October    3.  Lawrence  Porter  and  ±^Iargaret  Morgan. 

"    Joshua  Williams  and  ]SLirgaret  Thorp. 

23.  Samuel  Mason  and  Margaret  Clarke. 

24.  Beauchamp  Eaton  and  Margaret  Stubbs. 
November     6.  Anderson  Porter  and  Jane  Ewing. 

"    Allen  Wood  and  Fanny  Warren. 
12.  Andrew  Lord  and  jSIargaret  Collins. 
21.  Samuel  Black  and  Grace  Darem. 
29.  Thos.  Richardson  and  Sarah  Denny. 
December  11.  Andrew  Fountain  and  Elizabeth  Moore. 
18.  Joseph  Coxe  and  Priscilla  Roe. 

"    Joseph  Wood  and  Rachel  Plummer. 
31.  Shadrick  Chilcutt  and  Elizabeth  Blades. 

"    Thomas  Ruse  and  Margaret  Andrew. 

1805, 

January    1.  ^lartain  Alford  and  Britanna  Pritchett. 
2.  William  Slaughter  and  Prudence  Taylor. 
5.  Emory  Russell  and  Ann  Morgan. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  JIari/Iand,  177/^.-1815.     437 

January    8.  Sc]te  Sprouce  and  Lucretia  Turner. 
February    1.  William  Jackson  and  Ecbecca  Faulkner. 
"    Alexander  Griffith  and  Mary  Collison. 
5.  Hugh  Valliant  and  Helender  Taylor. 

11.  James  M'^Comb  and  Elizabeth  Lindere. 

12.  James  Sharwood  and  Xanny  Tailor. 

16.  Emory  Sattertield  and  Elizabeth  Colgan. 

26.  Fredk.  Halbrook  and  Rachel  ('raynor. 
March    1.  John  Stevens  and  Elizabeth  Willis. 

8.  William  Coursey  and  Sarah  Jones. 
April  20.  Henry  ISTicholson  3rd  and  Elizabeth  Sellers. 
May    7.  Samuel  Coursey  and  Rebina  Tvirby. 
25.  Thomas  Connor  and  Rlioda  Eaton. 
25.  "William  Higniett  and  Sarah  Peters. 
30.  Benjamin  Kemp  and  Sally  Price. 
June  17.  Thomas  Thawley  and  Xancy  King. 

22.  John  Wliite  and  Levey  Wingate. 

25.  William  Thawley  and  Xanny  Jump. 
July    9.  Thomas  Valliant  Jr.  and  Anna  Tarton. 

11.  John  Green  and  ^lary  Swan. 

21.  Henry  Meeds  and  Martha  Ashford. 

23.  James  Thawley  and  Rebina  Boon. 

27.  Thomas  Kemp  and  Ann  Prouse. 

30.  Levin  Wingate  and  Margaret  Meeds. 
August    3.   William  Cannon  and  Milliy  Emory. 
7.  Richard  Saulsbury  and  Rachel  Smith. 
14.  William  Fountain  and  Ann  Cooper. 

17.  Benjamin  Atwell  and  Rebina  Soward. 

28.  Francis  Elliott  and  Sarah  Wirthgolt. 

29.  Elijah  Russell  Jr.  and  Ann  Talboy. 
September    3.  David  Roe  and  Nanny  Wilson. 

11.  Andrew  Manship  and  Margaret  Russell. 

23.  Thomas  Plummer  and  Margaret  Holland. 

24.  Joseph  Carmine  and  Elizabeth  Fitzpatrick. 

26.  John  Barns  and  Eleanor  Warren. 
October  14.  Warner  Busteed  and  Sarah  Bell. 

17.  Caleb  Connelly  and  Polly  Blades. 


438    Mairiagc  Licaises  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  1774.-1811 

October  24,  Txeubeu  Yane  and  Rlioda  Eitlitor. 
November  30.  ITeury  Austin  and  Rachel  Young. 
Kobort  Cade  and  Ann  Austin. 
Mathew  Traverse  and  Sally  Fob. 
Andrew  Collison  and  Xelly  Stubbs. 
Mivtliew  Saulsbury.and  Elizabeth  George. 
December    9.  James  Rub  and  Araminta  Hard. 

16.  John  Malony  and  Elizabeth  Charles. 
21.  Solomon  Carter  and  Sarah  Puraclle. 
25.  John  Jackson  and  Mary  Ann  Webber. 

28.  Samuel  Denny  and  Rebecca  Thawley. 
31.  Thomas  Binding  and  Sophia  Harvey. 
"     James  Wheeler  and  Frances  Willis. 

"     Simeon  Johnson  and  Rebecca  Rouse. 

1S06. 

January  11.  George  Graham  and  Henrietta  Willis. 
15.  Joseph  Newman  and  Ann  Willoughby. 
20.  John  Delanaway  and  Mary  Jones. 
23.  John  Beauchamp  and  Mary  Driver. 
"     Thoma-s  Smith  and  Charlotte  Martindall. 

29.  Peter  Chilcutt  and  Elizabeth  Smith. 
February    4.  Edward  Price  and  Margaret  Casson. 

6.  Thomas  Cooper  and  Rebecca  Bell. 
11.  William  Andrew  and  Rebecca  Harris. 
13.  William  Harris  and  Lucretia  Ward, 
March    7.  Closes  Craynor  and  Nancy  Seneca. 

8.  Thomas  Sylvester  and  Margaret  Stradley. 
10.  Charles  Hubbard  and  Ruth  Lawler. 
13.  William  P.  Rolph  and  Sarah  Nawlee. 
15.  Acquilla  Vinson  and  Nancy  Vinson. 

18.  Jacob  Carmeau  and  Susan"  Orum. 

19.  John  Dute  and  Rachel  Simpson. 
27.  James  Clements  Jr.  and  Mary  Roe. 

April    3.  William  Poor  and  Nanny  Barker. 

4.  Moses  Hopkins  and  Sarah  Plummer. 
10.  Thomas  Jenkins  and  Mary  Pigg. 


Marrkige  Limises of  Caroline  Co.,  3Iar>/land,  177J^-1S1G.    439 

April  19.  Jeremiali  Rhodes  and  Elizabeth  Orrell. 

25.  John  Dean  and  Amelia  Xicols. 

26.  Shadrach  Glanding  and  Alice  Barwick. 
29.  Williams  Summers  and  Dolly  Fab. 

May  19.  Robt.  Ilutchinson  and  Keziali  Partridge. 
24.  Ambrose  Hobbs  and  Elizabeth  Cannon. 

27.  Stephen  Lewis  and  Margaret  Ruband. 
June    7.  Elijah  Morris  and  Martha  Morgan. 

10.  David  Smith  and  Celia  Swiggett. 

21.  Peter  Eaton  and  Rachel  Eaton. 
July  19.  Jesse  Leverton  and  Mary  Eaton. 

22.  Abner  Leah  and  Mary  Chairs. 
August    2.  Garretson  Blades  and  Ann  Mitchell. 

9.  Charles  Mittle  and  Lydia  S\yann. 

19.  Richard  Price  and  Isabella  Austin. 

20.  Vinson  Emerson  and  ^lary  Austin. 

26.  Thomas  Larimore  and  Mary  Blades. 

27.  Samuel  Cradock  and  ISTanny  Baynord. 
September    6.  William  Fisher  and  Keziah  Boon. 

9.  Samuel  Denny  and  Sarah  Jones. 

16.  l^oali  Eaton  and  iTancy  Scadrick. 
"     Edgell  Scondrach  and  Ann  Pirt. 

17.  ISLathew  Ilardcastle  and  Polly  Willis. 

26.  Andrew  Pawning  and  Sally  Bowdle. 

27.  Sullivane  Bell  and  Rachel  Jump. 
October  14.  Walter  Jenkins  and  Lienor  Valliant. 

15.  Richard  Philips  and  Javenty  Pratty. 
"     Thomas  Swann  and  Sarah  Roe. 
November    5.  George  Reed  and  Mary  Harrington. 

7.  Bruftett  Vinson  and  Ann  Roe. 

8.  Henry  Costen  and  Ann  O'Bryan. 
15.  William  Jester  and  Xancy  Coursey. 

"     Daniel  Bartlett  and  Elizabeth  Harris. 
27.  William  Cahall  and  Elizabeth  Cox. 
Nathan  Jones  and  Sarah  Swift. 
December    2.  John  M'Combs  and  Cynthia  Ridgaway. 

11.  Andrew  Reed  and  Lienor  Causey. 


440     Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  177 J^- 18 15. 

December  KS.   AVilliam  Burtt  and  Mary  Pippin. 

"     Noah  Swift  and  Elizabeth  Meredith. 
IG.  Curtis  Eaton  and  La\-ica  Connelly. 
20.  Benjamin  M'Neese  and  Mary  Faulkner. 
23.  Ephraim  Greenhawk  and  Lydia  Taylor. 

25.  Daniel  Anthony  and  Abigail  Garey^ 

26.  Jesse  Blades  and  Elizabeth  Thomas. 

27.  ISTalhaniel  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Cavender. 
31.  William  Cahall  Jr.  and  Frances  Roe. 

1807, 
January    8.  Richard  Hudson  and  Elizabeth  Dillen. 
10.  Thomas  Turner  and  Sally  Sparklin. 

13.  William  Gardner  and  iSTaney  Young. 

14.  James  Sweedlin  and  Sophia  Porter, 
27.  Jonathan  Eaton  and  Mary  Stubbs. 

29.  Brumovell  Millven  and  Margaret  P.  Wilson. 
"     William  G.  Smith  and  Zs'ancy  Dawson. 
February    6.  Zechariah  Goutee  and  Mary  Stevens. 
14.  Joseph  Frampton  and  Peggy  Garner. 
17.  Samuel  Thawley  and  Elizabeth  Elliott. 

27.  John  Berry  and  Ann  Kelly. 

March    3.  Thomas  Seymore  and  Mary  Ann  Turner. 

3.  Henry  Austin  and  Mary  Warner. 

4.  Richard  Keene  and  Henrietta  Boon. 
Richard  Stubbs  and  Roda  Hall. 

21.  Andrew  Morgan  and  Mary  Morrison. 
25.  Kathan  Hobbs  and  Anna  Dillen. 

28.  Henry  Dean  and  Ann  Blades. 

«  Jesse  Wood  and  Eliztli.  Butler. 

April    1.  Charles  Dean  and  Prudence  Ruh. 

2.  John  Harrington  and  Sarah  Countess. 

9.  Thomas  Jaikson  and  Mary  Dawson. 

11.  John  Jaikson  and  Rachel  Russum. 

25.  Jacob  Diel  and  Margaret  Critchett. 

"  Samuel  Crayner  and  Ann  Pearce. 

29.  Bennett  Wherrett  and  Peggy  Saulsbury. 


Maniaqe  JAcensesof  Cwolinc  Co.,  Man/fand,  1774.- JS 15. 


441 


^lay 

2, 

19. 

June 

2. 

11. 

16. 

July 

1. 

8. 

21. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

lorust 

6. 

Isaac  Swan  and  Xancy  Chance. 

Jolni  Cox  and  Izabclla  Harrington. 

Joseph  Boon  and  Tilly  Mason. 

James    Keene    and    Eliza    Ann     Lucindy 

Carney. 
Da\nd  Xeal  and  Elizabeth  Kelley. 
Caleb  Smith  and  Comfort  Russell. 
Saulsbury  Cannon  and  Ann  Critchett. 
Thomas  AVibber  and  Xancy  Garrett. 
AYilliam  Milson  and  Thisay  Pippin. 
Curtis  Beauchamp  and  Xancy  Clarke. 
John  Pennington  and  Eliza  Mumford. 
James  Lane  and  Relena  Slaughter. 
<'    Thomas  Hill  and  Charlotte  Smith. 

11.  Daniel  Young  and  Sarah  Cheiznou. 

"    Anaren  AVilloughby  and  Hersey  Jenkins. 

12.  Charles  Hubbard  and  Rebena  Anthony. 

14.  Thomas  Bradly  and  Rebena  Baynord. 

15.  Major  Bradley  and  Sophia  Caldwell. 
25.  Curtis  Dean  and  Keziah  Williams. 

"    John  Plummer  and  Mary  Turner. 
29.  George  Brownie  and  Sarah  Pritchett. 
"    Levin  Eaton  and  Mary  Cockrin. 
September    1.  Henry  Bolton  and  Mary  Holmer. 
"    Solomon  Dean  and  Lilly  Dill. 

29.  Samuel  Mathews  and  Xancy  Roe. 
October  22.  James  Sangston  and  Sarah  Stevens. 

23.  Capy  Pritchett  and  Lydia  Willoughby. 
November     7.  James  Greenlee  and  Esther  Willoughby. 
10.  Richard  Mason  and  Sarah  Scott. 

16.  Zachariah  Winwright  and-  Xelley  Davis. 
23.  Timothy  Caldwell  and  Xancy  Williams. 

-     28.  Thomas  Sylvester  and  Rachel  Hopkins. 
December    8.  Gilbert  Scott  and  Ann  Roe. 

14.  Joshua  Wright  and  Xancy  Hutchinson. 
19.  John  Shanks  and  Lydia  Baynard. 

30.  Isaac  Xicols  and  Elizabeth  Eountain. 


442     Mani'Ujc  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  1774~lSf6, 

1S08. 
January     2.  Eli  vShnrklin  and  iSTancy  Xicols. 

5.  John  AVilliamsoii  and  Britannae  Todd. 

6.  Thomas  Orem  and  Rachel  Brown. 

12.  Nathan  Grajless  and  Sarah  Evitt. 

13.  John  V.  Price  and  Mary  Davis. 

19.  James  S.  Colscott  and  Lucretia  Tlardesty. 
23.  Michael  Bateman  and  Sarah  Merrick. 

"    John  Saulsbury  and  Margaret  Manship. 
February    1.  James  Pearce  and  Ann  Green. 

9.  William  Sewell  and  Lucretia  Cannon. 
13.  Gilden  PTnghcall  and  Mary  Wilson. 

22.  Gilbert  Faulkner  and  Elizabeth  Dill. 

25.  William  Chilton  and  Xancy  Posilethwaite. 
2.5.  Jonathan  Grault  and  Lydia  Tvnotts. 

March    7.  Andrew  Fountain  and  Xaucy  Fountain. 

8.  Thomas  Ilubbard  and  Mary  Lyons. 
"    William  Connolly  and  Sophia  Eaton. 

23.  William  Burton  and  Susan  Wright. 

.       27.  Nathan  Slaughter  and  Celey  Bartlett. 
April    2.  Henry  Grayham  and  Elizabeth  Smith. 

9.  John  Chilcutt  and  Ann  Rouse. 

9.  Isaac  Bayley  and  Mary  Fountain. 

Daniel  Webster  and  Elizabeth  Wilson. 

19.  Saml.  Pinfield  and  Sarah  Hye. 

26.  Josiah  Ginn  and  Margaret  Newcomb. 
•    May    3.  Peter  Wilson  and  Ann  Roe. 

10.  William  Gardner  and  Rebecca  Carpenter. 

20.  Jesse  Eaton  and  Peggy  Bartlett. 

27.  William  Green  and  Rita  Rigby. 

29.  Stephen  Lucas  and  Sally  Keene. 
June  11.  Daniel  Smithe  and  Elizabeth  Price. 

14.  Samuel  Carter  and  Nancy  Croney. 

17.  William  Lowe  and  Rebecca  Wolcott. 

18.  Lloyd  Lord  and  Elizabeth  Kiiotta. 
July  12.  Absalom  Meredith  and  Margaret  Hines. 

30.  Tilghman  Todd  and  Mary  Fountain. 


Marriage  Licenses  of  Caroline  Co.,  Maryland,  1771^-1813.     443 

August    6.  EoV)cit  Joucs  and  Elizabeth  AVillis. 

11.  Benjamin  Faulker  and  Xancy  Clough. 

13.  Ambrose  Ilobbs  and  ISTancy  Stevens. 
15.  John  Comica  and  Ann  Baynard. 

September    3.  Edward  Street  and  Sarah  Barnes. 

6.  Daniel  Stevens  and  ]S'ancy  Cannon. 
"    James  Gray  and  ]^ancy  Sherman. 

10.  Joseph  Kidd  and  Elizabeth  ]Morri3. 
20.  James  Bartlett  and  Mary  Roe. 
'    29.  John  Saulsbury  and  Margaret  Yirden. 
October    3.  James  T^" right  of  John  and  Mary  Ivelley. 
10.  Andrew  Beuchamp  and  Isancy  Andrew. 

15.  Staten  Berry  and  Xancy  Morriston. 

"    Pierre  W.  Stewart  and  Sarah  Carroll. 
"    John  Baynard  and  Rachel  Harris. 
22.  Aaron  Duke  and  Rebecca  Blades. 
J^ovember  12.  James  Butler  and  Mary  Smith. 

14.  Levin  Charles  and  ^lary  Hurd. 

16.  Henry  Covington  and  Ann  Fisher. 
December    8.  John  Pronce  and  Elizabeth  Johnson. 

13.  Henry  Friend  and  Mary  Aldridge. 
16.  Casson  Fountain  and  Martha  Fisher. 
28.  James  Harrison  and  ISTancy  Martindale. 

30.  Michael  Hubbard  and  Rlioda  Sullivan. 

31.  Peter  Pinfield  and  Mary  Harris. 

1809. 

January    2.  Levi  Chance  and  Sally  Roe. 

3.  John  Andrew  and  Tamsey  Andrew. 

4.  George  Collison  and  Sally  Lyden. 

7.  John  Graham  and  Anna  Ritta  Dawson. 
7.  Thomas  Kirby  and  Britanne  Morgan. 
9.  James  iN'ooner  and  Lydia  Morriston. 

12.  James  Allen  and  Elizabeth  Powell. 
19.  Solomon  Clifte  and  Anne  Clarke. 
24.  John  Handy  and  Rebecca  iSTicols. 

"    Henry  Pearce  and Townsend. 


444    Marriage  Licenses  of  CaroUne  Co.,  Maryland,  1771^.-1815. 

January  25.  Joseph  Clarke  and  >»rary  Hudson. 
February    1.  John  Riley  and  Nancy  Hudson. 

Arthur  Willis  and  Xancy  AVright. 
9.  Henry  Willoughby  and  Philadelphia  AVill- 
o  ugh  by. 

20.  Levin  "Willoughby  and  Dareos  Stuart. 

21.  ISTathan  Shaunahan  and  Esther  Brooks. 

27.  Collison  Pritchett  and  Nancy  Peters. 

28.  Austin  Foster  and  Henny  Stokes. 

28.  Nathan  Monticue  and  Elizabeth  Boon. 
March  14.  William  AYliiteley  and  Elizabeth  Baynord. 

14.  James  Johnson  and  Nancy  AVhiteley. 
14.  Henry  Austin  and  Elizabeth  Austin. 
21.  Parrott  Roe  and  Rebecca  Roe. 
April     1.  Azle  Stevens  and  Nancy  Andrew. 

4.  William  Fountain  and  Sarah  Barton. 

17.  Ezekiel  Gullitt  and  Lucretia  Jump. 

18.  William  Wheatley  and  Bath.  Chance. 

24.  Eli  Connelly  and  ^fargaret  Johnson. 
May    4.  Levin  Stack  and  Sally  Brown. 

8.  Thomas  Vins